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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,解题思路与技巧探究及运用,完形填空,My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling _,36,_， but I always knew he was _,37,_. He,never criticized,us,but,used _,38,_ to bring out our best. Hed say,“If you pour water on flowers, they flourish. If you dont give them water, they die.”,36. A. biologist B. manager,C. lawyer,D. gardener,37. A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned,38. A. praise B. courage C. power D. warmth,I _,39,_as a child I said something _,40,_ about somebody, and father said,“_,41,_ time you say something,unpleasant,about somebody else, its a reflection of you.” He explained that I looked for the best _,42,_ people, I would get the best _,43,_.,39. A. think B. imagine C. remember D. guess,40. A. unnecessary B. unkind,C. unimportant D. unusual,41. A. Another B. Some C. Any D. Other,42. A. on B. in C. at D. about,43. A. in case B. by turns C. by chance D. in return,From then on Ive always tried to _,44,_ the principle in my life and later in running my company,44. A. revise B. set C. review D. follow,Dads also always been very _,45,_.,At 15, I started a magazine.,It was _,46,_ a great deal of time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a _,47,_:,stay,in school,or leave,to work on my magazine.,45.,A. understanding,B. experienced,C. serious D. demanding,46. A. taking up B. making up,C. picking up D. keeping up,47. A. suggestion B. decision,C. notice D. choice,I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my decision, _,48,_ any good father would. When he realized I had made up my mind, he said,“Richard, when I was 23,my dad _49_ me to go into law,.,And Ive _,50,_ regretted it.,I wanted to be a biologist, _51_ I didnt purse my _52_.,48. A. and B. as C. even if D. as if,49. A. helped B. allowed C. persuaded D. suggested,50. A. always B. never C. seldom D. almost,51. A. rather B. but C. for D. therefore,52. A. promise B. task C. belief D. dream,You know what you want. Go fulfill it.”,As _,53,_ turned out, my,little publication,went on to become,Student,a nation _,54,_ for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children, and Id like to think we are,bringing them up,in the,same,way Dad _,55,_ me.,53. A. this B. he C. it D. that,54. A. newspaper,B. magazine,C. program D. project,55. A. controlled D. comforted C. reminded D. raised,一 完形填空考什么？,(一)词法及词义辨析,(二) 固定短语搭配,(三) 上下文逻辑关系,(四) 文化背景及生活常识,(46,47,48,49,52等）,（44等）,（36，37，40，43，,45，47，54，55，等）,(五),考查综合运用语言的能力,：,词语辨析能力,语法结构分析能力,语篇理解能力,逻辑推理能力,文化背景透析能力,作者意图剖析能力,生活常识综合运用能力,二 当前完形填空的特点,突出语篇，强调应用，注重语境,辨析词意，以实词为主,题材多为记叙文，叙议结合。第一 句不设空,短文长度一般在250-300之间。首句不设空，,空间距,一般在5-15词之间，总设空20。选文内容逻辑性强，文章结构严谨，层次分明，有一个完整的故事情节。有,记叙文，议论文，说明文，夹叙夹议文,。选项以情景意义选择为主，语法选择填空极少。所给选项一般为同一词类，或属同一范畴，以实词为主，虚词为辅；单词为主，词组或短语为辅,。,三，完型填空的能力目标要求,牢固、扎实、熟练的英语语法知识和丰富的英语词汇知识。,英语阅读理解能力，良好的阅读习惯，熟练的阅读技巧。,分析认识文章结构，理解领会文章各部分、各层次之间逻辑关系的能力,。,逻辑思维能力。特别是总结概括、推理判断和分析归纳的能力。包括情景推理判断、常识推理判断、逆向推理判断及比较推理判断等。,扎实的英语词汇、短语、惯用法等英语固定搭配的知识。特别是英语词汇意义和用法的辨析能力。,在阅读中捕捉记忆相关信息的能力。,四 完形填空的解题思路,总则：,在把握整体的基础上对 句子内部的情况进行分析,跳过空格，通读全文， 把握大意,再读全文，反复检查,结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案,瞻前顾后，先易后难， 个个击破,完型填空,侧重于考查学生的逻辑思维能力和对具体语境的把握，尤其是对整体语义的理解能力。它要求考生不但要有比较扎实的语言知识，较大的词汇量，而且要具有一定的语篇分析能力及逻辑思维能力。要做好这种题型，考生除了必备的语言基础知识和基本技能之外，还应了解其命题特点，掌握一定的解题技巧。 做完形填空时要注意文章开头提示句的点题作用和短文中完整句的启示作用。首先要快速浏览全文，弄清各段落之间，各层次之间的内在联系，把握文章的完整性。只有这样才符合这种题型的解题思路。,五 完型填空解题技巧,(一) 通览全文，重视首句，把握主旨,完形填空的首句，往往 为文章的引子，要认真体会首句所包含的的深刻含义及所提示的信息，预测文章的背景及情节的发生、发展、高潮和结局；有些文章的首句，就是文章的主旨所在，透彻理解完形填空的首句，也就抓治了文章的主题。,(二) 根据语境，寻找信息词汇,找准定位词,完形题填空给了我们丰富的上下文语境，这些上下文是相互影响、相互印证的，充分利用上下文的相互作用可以进行有根据的推断，从而大大提高解题的正确率。,每选一个选项，考生都要考虑到选项所在的句子与上下文有没有必的联系，切不可由于错选而使选项所在的句子成了与上下文毫无联系的闲句。,(三) 扎实基础,辨析词义及搭配，准确用词,(四) 合理推断，正确选用逻辑词汇,文章的逻辑关系可以通过连词、副词等体现出来。利用逻辑词汇所表达的并列、因果、条件、让步、递进等关系，可以推断完形体内空所需要的未知信息,(五) 借助语法分析，选择最佳选项,(六),重读全文，斟酌修改，调整答案,重读全文，着重看全片内容是否完整、连贯，语言是否通顺、准确，将不合题意的答案进行调整，尽可能的避免在解题过程中出现“断章取义”的误选。,1.看清上下文，,寻找信息词汇,找准定位词,根据上下文语境来确定最佳选项近年来的完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越淡化语法结构，重在文意的干扰，即把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，,快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文,的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。,充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句,。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。,六： 完形填空解题技巧及运用,例如：,1) Some parts of the water are very shallow.,But in some places it is very .,A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous,根据转折连词but的提示，所填入的词应与,shallow相反，因此答案为A。,2) Mrs ONeill askedquestions and she didnt scold us either.,A. no B. certain C. many D. more,and是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。,例1：,I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was,1,and the same time feeling lonely. Worse still, Dad,2,a step and fell, sending my new suitcase,3,down the stairs.1. A. helpless B. lazy,C. anxious D. tired2. A. took B. minded,C. missed D. picked3. A. rolling B. passing,C. dropping D. turning,D. tired,C. missed,A. rolling,例2:,But Ella Fant, who was filed with,1, shouted at the top of her voice, Look at,2, Theyre all out of,3,except my John Isnt he the best1. A. sadness B. happiness,C. surprise D. regret2. A. them B. those,C. that D. him3. A. sight B. order,C. mind D. step,B. happiness,A. them,D. step,例3,. Every Thursday afternoon, my,art history class,meets not in our usual lecture hall but in our university,Art,Museum,. We spend our one-hour class discussing two or three of the,1, many of which are by artists that we have already studied in class.,1. A. subjects B. paintings,C. speeches D. lectures,The professor begins by selecting one,2,of art. After giving us a quick background on the artist , he will open up for class,3,.,2. A. book B. passage,C. text D. work,3. A. discussion B. activity,C. argument D. consideration,Everyone is encouraged to give,4,on the work. Not every piece we study is,5,famous or striking in appearance and subject matter, yet we always manage to make some interesting observations.,4. A. questions B. ideas,C. comments D. thoughts,5. A. necessarily B. rather,C. nearly D. too,2. 寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系,It has been many years since I was last in LondonI still remember something that happened during that visit.,A. and B. for C. but D. as,分析: 根据句前的many years和句后的still remember答案应选表示转折的连词but.,C. but,连接词,They are some of the poorest people,in a poverty stricken country.,_,now they have an extra source of,income (收入).,A. But B. And,C. However D. Therefore,A. But,English people seem very quiet _,reserved (缄默的), usually.,A. though B. and C. even D. but,It was just getting dark; there was,a touch of fog and I was on a lonely,stretch of road.,_,I was going,along cheerfully.,A. But B. And,C. Otherwise D. So,B. and,A. But,.I raised the pistol and fired. The,animal fell backwards with an angry cry.,Father took the,_,smoking pistol,from my hand , and fired another shot,which killed the gorilla.,A. still B. yet C. even D. already,副词,He certainly looked the part all,right, he thought as he admired himself,in the mirror. He,_,thought of,going out into the street to see whether,he could pass as a policeman out,there.,A. just B. even,C. still D. already,The shop had to agree. They knew that no fire on earth can,_,damage a perfect diamond.,A. almost B. even C. just D. ever,.At times, he would turn, sit down , and,_,go on his knees.,A. almost B. even,C. often D. rather,Students generally appreciate ( 认可 ) these,special,50,opportunities (机会) . They are,almost always fun and interesting , and,professors,51,them too because students,learn so much in just a few short months.,50. A. working B, living,C. teaching D. learning,51. A. hold B. like,C. dislike D. discover,逻辑推理,关联词的重要性,No one denies the,1,of classroom learning.,But,it can only take the students this,2,. Slides and textbooks may do a good job of carrying facts and details,but,creativity of thought cannot be,3,. They can only be developed through,4,experience.,1. A. deed B. value C. effect D. success,2. A. far B. long C. way D. direction,3. A. got B, found C. taught D. practiced,4. A. self-educated B. self -service,C. first-hand D. up -to -date,3.,扎实基础,辨析词义及搭配，准确用词,注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名,词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选,择正确的短语。例如：,1) Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped,himselfso much money.,A. for B. by C. to D. of,表示“自取，随便拿”这个意义的短语是help oneself to,故答案为C,2)And video cameras can be used to,peoples actions at home.,A. keep B. make C. record D. watch,句中动作的发出者是video cameras因此答案是C，意思是“记录”。,Soon I heard alike that of a door burst in,and then a climb of feet.,A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout,选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音，但B，C，D项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound则表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是A。,根据词语的习惯用法和固定搭配来选择答案词的固定搭配，特别是动词的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例也是比较大的，多数题目涉及到动词的用法和各种搭配关系，这是由动词在句子中的重要性决定的。动词在搭配关系上与名词、介词、副词的用法紧密相关。解决这类题目要求考生多读、多记，对所学习语或固定搭配牢固掌握，并能灵活运用。,例1：（NMET1992）Mrs. Clark was,38,tea at the time.38. A. cooking B. making,C. burning D. serving,B. making,例2: The other day I was sitting in a small restaurant,1,a quiet drink and a talk with a few friends when it suddenly,2,me that almost everyone in the restaurant was smoking. It wasnt long,3,the whole room was filled with smoke.,1. A. have B. had C. having D. have had,2. A. seemed B. struck C. sank D. showed,3. A. ago B. after C. before D. now,C. having,B. struck,C. before,根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义从而确定答案要做好这种题目，必须尽量将词语辨析与情节推理和逻辑推理结合起来，从词汇意义入手，抓住情节线索解决问题。,例1：,Dad taught me a lot about life, especially its hard times.I remembered one of his,1, one night when I was ready to quit (退出) a political campaign（运动）I was losing, and wrote about it in my diary.Tired, feeling the months of,2, I went up to my study to make some notes.1. A. classesB. advice,C. lessons D. talks2. A. struggle B. working,C. battle D. defence,C. lessons,A. struggle,例2：She noticed how nervous he was and suggested he should stand near the stage where he could watch and follow the play.,It was a good,1,of getting rid of his nervousness, she said. She was right, it seemed to,2,.,A. idea B. way C. path D. plan,A. do B. win C. work D. act,B. way,C. work,4.,了解生活常识，确定相关知识,根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理,完形填空往往以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，其间交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识和生活常识，考查考生灵活运用该方面知识的能力。解决这类题目，考生不仅要有广博的知识、丰富的生活经历，还要能够驾驭全文，不仅理解文章的表层意义，而且要弄清文章的深层意义。,当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来帮助判断。,例1,：,It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their,1,. This was the beginning of another,2,day in New York City.1. A. jobs B. homes,C. buses D. offices2. A. working B. hot,C. same D. ordinary,A. jobs,D. ordinary,例2：（NMET1998）Every morning she would give him breakfast,29,bed and bring him the papers to,30,.29. A. to B. at C. in D. by30. A. checkB. read C. keep D. sign,例3.(Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital.,A. animal B. biggestC. plant D. nearest,在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为D。,C. in,B. read,2、语法结构方面,对语法结构的考查集中在1）虚拟语气； 2）定语从句（连接词，限定与非限定定语从句的区别，定语从句与其它主从复合句的区别）； 3）状语从句； 4）非谓语动词(动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词，动名词)；5）主谓搭配一致 (时态，语态，语气，人称，数)； 6）并列句，省略句，倒装句及割裂的复杂句子 ；7) 逻辑主语(主要是非谓语动词的逻辑主语)，在句法上不是主谓关系，但在语义上为施动者与动作的关系；8)词类之间的搭配要求，如名词需要形容词，名词，冠词，非谓语动词，词组及定语从句修饰；动词需要副词词组修饰；及物动词后应加宾语等。做这一类题除了要有系统准确的语法知识之外，还要注意上下文的逻辑关系和语篇内容，这样才能确保答案的正确。,(1) For example,if consumers buy only small,cars,manufactures will keep on making_If consumers buy only large automobiles, manufacturers will make these instead. Sometimes,the quality of the service that is available will decide which cars are bought,A.which B.it C. ones D.them,(2) Of course he did not understand a thing,but he nodded his head as_he.,A.did B.had C.understood D.could,(3)The strange Dr had been loved by someone:he had given his life,as Charley _, for a cause he believed right.,A./ B.had been C.had D.had done,分析选them，代替cars。,分析,选,did,，,代替,understood,分析选had,代替had given his life。,(4) A philosopher said that we have no right to oppose a position until we can state that position in a way that fully satisfies those who hold; until,indeed,we can make out a better case for it than the proponent himself_.,A.can do B.may C.do D.can,分析,:,填,can,，,是前边,can make out a better casefor it,的省略。,三、解此类题主要从以下四步做起：,第一步,重视首句，把握开篇。完形填空一般无标题，首句一般不留空白，是完整的一句，全文信息从此开始。细读首句，可判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨。,第二步,速读全文，掌握大意。速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去。读时要注意找出关键词、中心词，划出某些代表人物和情节的词，以便于形成思路。要注意不要在未掌握大意的基础上，边阅读，边做题，这样速度慢、准确率低。,第三步,瞻前顾后，灵活答题。“瞻前顾后”，即先读所填词的句子，回顾上一句，兼顾下一句。如果一句中有两个空白待填，在初定答案时要“双管齐下”，在两处同时试填，然后通读全句，确定答案。答题方法：1）择优法：根据文章及结构边读边填，如果能够立刻判定最佳答案的，不必再去逐个考证其余答案。2）排除法：如答案一时难以确定，可按空格位置，从语法结构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析等方面，对选项逐项分析试填。排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。,第四步,复核全文，调整答案。把填好的短文通读一遍，进行核查同时注意以下三点： 1上下文的一致性：即时态语态的一致；代词、名词、单复数的一致。 2从语法和惯用法及习惯搭配、甚至语感入手，看是否符合上下文的逻辑。 3段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。 这次复核至关重要，常能纠正一两处甚至多处错误。同时对极难确定的答案，也要凭语感任猜一个，决不可不选。,解题误区,做完形填空时，除了依据所学语言知识和解题技巧外，还应避免几个误区。,1、单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量的效率。2、时间安排不当，在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。正确的做法是由易到难，先做会,做题三忌：,急于求成，未通读全文便忙于答题，不了解文意，无整体概念边读边填，两眼忙于空白与选项之间，欲速则不达。,只抠字眼，语法，不顾文意，抓不住关键。,断章取义，就题论题，不管前后联系，互不照应，前后矛盾。,Practice,2008高考试题英语（湖北卷完形填空部分）,On a warm Monday, Jenny Neilson bought a sandwich and parked her car under some trees. Rolling down the windows to,41,in fresh air, she settled back to enjoy her lunch. Suddenly she,42,a big,bald,（秃顶的）man running through the parking lot. Before she came to,43,what would happen, the man was there, shouting through her window, “Get out!”,Neilson,44.,Pulling open her door, the man seized her,45,the neck and hair, and threw her out of the car onto the ground. She screamed,46,her purse and the keys.,Two reporters of the local newspaper, Robert Bruce and Jeff Jackson, just outside their office building on a,47, heard the screams and began running .,When they,48,Neilsons car, the attacker had jumped into the drivers seat and was,49,searching for the,keys. Bruce opened the door, and he and Jackson dragged the man out. The attacker,50,back. But even in his cornered panic, he was no,51,for the two athletic men.,Reggie Miller, a worker of the local newspaper, heard the screams, too. He rushed back to the office to,52,the police, and then ran back with some plastic ropes used to tie up newspapers.,With his arms,53,tight behind him, the prisoner looked up and said,54, “I hope you guys feel good about yourselves you just caught one of the most wanted men.” They,55,him and waited for the police.,Later, Bruce and Jackson were shocked to learn the man was the,56,carjacker,（劫车者）and suspected murderer, whose,57, but with a full head of hair had been recently printed in their own newspaper.,Neilson considers herself lucky,58,she suffered injuries. She believes the story might have had a,59,ending if those good people had not come to her aid. “Unfortunately,” she said, “many people would,60,have done what they did, and that the real truth.”,41. A. bring B. letC. gatherD. send,42. A. recognizedB. watchedC. noticed D. met,43. A. realize B. understand,C. imagine D. conclude,44. A. escaped B. struggledC. refused D. obeyed,45. A. by B. around C. with D. on,46. A. burying B. forgetting C. offering D. grabbing,47. A. trip B. visitC. breakD. holiday,48. A. startedB. stoppedC. enteredD. reached,49. A. carefullyB. madly C. disappointedly D. patiently,50. A. fought B. turned C. jumped D. shouted,51. A. matchB. target C. equalD. companion,52. A. remindB. phoneC. invite D. beg,53. A. rolledB. foldedC. bentD. tied,54. A. angrily B. kindly C. coldly D. warmly,55. A. caught B. thanked C. comforted D. ignored,56. A. ordinary B. professional,C. honest D. outstanding,57. A. picture B. background,C. characterD. story,58. A. and B. but C. though D. when,59. A. ridiculous B. similar,C. strange D. different,60. A. sometimesB. never C. oftenD. forever,答案:,41.BCACA 46.DCDBA,51ABDCD 56.BACDB,1 要重视文章首句,2 注重语篇与逻辑,3 字里行间找信息 个别填空借常识,4 注意设身处地 身临其境 把自己当主角,5 复读反思再核,6 多读原汁原味英文 培养语言感觉,反思,：,Thank you,
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