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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,因数和倍数,因数与倍数,63,9,19,7,21,21,26,8,20,10,2,3,30,6,9,5,12,2,7,2,.,71,5,1,3,.,25,1,.,8,2,0,.,6,6,计算下面各题。,一、复习导入,揭示课题,这道题请你保留两位小数。,二、探究新知,63,9,19,7,21,21,26,8,20,10,2,3,30,6,9,5,12,2,7,2,.,71,5,1,3,.,25,1,.,8,2,0,.,6,6,观察这些算式,把它们分分类。,二、探究新知,第一类,12,2,6,21,21,1,20,10,2,63,9,7,30,6,5,我们分成了这样的两类,第一类中所有算式的商都是整数,第二类中所有算式的商都是小数。,第二类,9,5,1,.,8,26,8,3,.,25,19,7,2,.,71,2,3,0,.,6,第二类,9,5,1,.,8,26,8,3,.,25,19,7,2,.,71,2,3,0,.,6,说一说第一类的每个算式中,,谁是谁的因数?谁是谁的倍数?,第一类,12,2,6,21,21,1,20,10,2,63,9,7,30,6,5,在整数除法中,如果商是整数而没有余数,我们就说被除数是除数和商的,倍数,,除数和商是被除数的,因数,。例如,,12,2,6,,,12,是,2,和,6,的倍数,,2,和,6,是,12,的因数。,二、探究新知,二、探究新知,21,21,1,21,是,21,和,1,的倍数,,21,和,1,是,21,的因数。,20,10,2,20,是,10,和,2,的倍数,,10,和,2,是,20,的因数。,第一类,12,2,6,21,21,1,20,10,2,63,9,7,30,6,5,第二类,9,5,1,.,8,26,8,3,.,25,19,7,2,.,71,2,3,0,.,6,二、探究新知,30,6,5,30,是,6,和,5,的倍数,,6,和,5,是,30,的因数。,63,9,7,63,是,9,和,7,的倍数,,9,和,7,是,63,的因数。,第二类,9,5,1,.,8,26,8,3,.,25,19,7,2,.,71,2,3,0,.,6,第一类,12,2,6,21,21,1,20,10,2,63,9,7,30,6,5,二、探究新知,必须要说谁是谁的倍数,谁是谁的因数。,你发现了什么?,对,因数与倍数是相互依存的。,第一类,12,2,6,21,21,1,20,10,2,63,9,7,30,6,5,第二类,9,5,1,.,8,26,8,3,.,25,19,7,2,.,71,2,3,0,.,6,三、知识运用,下面的四组中,谁是谁的因数?谁是谁的倍数?,4,和,24,26,和,13,75,和,25,81,和,9,75,25,3,,商是整数没有余数,所以,25,是,75,的因数,,75,是,25,的倍数。,24,4,6,,商是整数没有余数,所以,4,是,24,的因数,,24,是,4,的倍数。,26,13,2,,商是整数没有余数,所以,13,是,26,的因数,,26,是,13,的倍数。,81,9,9,,商是整数没有余数,所以,9,是,81,的因数,,81,是,9,的倍数。,我们怎么想呢?,应该有顺序地想。,二、探究新知,18,的因数有哪几个?,18,除以哪些整数的结果是整数?,还有没有其他的因数?怎样做才能不重复不遗漏?,二、探究新知,18,1,18,18,2,9,18,3,6,18,的因数有:,1,,,2,,,3,,,6,,,9,,,18,。,18,的因数有哪几个?,18,除以哪些整数的结果是整数?,二、探究新知,18,的因数,1,,,2,,,,,3,6,9,18,18,的因数有哪几个?,也可以像这样用图表示。,请你把它填完整。,你是怎样想的?,1,18,18,,所以,18,的因数有,1,和,18,。,2,9,18,,所以,18,的因数有,2,和,9,。,3,6,18,,所以,18,的因数有,3,和,6,。,无论是用乘法想还是用除法想,只要有序,就能把因数找全。,二、探究新知,30,的因数有哪些?,36,呢?,30,1,30,30,2,15,30,3,10,30,的因数有:,1,,,2,,,3,,,5,,,6,,,10,,,15,,,30,。,30,5,6,36,1,36,36,2,18,36,3,12,36,的因数有:,1,,,2,,,3,,,4,,,6,,,9,,,12,,,18,,,36,。,36,4,9,36,6,6,像,36,6,6,这样除数和商都是,6,,只写一个。,二、探究新知,30,的因数有:,1,,,2,,,3,,,5,,,6,,,10,,,15,,,30,。,36,的因数有:,1,,,2,,,3,,,4,,,6,,,9,,,12,,,18,,,36,。,18,的因数有:,1,,,2,,,3,,,6,,,9,,,18,。,怎样找一个数的因数?,用这个数除以从,1,开始的哪些整数的结果仍是整数,除数和商都是这个数的因数。,也可以从,1,开始,看看哪两个整数的乘积是这个数,那么这两个整数就都是这个数的因数。,二、探究新知,30,的因数有:,1,,,2,,,3,,,5,,,6,,,10,,,15,,,30,。,36,的因数有:,1,,,2,,,3,,,4,,,6,,,9,,,12,,,18,,,36,。,18,的因数有:,1,,,2,,,3,,,6,,,9,,,18,。,观察我们找到的这些因数,你发现了什么?,一个数最小的因数是,1,,最大的因数是它本身。,因数是成对出现的,所以一般都是双数个,但是像,4,,,9,,,16,,,这样的数除外。,三、知识运用,写出下面各数的因数。,10 17 28 32 48,10,的因数有:,1,,,2,,,5,,,10,。,17,的因数有:,1,,,17,。,28,的因数有:,1,,,2,,,4,,,7,,,14,,,28,。,32,的因数有:,1,,,2,,,4,,,8,,,16,,,32,。,48,的因数有:,1,,,2,,,4,,,6,,,8,,,12,,,24,,,48,。,二、探究新知,2,的倍数有哪些?,2,的倍数有:,2,,,4,,,6,,,8,,,10,,,你是怎么想的?,可以想哪些整数除以,2,商还是整数。,2,的倍数有多少个?,2,2,1,4,2,2,6,2,3,8,2,4,10,2,5,自然数是无限的,,2,的倍数也是无限的。,既然无法一一列举出来,写出几个后就可以用省略号表示。,也可以用,2,分别乘,1,、,2,、,3,,所得的积,都是,2,的倍数。,2,1,2,2,2,4,2,3,6,2,4,8,2,5,10,二、探究新知,2,1,2,2,2,4,2,3,6,2,4,8,2,5,10,2,6,12,2,的倍数,2,,,4,,,,,6,8,10,12,2,的倍数有哪些?,也可以像这样用图表示。,请你把它填完整。,你是怎样想的?,我用,2,分别乘,1,、,2,、,3,求出,2,的倍数。,用图表示,2,的倍数时,也要写省略号。,二、探究新知,3,的倍数有哪些?,5,呢?,3,的倍数有:,3,6,9,12,15,5,的倍数有:,5,10,15,20,25,3,1,3,3,2,6,3,3,9,3,4,12,3,5,15,5,1,5,5,2,10,5,3,15,5,4,20,5,5,25,二、探究新知,2,的倍数有:,2,,,4,,,6,,,3,的倍数有:,3,,,6,,,9,,,12,,,15,5,的倍数有:,5,,,10,,,15,,,20,,,25,怎样找一个数的倍数?,可以想哪些整数除以这个数商是整数,那这些整数就是这个数的倍数。,还可以用这个数分别乘,1,、,2,、,3,、,4,、,5,,所得的积就是这个数的倍数。,二、探究新知,2,的倍数有:,2,,,4,,,6,,,3,的倍数有:,3,,,6,9,12,15,5,的倍数有:,5,10,15,20,25,在找倍数的过程中你发现了什么?,一个数最小的倍数是它本身,没有最大的倍数。,一个数的因数的个数是有限的,而倍数的个数是无限的。,三、知识运用,1,.,写出下面各数的倍数(各写出,5,个)。,4 7 10 6 9,4,的倍数有:,4,8,12,16,20,7,的倍数有:,7,14,21,28,35,10,的因数有:,10,20,30,40,50,6,的倍数有:,6,12,18,24,30,9,的倍数有:,9,18,27,36,45,2,.,教材第,7,页练习二,第,4,题。,三、知识运用,15,的因数有哪些?,15,是哪些数的倍数?,15,的因数有:,1,3,5,15,。,15,是,1,3,5,15,的倍数。,3,.,教材第,7,页练习二 第,5,题,三、知识运用,下面的说法正确吗?正确的请在括号里画,“,”,错误的画“,”。,(,1,),1,是,1,2,3,的因数。,(,2,),8,的倍数只有,16,24,32,40,48,。,(,3,),36,9,4,,所以,36,是,9,的倍数。,(,4,),5,.,7,是,3,的倍数。,(),(),(),(),四、布置作业,幼儿园里有一些小朋友,李老师拿了,28,颗糖平均分给他们,正好分完。小朋友的人数可能是多少?,
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