完形填空解题指导

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,基本解题技巧指导,完形填空,1,命题特点,1完形填空主要是在语篇语境中考查词汇 知识，包括词语搭配和语义连贯等能力。,2完形填空的体裁多以,或,为主，偶有议论文或说明文。,3近年来湖北高考英语的完形填空短文篇幅 大约是_词，考点共设,个空.11湖北_字，10湖北_字，09湖北_字。,4,句一般不设空。,记叙文,20,首,300,夹叙夹议,304,330,318,2,命题特点,5要求选择填空的词常为实词（如,、,、,、,等）着重词义辨析能力的考查；11年湖北完形填空,考点:动词_道、形容词副词_道、词组_道、情态动词_道、连词_道、名词_道。,6不考代词、冠词、介词、连词（包括从句的连接词）；,7命题时四个选项属同一词类、同一语法形式。比如：设空处需要填的是形容词的比较级，那么四个选项都必须是四个不同的_词的_级。,名词 动词 形容词 副词,形容 比较,7,4,1,1,2,5,3,近年高考完形填空题型特点,1. 以叙为主, 叙议结合;,2. 篇章短小, 意义完整;,3. 首句完整, 主题明确;,4. 结构清晰, 层次分明;,5. 考查语境, 侧重辨析;,6. 实词为主, 虚词为辅;,7. 逻辑推理, 隐于语篇;,8. 常识语法, 每年出现。,4,四大要素,词汇,逻辑,语法,常识,一个主题,+,语境,近年高考完形填空题命题原则,5,完形填空解题步骤,1、通读全文，领会大意,2、逐句阅读，选出答案,3、猜测难点、整体复查,6,1、通读全文，领会大意,跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。,先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。,要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。,7,2、逐句阅读，选出答案,在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，,以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，,对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。注意：,动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。,对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，,一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。,这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。,8,3.猜测难点、整体复查,复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏,。,完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正,。,9,利用首句,/,首段信息解题,命题者往往通过文章的首句或首段揭示文章的主旨大意，体现文章的题材、体裁，或提供某些导向性信息。抓住了首句信息，就抓住了故事的背景、文章的核心话题等。,1).,利用首句判断文章的体裁、中心话题,2).,利用首句判断故事的时间、人物和事件，预测故事的发展,3).,依靠首句判断文体特征和故事的叙述脉络,合理运用六大微技巧解题,10,There was a very special teacher who made a far reaching difference in my life,.（09湖北）,The passengers on the bus watched with sympathy as Susan made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to,31,the seats, settled in one of them. （10湖北）,The young woman entered the pool where an injured,dolphin,(海豚) was swimming. Despite her fear, she felt strong wearing her new leg.（11湖北）,11,2. 运用语境信息,解题,clue words (提示词),近几年高考英语完形填空的特点是重点考查语境。所谓语境，就是文章的上下文，包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。另外，高考完形填空题型中，选项所给的四个词的词性和意义相同或相近。如果脱离语境或只看句子的一部分，可能会有两个或两个以上的答案；若放在整篇文章提供的语境中，利用上下文提供的各种信息综合分析，则只有一个最佳答案。,这种解题信息被称为,clue words (提示词)，,分前置信息和后置信息两种。,所以在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章内容，区分文章的结构层次和逻辑关系，同时认真比较所给选项，从中选出最符合上下文语境的答案。,12,What is a clue word?,1) He is just,here, so he has,few,friends here.,2) Usually he is very,busy, but today he is,.,clue words,clue words,new,free,13,(1) 运用“前置信息”,【例1】(2010湖北),It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of,32 .,Mark watched her,33,into hopelessness and he was,34,to use every possible means to help his wife.,32. A. weakness B. sickness,C. darkness D. sadness,33. A. run B. sink C. jump D. step,34. A. inspired B. determined C. honored D. pleased,14,(2) 运用“后置信息”,【例2】（,2010湖北）,The passengers on the bus watched with sympathy as Susan made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to,31,the seats, settled in one of them.,It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of,32 .,31. A. touch B. grab C. count D. feel,15,3. 运用生活常识和文化背景知识解题,完形填空题的选文为独立的语篇，它以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，但有时渗透着文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时，若能积极调动自己的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，必能轻松解题。,16,3. 运用生活常识和文化背景知识解题,【例3】（2009湖北）,Mrs. McNamara had a pattern of activity that she repeated again and again. We would have a literature reading task for,34,. The next day, when we came to class, there would be two or three topics on the blackboard,35,to the homework reading. We were,36,to write an in class essay about one of the topics. The following day, she would,37,the corrected and graded essays and each person would be called,38,to stand in front of the class and to,39,hisher essay. The class were required to,criticize,(评论)that essay,40,the grade of everyone in class would be reduced,34. A .review B. performance C. practice D. homework,35. A. added B. related C. contributed D. compared,36. A. expected B. persuaded C. allowed D. advised,37. A. collect B. return C. send D. receive,38. A. on purpose B. at first C. by chance D. in turn,39. A. talk through B. hand over C. read out D. show off,17,4. 运用语法知识解题,解答本题型中个别考查语法知识的题目，要注意词语在句中要符合词法、句法、结构、习惯等要求。这就要求我们,要分析句子结构，明确搭配关系，从惯用法、固定搭配的知识等方面来考虑进行选择。,【例4】（2009湖北）,What Mrs. McNamara forced me to do was to see myself as others see me and, having done that, I could improve myself. And I,50,. Thank you, Mrs. McNamara.,50. A. did B. could C. had D. would,18,5. 借助相关信息词解题,高考完形填空绝大多数题目的四个选项的词性和意义相同或相近, 单从本句看可能会有两个甚至更多的答案，但有时在上下文中会有一些与选项意义紧密相连的,同义词、近义词、反义词、,上义,词,、,下义,词,、,同源,词,等，能为确定正确选项提供依据。在解题过程中，同学们要充分利用这些信息词进行合理的推测判断，从而选出最佳答案。,19,Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain. In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in,fairies,(仙女). Not all of these,21,are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films（NMET 2008 广东卷）,A. babies B. believers,C. fairies D. supermen,结合前句可知，选项所在句的句意为“并不是所有的仙女（fairies）都像迪斯尼电影中出现的人物那样友善和讨人喜爱”，所以正解为选项C。,20,via a relatively inexpensive,application,called FaceCode. The _ requires the use of a webcam to recognize and log PC users into their systems.,A. accountB. consumer,C. designerD. software,由与前句的承接可知software与前文application同义，都指“软件”。句意是：“该软件需用到一个摄像头来识别，让计算机用户登陆到他们的系统当中。”,21,【例7】Not all of these fairies are the,friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folktales they are _ and cause much human suffering.,A. powerful B. cruel,C. frightened D. extraordinary,句子前后有转折的含义， 而与前面的friendly相对的只有选项B. cruel； 后面的and cause much human suffering也说明了这一点。,22,上下义词,上下义是指,词的总结和分解关系,，上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如：food是bread, noodle, milk,rice的上义词，反之bread, noodle, milk, rice是food的下义词。,click here,23,He taught her how to rely on her other _, specifically her,hearing,（NMET 2010 湖北卷）,A. feeling B. organs,C. skills D. senses,纵观4个选项，只有选项D符合条件：senses是hearing的上义词。,24,6. 运用语篇标志语解题,语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位，如句群、段 落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为“语篇标志语”。,如表示结构层次的语篇标志语firstly, secondly, finally等；表示因果关系的thus, therefore, so等，表示改变话题的by the way；表示递进关系的besides, whats more, further 等，表示转折关系的but, while, on the other hand等 等。,做题时如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。,【例9】（2009重庆）,People often fall ill because of me.,36, they can hardly blame me; it is their own,37,.,36. A.Therefore B. Besides C. However D.Then,37. A.business B. responsibility C.excuse D.fault,25,Exercises for you,2011年湖北高考完形填空试题,26,巧解完形填空高分技巧,一、研究首尾找主题,二、上下联系寻信息,三、左顾右盼找搭配,四、思前想后觅逻辑,五、语境分析辨词义,六、集中精力破难题,七、回读检查补漏洞,27,备战完形填空能力必备,一、快速阅读能力,二、词汇辨析能力,三、词汇搭配的理解能力,四、逻辑推断能力,五、运用常识能力,六、揣测作者意图的能力,28,如何提高能力技巧,一、提高阅读能力（速度、理解）,二、打好语法基础 （固定搭配）,三、扩充词汇量（动词、名词）,四、增长生活常识，培养广泛的兴趣爱好,五、多做多练，以提高实战能力,29,1).,When I entered Berkeley, I hoped to earn a scholarship,The last hurdle(障碍) was the final. No matter what,48,I got, it wouldnt cancel three C-pluses. I might as well kiss the,49,goodbye.,I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A-plus. It was the only A-plus given. The next year I received my scholarship. Ive always remembered Professor Jaynes lesson : you alone must set your own standard of excellence. (2008北京卷),48. A. grade B. answer C. lesson D. comment,49. A. scholarship B. course C. degree D. subject,Homework,30,2),., Then I had to walk several blocks in,the increasingly heavy rain .When I finally,got to my office, I was,47,through, exhaust-,-ed and,48,. ( 2008山东卷),47). A. wet B. weak,C. sick D. hurt,48). A. ashamed B. discouraged,C. surprised D. puzzled,31,3),When I took the first exam, I was,38,to find,a 77, C-plus, on my test paper,39,English was,my best subject. I went to Professor Jayne, Who,listened to my arguments but remained,40,.,(2008北京卷),38. A. shocked B. worried,C. scared D. anxious,39. A. but B. so C. for D. or,40. A. unchanged B. unpleasant,C. unfriendly D. unmoved,32,4).,Jenna, a popular girl from Westwood,Middle School, had graduate first in her,class and was ready for new,16,in,high school.,17, high school was different.,(2008天津卷),16. A. processes B. decisions,C. challenges D. exercises,17. A. Therefore B. However,C. Otherwise D. Besides,33,5）,One evening ,a passer-by asked to,23,for the night.,Seeing that he had an,24,face, she let him in and gave,him a nice,25,.The next morning the strangerOne,day another man,33,her door. This one did not look,trustworthy to her,34,she asked who he was,(2008陕西卷),23. A. stay B. live C. hide D. lie,24. A. interesting B. honest,C. anxious D. angry,25. A. gift B. kiss C. treat D. smile,33. A. stepped B. left for,C. stopped at D. walked around,34. A. so B. but C. although D. because,A,B,C,C,A,34,6).,On the road of life, the help of strangers,can,37,our loads and lift our spirits,(2008年重庆卷),37. A. move B. increasing,C. lighten D. carry,7).,I,40,to be one of the people on the way to,work that morning. I went from subway line to,subway line to find that most (service),41,had stopped.,(2008年山东卷),40. A. used B. promised,C. deserved D. happened,35,8).,It was 4 oclock when the front doorbell rang. Mrs Clarke was _tea at the time.,A. cooking B. making C. burning D. serving,Marl _ down and helped the boy pike up these articles.,A. fell B. sat C. lay D. knelt,Bob had made a “motherhood contract” declaring that,for 70 days this summer he would _ the care of theirfour children and all the housework.,A. stick to B. set about C. think about D. take over,. When it was 5:00 pm, I was ready to go home. I was,about to turn off my computer,49,I received an email,from Garth, my Director:,49. A. while B. when C. where D. after,B,D,D,B,36,9),.,she was competing against very talented girls,and she knew it would be,18,for her to be selected.,Two hours later, the,19,read a list of the girls for a,second tryout,(2008年天津卷),18. A. difficult B. easy C. boring D. interesting,19. A. editor B. boss C. candidate D. judge,10),.,I was a single parent of four small children, working,at a low-paid job. Money was always tight, but we had,a,36,over our heads, food on the table , clothes on our,backs ,and if not a lot, always,37,(2008年辽宁卷),36. A. roof B. hat C. sky D. star,37. A. little B. less C. enough D. more,37,