资源描述
,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,成语的翻译,1.英汉成语比喻上的不同,中国人常常用成语“雨后春笋”来形容一般事物的迅速发展和大量涌现。英语则用,just like mushroom(,犹如蘑菇一样众多)来形容同样的意思。竹子不是英国土生土长的植物,甚至连,bamboo(,竹)这个词也是引进的外来语。因此,英国人不可能以竹笋作成语的形象来比喻。,试比较:,Kill the goose that lays the golden eggs.,杀鸡取蛋。,Look for a needle in a haystack.,大海捞针。,Like a rat in a hole.,瓮中之鳖。,No smoke without fire.,无风不起浪。,A good conscience is a soft pillow.,日间不做亏心事,夜半敲门心不惊。,Neither fish nor fowl.,非驴非马。,You cannot make a crab walk straight.,是狼改不了吃肉,是狗改不了吃屎。,2.风俗习惯上的不同,狗对于英国人来说,既可以用来看门或打猎,也可视作人的伴侣和爱物。所以英国人对狗一般有好感,常用来比喻人的生活。,例如:,dog ones steps,跟某人走,lucky dog,幸运儿,Love me,love my dog.,爱屋及乌。,Every dog has his day.,凡人皆有得意的日子。,但是,,dog,受外来文化的影响,有时也含有贬义。,例如:,He is in the doghouse.,他名声扫地了。,He was a bit of a dog in his younger days.,他年轻时过着花天酒地的生活。,中国民间虽然有养狗的习惯,但一般在心理上却厌恶鄙视这种动物,常用来形容和比喻坏人坏事。,例如:,狗胆包天,monstrous audacity,狗急跳墙。,A cornered beast will do something desperate.,狗嘴里吐不出象牙。,A filthy mouth cant utter decent language.,3.历史背景上的不同,中国自古以来是一个以农业为主的大国,农业人口占很大比例,因此,成语中有很大一部分是农谚。,例如:斩草除根;柴多火焰高;瑞雪兆丰年;解甲归田;拔苗助长;枯木逢春;顺藤摸瓜;树大招风;雨后春笋;瓜熟蒂落;桃李满天下;捡了芝麻,丢了西瓜,等等。,英国是一个岛国,英国人喜欢航海,因此,有很大一部分成语源于航海事业。,例如:,know the ropes(,懂得秘诀;内行);,tide over(,顺利渡过);,sink or swim(,好歹;不论成败);,go with the stream(,随波逐流);,clear the decks(,准备战斗);,all at sea(,无主意);,plain sailing(,一帆风顺);,rest on ones oars(,暂时歇一歇);,keep ones head above water(,奋力图存),等等。,民族文化的发展形成了一些代表独特文化现象的词语典故,有一部分成语出自历史事件、寓言、故事等,这类成语可以称为典故成语。每种典故之后都有一则轶事,如汉语中的“伯了相马”、“邯郸学步”、“塞翁失马”等,英语中的,to meet ones Waterloo,create man with clay。,英汉典故成语各有自己的民族渊源,可以说相似的很少。但是有少数近似的,例如中,blow hot and cold,与“朝三暮四”。,blow hot and cold,出自伊索寓言。原喻“避免与性情模棱两可的人交往”,现意“动摇不定,反复无常”。“朝三暮四”出自列子黄帝,原来比喻用诈术欺骗,后来比喻反复无常。,例如:,as thin as rake,骨瘦如柴,fish for praise,沽名钓誉,turn a dead ear to,置若罔闻,return good for evil,以德报怨,fish in troubled waters,浑水摸鱼,spend money like water,挥金如土,add fuel to the fire,火上浇油,burn ones boat,破釜沉舟,be on thin ice,如履薄冰,a drop in the ocean,沧海一粟,laugh ones head off,笑掉大牙,go through fire and water,赴汤蹈火,at the end of ones rope,山穷水尽,shed crocodile tears,猫哭老鼠,be out at the elbows,捉襟见肘,like father like son,有其父必有其子,There is no smoke without fire.,无风不起浪。,Practice makes perfect.,熟能生巧。,All that glitters is not gold.,闪光的不都是金子。,Strike while the iron is hot.,趁热打铁。,Walls have ears.,隔墙有耳。,Constant dropping wears the stone.,水滴石穿。,Actions speak louder than words.,事实胜于雄辩。,成语翻译要注意的事项,汉语成语的语言特色,即形象鲜明、常用典故、音韵和谐,翻译时应尽可能地保留这些特色。然而由于汉英两种语言和文化的巨大差异,汉语成语的这些特色很难全部在译文中得以再现,此时译者必须有所舍弃,采取适当的翻译策略,以确保主要信息的传递,。,现代翻译学认为,译文与原文在意义上应动态对应,不要形式对等。因此,从原文的深层意义出发,汉语句子当中的四字词组在译成英语时都有可能与英语句中的单词、短语、习语甚至整句相对应。,2.,直译法,直译法指在,不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误联想,的条件下,在译文中保留英语的比喻、形象和民族及地方色彩的方法。,例如:,show ones cards,摊牌,armed to the teeth,武装到牙齿,a wolf in sheeps clothing,披着羊皮的狼,Blood is thicker than water.,血浓于水。,A rolling stone gathers no moss.,滚石不生苔。,He laughs best who laughs last.,谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。,3.,意译法,在不可能或没有必要用直译法保留英语成语的表达形式,并且也找不到相应的汉语成语以套用时,就可以配合上下文进行意译,以保证原作思想内容的完整性。,例如:,a bed of roses,安乐窝,play a good game,手法高明,at all hazards,孤注一掷,carry ones head high,趾高气扬,rain cats and dogs,下倾盆大雨,play ones last card,采取最后手段,Dont cross the bridge till you get to it.,不必担心过早。,Dont count your chickens before they are hatched.,不可过早乐观。,Every cloud has a silver lining.,天下没有绝对的坏事。,Among so many well-dressed and cultured people,the country girl felt like a fish out of water.,同这么多穿着体面而又有教养的人在一起,这位乡下姑娘感到很不自在。,She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth;she thinks she can do what she likes.,她生长在富贵之家,认为凡事都可随心所欲。,4.直译加意译,为了弥补直译和意译的不足,更确切地表达原意,可同时采用直译和意译两种方法翻译成语,即先直译出原文,再进行解释。,shed crocodile tears,鳄鱼的眼泪/假慈悲,Achilless heel,阿基利斯的脚后跟/致命弱点,Pandoras box,潘多拉的盒子/罪恶和灾难的渊薮,To make hay while the sun shines.,趁着晴天晒干草/勿失时机。,A little pot is soon hot.,壶小易热/人小火气大。,TRANSLATION APPRECIATION,1.,It is too late to grieve when the chance is past.,坐失良机,后悔已迟。,2.,Its never too late to learn.,活到老,学到老。,3.,Joy at its height engenders sorrow.,乐极生悲。,4.,Justice has long arms.,天网恢恢,疏而不漏。,5.,Keep something for a rainy day.,未雨绸缪。,6.,Keep a dog and bark oneself.,家有佣人而自己干活;做自己下属应做的工作。,7.,One mans meat is another mans poison.,对甲有利的未必对乙也有利。,8.,Let sleeping dogs lie.,勿惹麻烦。,9.,Let things slide.,顺其自然。,10.,Lies have short legs.,谎言是站不住脚的。,四字词组的,汉译英,四字词组是汉语中一种常见的语言现象,是汉语的一大词汇特点。它由四个语素构成,通常分为自由词组和固定词组。自由词组是临时组成的,可随意拆散,重新组合,例如“广泛开展”,“紧密联系”。固定词组则是一个整体,不能拆散使用,其中的任何词语都不能随意更换,含特殊意义,也称为成语,例如“雪中送炭”,“路不拾遗”。四字词组从内容上看,言简意赅;从形式上看,整齐匀称;从语音上看,顺口悦耳;从表达效果上看,形象生动。在行文、说话中人们都常运用到它们。由于四字词组具有如此优点,在汉译英时若使用恰当,既能保存原作的丰姿,又使译文大为生色。,例如:,多数人兴高采烈之日,却是少数人伤心失意之时。,If this was a time of triumph for the many,it was a painful period for the few.,他坐在那儿注视着,觉得眼前的景象,既是始终如一,又是变化多端,既是光彩夺目,又是朦胧黑暗,既是庄严肃穆,又是轻松愉快。,He sat there and watched them,so changelessly,so changing,so bright and dark,so grave and gay.,几种翻译四字词组的常用方法。,一、将原文的四字词组译成英语的一个词,这些词主要是名词、形容词、副词、动词。一部分汉语四字词组译为英语时只需用一个英语单词替换就足以表达它的意思。例如:,这一切均在铁的事实面前,彻底破产,了。,But their slanders?have all been,exploded,in the face of hard facts.,这是走向,繁荣昌盛,的唯一道路。,This is the only road leading to,prosperity,.,虽然我们前面的道路崎岖不平,Although the road before us is rough.,使我国五亿多农民实行社会主义改造这样一种惊天动地的事业,不可能是在一种风平浪静的情况下出现的,Its impossible to carry in an at
展开阅读全文