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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit2,ENGLISH,AROUND THE WORLD,(Period 1),Lets discover more about English!,Statue of Liberty,Big,Ben,warming up,pre-reading,How long have you learnt English?,Small survey,Guess the national flags of different countries, and find out the languages spoken in these countries.,Great Britain,Australia,Canada,India,Ireland,New,Zealand,South Africa,The U.S.A.,Singapore,English speaking countries,U.K.,U.S.A.,Canada,Australia,New Zealand,Ireland,Reading,Do all the English speakers only speak one kind of English?,Five kinds of English in the world,Canadian English,British English,American English,Australian English,Indian English,British English & American English,the ground floor the first floor,the first floor the second floor,the second floor the third floor,the third floor the forth floor,apartment,subway,elevator,eraser,mom,gas,lift,petrol,rubber,mum,flat,underground,Am.E V.S. Br.E,Main differences,Br.E,Am.E,spelling,pronunciation,vocabulary,colour,color,metre,meter,travelled,traveled,autumn,fall,post,mail,petrol,gas,film,movie,shop,store,I think,I guess,dance; not; neither; either;,Questions:,With your partner, list the countries that use English as an official language.,Which country do you think has the most English learners?,Look at the title of the following passage and guess what it is about. Then read it quickly and see if you are right.,Pre-reading,Suggested answer:,1. America, Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand,Singapore, Philippines, India,2. For those that speak English as their first language the,USA or India must have the largest number of native,speakers as they have the largest populations. For those,who learn English as their first foreign language China,must have the largest number as it has the largest,population.,The road to modern English,The road,Modern English,the development of English,language,What kind of English,before Modern English?,3. Guess according to the title.,Main ideas,Para. 1:,Para. 2:,Para. 3:,Para. 4:,More and more people speak English.,The,first sentence,in paragraph Two.,The,second sentence,in paragraph Three.,The number of the English speaking,people is increasing .,The road to modern English,AD 450-1150,The English was spoken in England. It was based more on,_,_,_,_than the English we speak at present.,AD 800-1150,Because the people who _ England spoke first Danish and later French, English became _ like German.,In the 1600s,_ made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.,In 1620,Some British settlers moved to _.,In the 18th century,Some British people were taken to _.,1765-1947,English was spoken in India as well as in Africa and Asia. It became the language for _ and education in India.,By the 19th century,The English language was settled. Two big changes:,Samuel Johnson wrote his _.,Noah Webster wrote _ and gave a separate identity to _ English spelling,.,Now,English is spoken in _, _, _, _ _and so on.,German,ruled,less,American,Australia,American,The American Dictionary of the English Language,dictionary,government,Singapore,China,Malaysia,India,Shakespeare,South Africa,Unit 2,Language points,for,reading,1.at the end of,2.nearly all of them,3.make voyages to,4.because of.,5.than ever before,6.native language,first language,mother tongue,7.even if/even though,8.the same kind of,e up,municate with,在,的尽头，在,末尾,几乎他们全部都,航海,因为,比以往任何时候都,母语,即使,相同种类的,走近，上来，提出,和,交流,11.at first,12.be different from,13.be based on,14.more than,15.at present,16.be able to,17.make use of,18.a number of,19.the number of,20.in fact,首先，起初,和,不同,以,为基础,多于，超过,目前，现在,能,利用,许多，大量,的数量,actually,事实上，实际上,1. Nearly all of them lived in England.,nearly,与,almost,用法明辨：,(1),在肯定句中,两者可通用,He is almost/ nearly 80 years old.,She fell and almost /nearly broke her neck.,I almost/ nearly always go to bed at eleven.,(,2),almost,可用在一些含否定意义的词前面，如,none,，,nobody,，,nothing,，,never,，,no one,等，表示“几乎或简直,(,没有,)”,，而,nearly,不能。,He has almost nothing to do today.,There is almost none left.,（,3,）只用,nearly,的场合。,a.,被,very, not, pretty,等修饰时。,b.,和具体数字连用时（,nearly,常用）。,Nearly 100 students attended the meeting.,I am very nearly ready.,nearly,or,almost,1,他们中间几乎没有一个人有小汽车。,_ none of them has a car,2,他们吃晚饭几乎总是喝咖啡。,They _ always have coffee for,supper,3,这远远不像你所想的那么容易。,It is not _ so easy as you think,4,几乎没有人出席会议。,_ nobody attended the meeting,5,我以前几乎从未看见过她。,I have _ never seen her before,Almost,almost,nearly,nearly,Almost,almost,2.because & because of,因为你的关心，我发现生活充满了希望。,1,）,Because you are concerned about me, I find that life is full of hope.,2,）,Because of your concern, I find that life is full of hope.,因为雨下得很大，那个男孩穿过树林回家了。,1,）,Because,it rained heavily, the boy went back home through the woods.,2,）,Because of the heavy rain, the boy went back home through the woods.,3. than ever before,比以往任何时候更,than ever before,副词,ever,与比较级和最高级连用，用来加强语气，意为“比以往任何时候更,”,。,Youll speak English better,than ever before.,Jane looks much prettier,than ever before.,4. Native English speaker can understand each other,even if,they dont speak the same kind of English.,even if =even though “,即使”，用来引导一个让步状语从句，后面既可以用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，但是,even if / though,引导的从句不用将来时。,Even if it,rains,tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing.,用,if, as if, even if,填空,（,1,）,_ I had money, I wouldnt buy it.,(2) _ I had money, I would buy it.,(3) It looks _ it is going to rain.,(even if,引导让步状语从句；,if,引导条件状语从句；,as if/ though “,似乎是,”,引导方式状语从句。,as if,even if,If,. A child,came up to me,and showed me the,way to the station.,. The sky was dark blue and clear when the,moon,came up,.,. Your question,came up,at the meeting.,5.Would you please,come up to,my flat for a,visit?,走近，上来,升起,被提出讨论,1) Shes busy at present and cant speak to you.,她现在很忙，不能跟你谈话。,目前你是,13,中的学生。,6.at present:,2) At present you are a student of No.13,middle school.,7.,present,:,1) adj.,当前的,现在的,(,作前置定语,),Did you see the present national leaders?,Can you tell us something about the present situation?,2) adj.,出席的,在场的,(,作表语或后置定语,),Our teacher was present at the meeting.,Al the people present agree to my plan.,3) n.,目前,现在,;,礼物,I cant spare time because I am busy at present.,What present did you receive from your parents?,4),vt.,赠与,赠给予,present sth. to / with sb,Mother presented a gift to me just now.,8. such as & for example,such as,（,T or F,）,I have three good friends, such as John, Jack and Tom.,for example,:,He can speak four languages such as English and French.,Ball games, for example, have spread around the world.,用,such as, for example, namely,填空,(1),Students , _ Tom and Mary, should,be learnt from .,(2),Ballgames,forexample,havespreadaround,theworld.,(3),He knows six languages, _,Chinese French, English, Spanish, Russian,and Portuguese.,such as,namely,9. the number of / a number of,the number of,“,.,的数目,“,，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用单数。,The number of undergraduates,has,increased over the years.,The number of people has reached 50.,a number of,许多 大量 后接复数名词，此短语加复数名词在句中做主语时，谓语动词用复数。,（,a great number of / a large number of / a,small number of,）,A number of teachers,are,on leave.,There are a number of students in the picture.,The number of people invited_,fifty, but a number of them _absent,for different reasons.,A . were; was B. was; was,C. was ; were D. were; were,通向现代英语之路,16,世纪末期大约有,5,百万到,7,百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来，在,17,世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。,以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子： 英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓（,flat,）里来看看，好吗？” 美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓（,apartment,）去。”,那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展，有所变化。首先，在公元,450,年到,1150,年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。然后，渐渐地，大约在公元,800,年到,1150,年期间，英语不那么像德语了。因为那时的英国的统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。这些新的定居者大大丰富了英语语言，特别是在词汇方面。所以到,17,世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。在,1620,年，一些英国人搬迁到美洲定居。后来，到了,18,世纪，有些英国人也被送往澳大利亚，两个国家的人都开始说英语了。,最后，到,19,世纪，英语才真正定形。那时，英语在拼写上发生了两大变化：首先，塞缪尔,约翰逊编写了词典，后来，诺厄,韦伯斯特编纂了,美国英语词典,，后者体现了美国英语拼写的不同特色。 现在，英语在南亚也被当作外语或第二语言来说。比如说，印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的人，这是因为英国于,1765,年到,1947,年统治过印度。在那期间，英语成了官方语言和教育用语。在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲其它国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。目前在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。事实上，中国可能拥有世界上最多的英语学习者。中国英语会发展出自己的特色吗？这只能由时间来回答了,。,译文,1.petrol,2.voyage,3.gradually,4.frequently,5.identity,6.the latter,7.actually,8.fluent,A. who or what sb. or sth. is,B. a word for gas in British English,C. not sudden,D. in fact,E. the second of two thing or people already mengtioned,F. often,G. long trip by sea or in space,H. able to speak or write a language well,B,G,C,F,A,E,D,H,Ex.1:,Ex.2:,It is not easy for Chinese person to speak English as,as a,English speaker. One reason is that English has a large,. It also has different usage in different English speaking countries. If you use “flat” instead of,“ ”,people in American will know you have learned British English. If you use the word,“ ”,instead of “lift” in Britain, people will know you have studied American English.,fluently,native,vocabulary,apartment,elevator,come up,such as,At present,Because of,make use of,English around the world,Using language,Unit 2,Standard English and Dialects,standard,标准,规格,dialect,方言,southern,南部的,midwestern,中西部的,Spanish,西班牙的,play a part,扮演一个角色,eastern,东部的,northwestern,西北方的,recognize,辨认出,认出,New words,1.Whats the standard English?,what is the dialect,？,Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is,standard English,.,When people used words and expressions different from,the “,standard,language”, it is called a,dialect,.,2.What plays a part in making dialects.,People from different parts of the world and geography also plays a part in making dialects.,1.Whats,standard,English?,什么是标准英语,?,standard,(,n,.,),标准,规格,(,adj,.,),标准的,meet standard,符合标准,standard of living,生活水平,on a standard,根据某一标准,focus,2.,Believe it or not,theres no such a,thing as standard English.,信不信由你,世界上没有所谓的标准英语,。,believe it or not,信不信由你,Believe it or not,all the people have agreed to the plan.,focus,3. However, even on TV and the radio you will hear differences,in the way people speak,.,然而,甚至在电视上或收音机里都会听到人们在说话时的差异。,the way,后面接定语从句时,关系代词用,that/in which,或不用关系代词。,I did it,in the way,that/in which,you taught me.,focus,I dont like_ you speak to her.,A. the way,B. the way in that,C. the way which,D. the way of which,4. America English has many dialects,especially,the midwestern, southern, African American and Spanish dialects.,美国英语有很多方言,尤其是在中西部,南部,黑人和西班牙方言。,5. Geography also,plays a part,in making,dialects.,地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。,play a (,adj,.,) part,扮演,角色,起,作用,She,play a leading part,in the play.,6.Although many America move a lot,they still,recognize,each others dialects.,虽然许多美国人经常搬家,但他们,仍然能够辨认彼此的方言。,recognize,辨认,认出,(pick out),recognize sth./sb. as sth./sb.,把,认作,Drugs were not,recognized as,a problem then.,Using Language,标准英语和方言,什么是标准英语？是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所说的英语吗？信不信由你，（世界上）没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的就是标准英语，这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们在说话时的差异。,当人们用不同于“标准语言”的词语时，那就叫做方言。美国英语有许多方言，特别是中西部和南部地区的方言，以及黑人和西班牙人的方言。在美国有些地区，即使是相邻城镇的两个人所说的语言都可能稍有不同。美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人是来自世界各地的缘故。,地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言随着带去了。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。美国是一个使用多种方言的大国。虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。,译文,Command and Request,Grammar,Wash the clothes!,Please wash the,clothes!,Would you please wash,the clothes?,not,polite,polite,very,polite,Please change the direct speechinto indirect speech,1. He said, “Im going to Beijing tomorrow.,He said he was going to Beijing the next day.,2. “What a lovely girl!” they said.,They said she was a lovely girl.,Test ourselves,3. He asked, “Are you a teacher?”,4. “This is the craziest thing I have heard of so far,” she thought.,He asked me if I was a teacher.,She thought that was the craziest thing,she had heard of so far.,5. Mr Wang said, “I was born in China in September, 1972.”,6. She said, “They had left when I arrived there.”,Mr. Wang said he was born in China in September, 1972.,She said they had left when she arrived there.,7. She says, “Liu Fang is good at English.”,She says Liu Fang is good at English.,8. He said, “The plane takes off at 6:30 am.”,He said the plane takes off at 6:30 am.,9. He said, “Where there is a will, the is a way.”,10. “ How much do you think it will cost?” he said.,He said where there is a will, there is a way.,He asked me how much I thought it would cost.,Open your books.,Please open your books.,Can you open your books please?,Could / would you please open you books?,command,request (polite),request (polite),request (polite),Request and command,Change the commands into,requests.,Close the door!,Get me something to drink,Take the dog for a walk!,Speak louder!,Clean your room.,Watch out!,Keep silent!,“Open the window,”the teacher said to the students .,(command),The teacher,told,the students,to,open the window.,Change a command into,an Indirect Speech,.,told sb. to do sth.,“Dont open the window,” the teacher said to the students.,The teacher,told,the students,not to,open the window.,told sb. not to do sth.,(command),Change a command into,an Indirect Speech,.,“Open the window, please,” the teacher said to the students.,(requests),The teacher,asked,the students,to,open the window.,Change a request into,an Indirect Speech.,ask(ed) sb. to do sth.,(requests),“Dont open the window ,please,” the teacher said to the students.,The teacher,asked,the students,not to,open the window.,Change a request into,an Indirect Speech.,ask(ed) sb. not to do sth.,Lets do some exercises,Change the requests and the commands into Indirect Speeches,1.“Shut up,”she said to him.,2.“Speak louder, please,” he said to her.,“Can you speak louder?” he asked her.,3.“Try the lift,” she said to her.,She told him to shut up.,He asked her to speak louder.,She told her to try the lift.,4.“Dont wait for me,” he said to them.,5.“Stop wasting the time,” she said to him.,6.“Can you tell me a story?” the girl asked her father.,He told them not to wait for him.,She told him to stop wasting the time.,The girl asked her father to tell her a story.,“Follow his instructions, she said to me.,“Please could you come to the reception desk?” she asked him.,He ordered/told the clerk to change his dirty uniform,She told me to follow his instructions.,She asked him to go to the reception desk.,She asked him if he could go to the reception desk.,“Change your dirty uniform!” he said to the clerk.,“Can you lend me five yuan?” he asked me.,He asked me to lend himfive yuan.,He asked me if I could lend him five yuan.,
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