Unit1Words(修改）

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Book 5 Unit 1,1. Characteristic n.,特征，特点,e.g. Punctuality is one of his characteristics.,adj.,独特的，典型的,be characteristic of,sb,/,sth,是,的特性,e.g. Bananas have their own characteristic smell.,Ex:,这里三月多风。,e.g. Windy days are characteristic of March here.,It is characteristic of,sb,to do,sth,做某事正像是某人的作风,e.g. It is characteristic of him to say that.,2. painter n. -paint v. -painting n.,画,oil painting,油画,a watercolor painting,水彩画,v. I painted the gate blue.,paint a person black,抹黑某人,e.g. He is not so black as he is painted.,他并没有传闻的那样坏。,3. put forward,put forward a plan / a suggestion / a proposal,提出计划,/,建议,/,提议,e.g. He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.,将,提前,Theyve put forward the date of their wedding by one week.,推荐,Can I put you forward for club secretary.,表示“提出”的短语还有：,come up ; come up with,e.g. The problem came up at the meeting.,Please come up with the problem at the meeting.,与,put,相关的短语：,put away / aside / down/ off/ on/ through / out/ up / up with,将,.,收起来,/,储存,/,写下,/,推迟,/,穿上，上演,/,接通，完成,/,举起，张贴，搭建,/,扑灭；忍受,Ex: Fill in the blanks:,The company was put _ in 2010.,The firemen put _ the fire at last.,She put _ some money in order to send her son to study abroad.,Please put _ the telephone,nember,.,A play will be put _ next week.,Put _ the coat as it is warmer now.,I cant put up _ him.,up,out,aside,down,on,off,with,4. scientific adj.- adv. scientificallyscience n.,科学,-scientist n.,科学家,scientific technology / research,科学技术,/,研究,natural science,自然科学,science fiction,科幻小说,medical science,医学,5. conclusion n.-conclude v.conclusive adj.,draw a conclusion,得出结论,=arrive at / come to / reach a conclusion,e.g. We will have a further discussion before we draw a conclusion.,make a conclusion,下结论,in conclusion,总之,=in a word ,all in all; in brief; in summary,e.g. In conclusion, Id like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.,conclude. v conclude,sth,from,sth,；,conclude from,sth,that,从,推断出,e.g. What can we conclude from this passage ?,I concluded from their words that they were against the plan.,conclude,sth,with,sth,conclude,sth,by doing,sth,以,结束,e.g. He concluded his class with a story.,7.,analyse,v.,分析,e.g. By,analysing,the parts of the sentence we can learn more about English grammar.,analysis n. ( pl. analyses),carry out / do an analysis,进行分析,e.g. When one faces difficulties, he / she keep calm and carry out a detailed analysis.,in the final analysis,总之，归根到底（放句首）,8. infectious adj.,e.g. Cholera is an infectious disease.,Flu is highly infectious.,有感染力的,e.g. Her joy was so infectious that he forgot his sadness.,infect,vt,. infect. with,把,传染给,； 用,感染,e.g. She infected the rest of the class with her enthusiasm.,be infected with,染上,Ex,：孩子们感染了这种病毒。,The children were infected with the virus.,infection n.,（不可数名词）,9. defeat,vt,.,击败,战胜，难住，使受挫,e.g. Our team defeated our opponents.,Ex:,缺钱使我的计划落空了。,Lack of money defeated my plan.,n.,失败，挫败,(,不可数）,e.g. Our baseball team has suffered another defeat.,区分：,beat,与,defeat,的宾语通常为人，表示击败对手，除了,用于竞争、比赛，,defeat,还可以用于战争，,beat,多用于竞争、比赛、辩论等。此外，,beat,还可以表示“（连续地）敲打，（心脏）跳动”。,e.g. Yesterday I defeated / beat John in the match.,win:,其宾语是比赛、战斗、奖品等，表示赢得胜利、比赛、奖品、奖金等，后面不能接人。,win the match / the first prize,赢得比赛,/,获得一等奖,Ex: 1,、你认为谁会赢得选美大赛？,2,、那位运动员击败了他的竞争对手，赢得金牌。,Who do you think will win the beauty contest?,The athlete defeated/ beat his competitors and won the gold medal.,10. expert n.,专家，能手,an agricultural expert,农业专家,an expert in psychology,心理学专家,an expert on ancient Greek history,古希腊史专家,be an expert at/ in / on (doing ),sth,是（做）某方面的专家,e.g. He is a well-known expert in finance.,Ex:,他是一名法国史方面的专家。,He is an expert on French history.,adj.,熟练的，有专门技术或知识的,an expert rider,熟练的骑手,an expert job,需要专门知识的工作,be expert in / at (doing),sth,是某方面的专家，擅长做某事,e.g. He is expert at / in cooking.,Ex:,她擅长唱流行歌曲。,She is expert in / at singing pop songs.,11. attend,vt,/ vi.,照看，看护,vi.,专心；处理,attend (to ),sb,照料某人,attend to,sth,专心于某事，处理某事,e.g. Which doctor is attending ( to ) you ?,e.g. Attend to your work and stop talking.,Ex:,我有一件重要的事情要处理。,I have an important matter to attend to .,attend school / classes,上学,attend church = go to church,去教堂做礼拜,attend a wedding / funeral / meeting,参加婚礼,/,葬礼,/,会议,attend,vt,.,参加，出席,e.g. She didnt attend school yesterday.,区分：,attend / join / join / take part in,attend,join,join in,take part in,参加会议、婚礼等，也可指上学、听讲座,加入某组织，团体或俱乐部,参加某项活动、聚会或讨论等，也可以搭配,join,sb,in doing,sth,参加群体性活动、会议、游行等，参加者在其中起一定的作用。,Ex:,用,attend , join , join in , take part in,的适当形式填空。,1. He will never forget the day when he _ the party.,2. Would you like to _ the sports meeting held next week ?,3. Did you _ their wedding yesterday ?,4. Come and _ our heated discussion.,joined,take part in,attend,join in,12. physician n.,surgeon n.,外科医生,dentist,牙医,physical adj.,物理的，身体的,physical health,身体健康,physical examination,身体检查,physically adv.,PE= physical education,13. expose v.,暴露，显露,expose . to,使,.,遭受；使,.,暴露于；,e.g. He didnt want to expose his fears to anyone.,Ex:,不要让婴儿受到强烈的阳光照射。,Dont expose babies to strong sunlight.,be exposed to,遭受,.,， 暴露于,.,e.g. He was exposed to the wind and rain.,vi. expose,sb,/,sth,as,揭露,.,（为,.,）,e.g. She was exposed as a big liar.,vt,.,使接触，使体验,expose,sb,to,sth,使某人接触,/,体验某物,e.g. Travelling abroad exposed children to different languages and cultures.,14. deadly adj.,e.g. This is a deadly poison.,以,ly,结尾的形容词：,weekly / monthly/ yearly/ friendly/ timely,dead adj.,死的（表示状态）,e.g. The poor man has been dead for three years.,adv.,完全地，绝对地,dead drunk,烂醉如泥,dead tired,筋疲力尽的，,dead asleep,酣睡,dead right,完全正确,die vi.,瞬间动词,e.g. He died last year.,短语：,die for / from / of / off /out/away,为,.,而死,/,死于（外因）,/,死于（内因）,/,相继死去,/,灭绝,/,渐弱,Ex:1. He died _ lung cancer last year.,2. He was regarded as a hero because he died _ his country.,3. Many species are dying _ because of pollution.,4. He died _falling down from a big tree.,5. Many people wonder why some animals die _.,6. After a while, the wind died _.,of,for,out,from,off,away,dying adj.,垂死的，快要消失的,e.g. She has to give up her job to look after her dying husband.,be dying for,极渴望,.,be dying to do,sth,极想做,.,e.g. We are dying for knowledge.,I am dying to visit Italy.,15. cure n.,治疗,a cure for .,的疗法,e.g. This is a new cure for SARS.,vt,.,治愈；,cure,sb,of,使某人从某种疾病中痊愈,e.g. No one can cure him of this disease.,与,cure,sb,of,sth,结构类似的短语还有：,remind,sb,of,sth,;,使某人想起某事,suspect,sb,of,sth,;,怀疑某人某事,rob,sb,of,sth,;,抢夺某人某物,warn,sb,of,sth,;,警告某人某事,accuse,sb,of,sth,;,控告某人某事,Ex:1,、这张照片是我想起了我的幸福童年。,2,、那个男人被指控谋杀。,3,、刚才一个男人抢夺了一位老妇人的手提包。,This photo reminds me of my happy childhood.,The man was accused of murder.,A man robbed an old lady of her handbag just now.,inform,sb,of,sth,;,通知某人某事,16. challenge n.,挑战,-challenger n.,挑战者,face a challenge,面临挑战,take up / accept a challenge,接受挑战,meet a challenge,迎接挑战,Ex:,她决定接受那个挑战。,She decided to accept the challenge.,Ex: Fill in the blanks with proper words.,There is _ challenge from Class Two. They want to challenge us _ a game of basketball, so we have to be ready to meet _ challenge next week.,a,to,the,vt,.,向,.,挑战,challenge,sb,to do,sth,向某人,挑战,做某事,challenge,sb,to,sth,向某人挑战某事,e.g. Mary challenged me to play another tennis game.,17. absorb,vt,.,吸收，吞并,absorb.into,把,.,吸进到,.,e.g. The cream is easily absorbed into the skin.,句子仿写：周围的小城镇已经并入这座城市。,The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.,v.,吸引，使专心，使全神贯注,absorb / attract / draw ones attention,e.g. The book absorbed her attention.,absorb oneself in (doing ),sth,= be absorbed in ( doing ),sth,e.g. The girl is absorbing herself in drawing.,=,The girl is absorbed in drawing.,注意：表示“全神贯注于”的短语还有：,put ones heart into; focus ones attention on; concentrate on; be buried in,e.g. Buried in his book, he didnt notice me enter the room.,18. suspect,vt,.,怀疑，认为， 猜想,suspect that .,怀疑,/,认为（尤指坏事可能属实发生）,suspect,sb,of ( doing ),sth,怀疑某人（做了） 某事,suspect,sth,/,sb,to be,认为,/,猜想某物,/,某人,.,e.g. The police suspected that Bill had stolen the car.,e.g. We all suspected the boy of having stolen the bike.,e.g. I suspect him to be the pickpocket.,n.,嫌疑犯；被怀疑者（可数）,e.g. The police questioned the suspect.,19. enquiry = inquiry n.,调查，询问,hold an enquiry into,sth,/,sb,对某事,/,某人进行调查,e.g. The committee began to hold an enquiry into the affair.,make enquiries of,sb,about,sth,向某人询问某事,e.g. I made enquiries about my lost umbrella in all stores I had visited.,n.,探索（不可数）； 问讯处,服务台（,pl ),v. enquire = inquire,询问，打听,enquire into,sth,调查某事,enquire,sth,of,sb,向某人打听某事,Ex:,警察在上个月调查了那件事情。,The police enquired into that matter last month.,20. severe adj.,严重的,-severely adv.,adj. suffer severe losses,蒙受严重的损失,a severe winter,严冬,severe weather conditions,恶劣的天气情况,a severe attack of toothache / headache,牙痛,/,头痛的剧烈发作,e.g. A severe attack of headache made him forget to tell the news to me.,adj.,严厉的，严格的,be severe with / on,sb,= be strict with,sb,对某人严格,Ex:,她的母亲对她非常严格。,Her mother is very severe with / on her.,21. foresee,vt,. -foreseeable adj.,可以预见的,foresee foresaw-foreseen,e.g. He could never foresee that one day his books would sell in millions.,注意：前缀,fore-,，放动词前表示“先于，预先”，放在名词前表示“在,的前部”,v. foretell,预言,forecast,预测，预报,n. forehead,前额,forearm,前臂,foresight,深谋远虑,foreword,前言,forefather,祖先,22. blame,vt,.,blame,sb,for (doing ),sth,因某事责备某人,blame,sth,on,sb,把某事归咎于某人,be to blame (for ).,e.g. She doesnt blame anyone for her fathers death.,=blame,sb,for,sth,e.g. Do you blame the accident on him ?,= Do you blame him for the accident ?,e.g. The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident.,n.,责任，责备,take / bear the blame for,sth,承担某事的责任,lay / put the blame for,sth,on,sb,e.g. We are ready to take the blame for what had happened.,e.g. He put / laid the blame for his failure in the exam on the teacher.,23. pollute v. pollution n. (,不可数）,-pollutant n.,污染物,air / water / noise pollution,environmental pollution,环境污染,24. handle n.,把手,e.g. The handle of my suitcase is broken.,vt,.,操纵，控制，处理,=deal with,e.g. He knows how to handle the machine.,Ex:,你能处理目前的情况吗？,e.g. Can you handle the present situation ?,25. link,vt,.,联系；连接起来,link A to / with B,将,A,与,B,联系,/,连接起来,e.g. The highway links Shanghai to / with Beijing.,be linked to,与,.,有联系,/,有关,e.g. Heart disease might be linked to smoking.,n.,联系，连接，关系,a link between A and B A,与,B,之间的联系,e.g. The police suspect there may be a link between Tom and the murder.,拓展：表示“将,和,连接起来”的表达还有：,connect to / with,e.g. First connect the printer to the computer.,“,与,有联系,/,有关” 也可以用：,be related to, be connected with, be associated with, have something to do with,e.g. She is connected with a noble family.,她是某名门贵族的亲戚。,Wealth is seldom related to happiness.,26. announce,vt,.,宣布，宣告,announce,sth,to,sb,= announce to,sb,sth,向某人宣布某事,e.g. The teacher announced to us the experiment result at the beginning of the first class.,announce to,sb,that ,宣布,e.g. We are pleased to announce that all five candidates were successful.,It is/ was announced that,据宣布,e.g. It has been officially announced that he will pay a second visit to China soon.,announcer n.,播音员，广播员,announcement n.,宣布，布告,make an announcement,发表公告,e.g. Attention, please ! I have an announcement to make.,27. certainty n.,（,pl. certainties)certain adj. -certainly adv.,adj. be certain of,Ex:,我确信他会成功。,I am certain of his success.,be certain that ,I am certain that he will succeed.,It is certain that .,是确实的,e.g. It is certain that the earth is round.,28. instruct,vt,.,命令，指示，教授,instruct,sb,in,sth,在某方面教授某人,e.g. She instructed me in the use of the telephone.,instruct,sb,to do,sth,指示,/,命令某人干某事,Ex:,那些男孩被指示在那里等。,Those boys were instructed to wait there.,instruct that,sb,( should ) do,sth,指示,/,命令某人做某事,e.g. Our teacher instructed that we should hand in our papers after class.,instruction n.,指示,instruction,s,n.,用法说明,instructive adj.,增长知识的,instructor n.,教练，导师,29. responsible adj.,be responsible for,对,.,负责,e.g. No one knows who should be responsible for it.,responsibility n.,a sense of responsibility,责任感,It is ones responsibility to do,sth,干某事是某人的职责,Ex:,保护环境，人人有责。,It is everyones responsibility to protect the environment.,30. construction n.,结构，建造,under construction,在建设中,e.g. The new railway is still under construction.,类似结构：,under discussion,在讨论中,under control,在控制中,construct v. -constructive adj.,31. contribute v.,contribute,sth,to,sth,把,捐献给,.,， 捐助,给,e.g. We contributed $5,000 to the earthquake fund.,contribute to,给,投稿,e.g. He regularly contributes to the magazine.,contribute to,有助于；是,.,原因之一（,to,用作介词）,e.g.Fresh,air and exercise contribute to good health.,Ex:,吸烟是导致肺癌的一个因素吗？,Does smoking contribute to lung cancer ?,contribution n.,可数名词,(,可用,great, small,修饰）,make a contribution/ contributions to,对,.,做出贡献,Ex:,他对科学技术的发展做出了巨大的贡献。,He made great contributions to the development of scientific technology.,32. apart from = aside from,除了,.,外,(,还）， 相当于,in addition to , besides,或,as well as,e.g. Apart from English, he had to learn a second foreign language while in college.,除了,.,外（都），相当于,except,或,but,I hardly know anyone in the village apart from you.,33. creative adj. -crea,te,v. -creation n. creat,or,n.,创造者,34. positive adj. be positive about,对,是乐观的,e.g. She tried to be more positive about her new job.,positively adv.,反义词：,negative adj.,消极的,35. be strict with sb in sth,Ex:,父母总是在学习方面对我严格要求。,My parents are always strict with me in study.,有,be+adj+with,构成的短语还有：,be pleased / content /satisfied with,对,.,感到满意,;,be angry with sb,生某人的气,strictly adv.,strictly speaking,严格地说（放句首）,36. make sense,讲得通，有道理，有意义,e.g. This sentence makes no sense.,Ex:,他说的话总有道理。,e.g. What he says always makes sense.,It makes sense to do,sth,做某事是明智的,e.g. It makes good sense to take care of yourself.,make sense of,sth,理解，弄懂（用人做主语）,e.g. I cant make sense of the poem.,There is no sense / point,（,in,）,doing,sth,干某事没有意义,Ex:,为这件事情和他争吵毫无意义。,There is no sense / point in arguing with him about it.,in a sense,从某种意义上说,=in some senses,e.g. You are right in a sense.,in no sense,绝不（放在句首句子需要倒装）,e.g. In no sense is the conclusion scientific.,common sense,常识,37. backward adv.,向后地，倒退,backward and forward,来回地，前后地,e.g. After supper, he likes walking backward and forward on the playground.,adj.,向后的，倒退的，落后的,e.g. He took a backward step and ran away.,注意：后缀,-ward(s),的含义为,“,向,.,的方向,”,，构成副词时，词尾可加,-s,也可不加；构成形容词时，词尾通常不加,-s,forwards, forward;,inwards, inward;,outwards, outward;,downwards, downward;,upwards, upward;,38. privately adv. -private adj.,private cars,私家车,39. brightness n. -bright adj . -brightly adv.-brighten vt.,40. enthusiastic adj.-enthusiast n.,热心者,-enthusiasm n.,热情（不可数）,adj . be enthusiastic about sth,对某事热心,/,感兴趣,e.g. Tom is enthusiastic about this plan.,Ex:,他热心帮助他人。,He is enthusiastic about helping others.,n. with enthusiasm (=enthusiastically ),热衷地，疯狂地,e.g. The proposal was greeted with great ethusiasm.,41. cautious adj. -cautiously adv. -caution n.,be cautious about,对,.,小心谨慎,e.g. She is always cautious about giving her address to strangers.,with caution,谨慎地,e.g. Dad always drives with caution.,42. reject vt.-rejection n.,reject sth,拒绝某事,;,reject doing sth,拒绝做某事,e.g. She rejected my gift.,Ex:,这个男孩拒绝告诉我们实情。,The boy rejected telling us the truth.,