反渗透系统故障诊断

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,反渗透系统故障诊断(Troubleshooting for RO System),北京海德能科技有限公司,1,反渗透系统性能下降的依据,(Evidence of Performance Decline for RO System),标准化压差上升15%,Normalized DP(Differential Pressure)increased 15%,标准化产水量降低10,Normalized permeate flow decreased 10%,标准化透盐率增加5,Normalized salt passage increased 5%,2,反渗透系统性能标准化的重要性,(The Importance of Normalization),标准化之前脱盐率变化显著,标准化之后脱盐率变化平稳,膜系统真实性能反映的需要,(Demand of actual performance for RO system),3,影响反渗透性能的因素,(Factor Affecting RO Performance),温度(temperature),压力(pressure),回收率(recovery),进水含盐量(feed water concentration),pH值,污染(fouling),结垢(scaling),膜劣化(degradation of membrane),4,操作条件对反渗透性能的影响,(Performance VS.Operating Conditions),5,脱盐率,（Salt Rejection）,水通量,(Permeate Flux),压降,(DP),给水压力,(Feed Pressure),分离层电荷强弱,(The strength of PA layer charge),产水流道是否堵塞,(The permeate channel spacer is unblocked or not),给水流道是否堵塞,(The feed channel spacer is unblocked or not),膜性能变化与故障宏观表现之间的关系(,Relationship Between Membrane Performance and Trouble),给水、产水流道是否堵塞,(Feed and permeate channel spacer,are unblocked or not),6,反渗透系统故障症状及原因(Symptoms,Causes for RO System Troubleshooting),透盐率,Salt Rejection Passage,增加,Increase,正常,Normal,下降,Decrease,物理损伤,P,hysical injure,氧化,Oxidation,胶体污染,Colloidal fouling,结垢,Scaling,温度升高,Temperature up,产水管泄漏,Permeate tube leak,“O”型圈泄漏,“”ring leak,连接泄漏,Coupling leak,背压,Back pressure,微生物污染,Biological fouling,微粒污染,Particulate fouling,有机物污染,Organics fouling,温度下降,Temperature down,7,反渗透系统故障症状及原因(Symptoms,Causes for RO System Troubleshooting),产水通量,Permeate Flux,下降,Decrease,正常,Normal,增加,Increase,结垢,Scaling,温度下降,Temperature down,生物污染,Biological fouling,氧化物污染,Oxide fouling,胶体污染,Colloidal fouling,微粒污染,Particulate fouling,有机物污染,Organics fouling,氧化,Oxidation,温度升高,Temperature up,产水管破损,Permeate tube,breakage,连接泄漏,Coupling,breakage,物理损伤,P,hysical damage,8,压降,Differential Pressure,降低,Decrease,正常,Normal,增加,Increase,结垢,Scaling,生物污染,Biological fouling,氧化物污染,Oxide fouling,胶体污染,Colloidal fouling,微粒污染,Particulate fouling,少量有机物污染,Little organics fouling,严重氧化,S,erious oxidation,大量有机物污染,P,lentiful organics fouling,反渗透系统故障症状及原因,(Symptoms,Causes for RO System Troubleshooting,),流速下降,Flow rate decline,9,给水压力,Feed Pressure,下降,Decrease,正常,Normal,增加,Increase,结垢,Scaling,温度降低,Temperature down,生物污染,Biological fouling,氧化物污染,Oxide fouling,胶体污染,Colloidal fouling,微粒污染,Particulate fouling,氧化,Oxidation,温度升高,Temperature up,产水管泄漏,Permeate tube,breakage,连接泄漏,Coupling,breakage,膜破裂,Membrane,break,大量有机物污染,P,lentiful organics fouling,高压泵故障,High pressure Pump trouble,反渗透系统故障症状及原因(,Symptoms,Causes for RO System Troubleshooting),10,反,渗,渗,透,透,系,系,统,统,故,故,障,障,组,组,成,成,(CompositionofROSystemTrouble),注：信,息,息来自,Khedr,博士在,“,“脱盐,与,与水回,用,用”期刊中,的,的文章,，,，,vol10/3(2000)8-17,11,微生物,污,污染(,OrganicsFouling),产生原,因,因(Causes),：,：进料,水,水含有,大,大量微,生,生物未,得,得到良,好,好的杀,菌,菌消毒,处,处理；,絮,絮凝剂,过,过量投,加,加;过,量,量的SBS投,加,加促进,硫,硫磺氧,化,化菌滋,生,生；不,适,适宜的,阻,阻垢剂,投,投加。,对性能,的,的影响(Effects),：,：产水,量,量下降,、,、透盐,率,率增加,、,、压差,增,增大进,而,而导致,望,望远镜,现,现象、,产,产品水,可,可能受,到,到微生,物,物污染,。,。,产生位,置,置(Location)：,最,最初首,段,段最易,污,污染，,进,进而全,段,段受微,生,生物污,染,染。,产水管,上,上的生,物,物薄膜,膜表面,上,上的藻,类,类生物,污,污染,膜表面,上,上的硫,磺,磺氧化,菌,菌污染,压力容,器,器里的,生,生物污,染,染,12,有机物,污,污染(,Biological,Fouling,),产生原,因,因(Causes),：,：进料,水,水含有,大,大量有,机,机物及,油,油脂未,得,得到合,理,理处理,；,；进水,含,含有阳,离,离子性,聚,聚电介,质,质。显,著,著标志,为,为进水TOC,及,及SDI过高,。,。,对性能,的,的影响(Effects),：,：水通,量,量损失,甚,甚至不,可,可逆衰,减,减、透,盐,盐率增,加,加、压,差,差增大,。,。,产生位,置,置(Location),：,：最初,首,首段最,易,易污染,，,，进而,全,全段受,有,有机物,污,污染。,端板上,的,的有机,物,物及胶,体,体,浓水格,网,网上的,胶,胶体污,染,染,膜表面,上,上的油,脂,脂污染,13,铁污染,(,Iron,Fouling),产生原,因,因(Causes),：,：进料,水,水含有,二,二价铁,受,受到氧,气,气攻击,；,；含铁,絮,絮凝剂,过,过量转,为,为胶体,；,；管路,腐,腐蚀产,物,物的沉,淀,淀；高,碱,碱度的,地,地下水,源,源形成FeCO,3,等。,对性,能,能的,影,影响(Effects)：,水,水通,量,量降,低,低、,透,透盐,率,率增,加,加、,压,压差,增,增大,。,。,产生,位,位置(Location),：,：,最,最初,首,首段,最,最易,污,污染,，,，进,而,而全,段,段受,铁,铁污,染,染。,膜元,件,件端,面,面受,到,到铁,污,污染,解剖,后,后膜,表,表面,上,上的,严,严重,铁,铁污,染,染,14,结垢,(,Scaling,),产生,原,原因(Causes),：,：进,料,料水,难,难溶,盐,盐浓,度,度超,过,过溶,度,度积,没,没有,投,投加,阻,阻垢,剂,剂；,阻,阻垢,剂,剂投,加,加不,适,适当,；,；过,高,高的,回,回收,率,率；,不,不适,宜,宜的,操,操作,参,参数,（,（如,：,：过,高,高pH值,控,控制,硅,硅垢,发,发生CaCO,3,沉,淀,淀,）,）,。,。,对,性,性,能,能,的,的,影,影,响,响(Effects),：,：,水,水,通,通,量,量,降,降,低,低,、,、,透,透,盐,盐,率,率,增,增,加,加,、,、,压,压,差,差,增,增,大,大,。,。,产,生,生,位,位,置,置(Location),：,：,一,一,般,般,最,最,末,末,端,端,膜,膜,元,元,件,件,最,最,容,容,易,易,产,产,生,生,结,结,垢,垢,。,。,压,力,力,容,容,器,器,部,部,件,件,内,内,部,部,形,形,成,成,致,致,密,密,垢,垢,层,层,膜,表,表,面,面,上,上,的,的,致,致,密,密,垢,垢,层,层,15,膜劣,化,化,(,DegradationofMembrane,),形式(,category)：,氧,氧化,（,（oxidation)、,压,压密,（,（compaction),、,、膜,材,材料,降,降解,（,（degradation)。,产生,原,原因(Causes),：,：进,料,料水,含,含有,氧,氧化,性,性物,质,质（,如,如余,氯,氯等,）,）没,有,有得,到,到良,好,好的,处,处理,导,导致,膜,膜被,氧,氧化,；,；水,锤,锤及,超,超限,高,高压,运,运行,导,导致,膜,膜压,密,密；,超,超限,酸,酸碱,清,清洗,导,导致,膜,膜材,料,料降,解,解等,。,。,对性,能,能的,影,影响(Effects)：,氧,氧化,及,及膜,材,材料,降,降解,导,导致,透,透盐,率,率增,加,加、,水,水通,量,量增,大,大、,压,压差,不,不变,或,或减,小,小；,水,水锤,导,导致,透,透盐,率,率减,小,小、,透,透盐,率,率减,小,小、,压,压差,增,增大,。,。,产生位置(Location)：,首,首端膜元,件,件最容易,发,发生氧化,、,、膜材料,降,降解、水,锤,锤破坏。,16,膜元件物,理,理损伤,(,P,hysicalDamage),形,式,式(,category),：,：,背,背,压,压(backpressure),、,、,望,望,远,远,镜,镜,现,现,象,象(telescoping),、,、,格,格,网,网,冲,冲,出,出(spacerpushingout),、,、ATD,脱,脱,落,落(ATDpushingoff),、,、,玻,玻,璃,璃,纤,纤,维,维,层,层,破,破,坏,坏(damagedfiberglass