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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,11/7/2009,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高翻学院翻译实例讲评（一）,A.理解错误,B.误译或不确切,C.语句不通顺,D.对翻译的要求,E.参考译文全文,Original Text,The prolonged drought has had devastating impacts on the socio-economic system,the human population and the ecology and environment in Africa.It has led to serious food scarcity-which has further exacerbated an already unfavourable food situation,malnutrition,disease,famine,loss of human lives,sharp depletion of animal stocks,increased poverty-particularly among the disadvantaged groups;imbalance in and desiccation of water resources;increased migrationparticularly rural-urban migration;human suffering and hardship;and generally to the dislocation of the normal life situation and the fragile economies of many African countries.Furthermore,drought has aggravated the economic crisis in many African countries by intensifying the unemployment problem,depleting government revenues and the scarce foreign exchange earnings and stymying the rates of growth of the major productive sectors and of the economy as a whole.,The abnormally dry years have also put extreme pressure on vegetation;it is estimated that the usable extent of the pastoral areas in the arid and semi-arid regions in Africa has been reduced by 25 per cent since the onset of the 1968 drought.In many African countries in which livestock wealth is of crucial importance to the national economy and the welfare of the population,livestock herds have been badly depleted as a result of the shortage of pasture and water,poor grazing conditions and animal diseases.,The tragic consequences of the drought have been further aggravated by an increased disruption in the balance between the human/livestock population on the one hand and physical resources on the other,brought about by increasing human and livestock population pressures on the shrinking physical resources and by harmful human responses to the climatic variability and drought,Furthermore,the impacts of drought are made devastatingly worse when it is considered that the majority of the countries that are more severely affected by the drought are among Africas least developed countries which are not equipped to deal with their perennial and mounting economic problem,let alone with the added vagaries of such a calamity.,Traditionally,the African populations have tried to avert the impacts of drought by various methods such as selling or loaning of cattle,seeking alternative employment,food sharing and by migration,particularly from rural to urban areas.On the other hand,harmful responses to drought have exacerbated its impacts.Practices such as overgrazing,digging deep bore holes,growing of high water use crops in drought-prone areas and deforestation for fuel wood have further upset the balance between human/animal resources and physical resources and accelerated the desertification process.Positive traditional responses to drought need to be strengthened in order to cushion its negative impacts,while harmful practices should be averted and vigorously discouraged.,理解错误1.举例 1,It has led to serious food scarcity-which has further exacerbated an already unfavourable food situation,malnutrition,disease,famine,loss of human lives,sharp depletion of animal stocks,increased poverty-particularly among the disadvantaged groups;imbalance in and desiccation of water resources;increased migrationparticularly rural-urban migration;human suffering and hardship;and generally to the dislocation of the normal life situation and the fragile economies of many African countries.,1.1.讲评译文,它造成严重的食物短缺这进一步加重了本来就,不容乐观,的食物形势，造成营养不良、疾病、饥荒、人类死亡、动物饲料减少和更加严重的贫困问题-这些问题在弱势群体中表现的更为严重；,在非洲，尤其在弱势群体中，业已存在种种不良状况，如食品匮乏、营养不良、疾病肆虐、饥荒、死亡、牲畜数量剧减、贫困人口增多等等，而长期干旱导致了严重的食物短缺，使局势更为恶化。,1.2.参考译文,它导致了严重的粮食匮乏，特别是弱势群体的粮食匮乏，从而进一步恶化本已困难的粮食局势、营养不良、疾病、饥荒、死亡、牲畜锐减、贫困加剧；它还造成水资源的不平衡及枯竭；迫使更多人迁徙（尤其是从农村迁往城市）；给人们带来苦难；而且普遍导致许多非洲国家的正常生活及其本已脆弱的经济的失调。,2.举例 2,The tragic consequences of the drought have been further aggravated by an increased disruption in the balance between the human/livestock population,on the one hand,and physical resources,on the other,brought about,by increasing human and livestock population pressures on the shrinking physical resources,and by,harmful human responses to the climatic variability and drought.,2.1.讲评译文,一方面,，人口和牲畜数量的不平衡，,另一方面,，由于人口和牲畜数量增长以及人类对气候变化的干旱采取有害反应而对自然资源带来的巨大压力，干旱所造成的恶劣后果还在进一步恶化,一方面,，人口和牲畜数量在不断增加，而物质资源却在不断减少；,另一方面,，人类应对气候变化的干旱时采取的行为不当，也加深了这一不平衡,主要是人口和牲畜数量增加，而可用资源不断减少之间的矛盾，以及人类对气候变化的干旱所做出的反应。,由于人口和牲畜对物理资源的,依赖,增加，人类对,气候变化,和干旱的错误方式，使,人畜比例,以及物理资源严重失衡，从而进一步恶化了干旱所带来的不良后果。,干旱的悲剧性后果已被进一步扩大。一方面，是由于人类/牲畜数量的平衡正遭受越来越大的破坏，另一方面，物质资源也逐渐遭到破坏。,2.2.参考译文,旱灾造成了可悲的后果，由于在人口数/牲畜头数及自然资源之间的平衡更形失调而进一步加剧，这种平衡失调不仅是由于人口及畜群对日益减少的自然资源的压力增大，也是由于人们对气候的变化莫测以及干旱作出的有害反应所造成的。,3.举例 3,Furthermore,drought has aggravated the economic crisis in many African countries,by intensifying,the unemployment problem,depleting government rev
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