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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,welcome,现在完成时,Definition,（定义）,:,1,.过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。到现在为止已经发生或完成的动作。,2.表示过去发生的、持续到现在的动作或状态。,structure,：,基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p),现在完成时用法,现在完成时用法,肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词.,否定句:主语+have not/has not+动词的过去分词.,一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?,特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他,标志词：,already:用在肯定句中(be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实意动词之前)常与yet进行转换,。,例如:I have already finished the work.我已经完成这项工作了。,改为否定句:I havent finished the work yet.我还没有完成这项工作。,改为一般疑问句:Have you finished the work yet？,yet:放在否定句和一般疑问句句末,。,just意为“刚刚”,标志词：,肯定句：主语+have/has just+过去分词“刚刚做完某事”,just,already,ever,never都放在have/has和过去分词的中间,since+时间点=for+时间段since+一般过去时态的时间状语从句=since+时间点+ago,since+一般过去时态的时间状语从句。,例如:He has been here since he joined the army。自从他参军以来,他一直在这儿。,just,before,recently,still,lately,never,ever,twice,on several occasion,in the past/last few days/weeks/months/years,(up to)these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year 多用于一般过去时,up to present,so far,up to now,up till now,till now用于完成时。,用法要点：,1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间状语连用，(如表示过去的时间状语),如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.,2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already(肯定句中)，yet(否定，疑问，句末)，just,before,recently,still,lately,never等:,举例：,He has already obtained a scholarship.他已经获得了一份奖学金。,I havent seen much of him recently(lately).我已经很久没有看到他(最近的),用法要点：,3.现在完成时态经常与表示频度的时间状语连用，,如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,on several occasion等:,Have you ever been to Beijing?你以前去过北京吗?,I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.我从来没有听到Bunny说她的坏话。,I have used this pen only three times.It is still good.这支钢笔我只用过三次。它仍然是好的。,George has met that gentleman on several occasions.乔治已经在好几个场合见过那个先生几次。,用法要点：,4.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,just,today,up to present,so far等:,Peter has written six papers so far.到目前为止，彼得写了六篇论文。,Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.人们现在已经学会了从原子核中释放能量。,There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.今年以来旧金山雨水太多。,The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.我们两国之间的友好合作关系在近几年得到了提高。,Up to the present everything has been successful.到现在为止一切都是成功的。,用法要点：,5,.现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。,例如:He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。),I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。),此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now，so far)等。,例如:I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。,注意:(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。,区分：,has gone(to),has been(to),has been(in)的区别。,has gone to:表示某人已去了某地，而没有回来(去了没回)(不可与 for+一段时间 连用),has been to:表示去过某地(去过已回来)(不可与 for+一段时间 连用),has been in/at(in表示相对大一些的地点;at表示相对小一些的地点):表示一直呆在某地，常与时间段搭配(呆了很久)。,练习：,选择题。,1,、Have you met Mr Li _？,.just .ago .before .a moment ago,2,、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year,.is writing .was writing .wrote .has written,3,、-Our country _ a lot so far.,-Yes.I hope it will be even _.,.has changed;well .changed;good,.has changed;better.changed;better,4,、He has _ been to Shanghai,has he?,.already .never .ever .still,练习,:,5,、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years.,.was;studying .will;study,.has;studied .are;studying,6,、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.,.know .had known .have known .knew,7,、Harry Potter is a very nice film.I_ it twice.,.will see .have seen .saw .see,练习：,8,、-_ you _ your homework yet?,-Yes.I _ it a moment ago.,.Did;do;finished .Have;done;finished,.Have;done;have finished .will;do;finish,9,、His father _ the Party since 1978.,.joined .has joined .was in.has been in,练习,:,1,0,、-Do you know him well?,-Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago.,.were .have been .have become .have made,1,1,、-How long have you _ here?,-About two months.,.been .gone .come .arrived,练习：,用have(has)been或 gone填空。,A:Where _Li Fei_?,B:He_to Hainan Island.,A:How long _he _there?,B:He _there for three days?,A:When will he come back,do you know?,B:Im afraid he wont come back recently.,A:Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?,B:Sorry,I _never _ there.,A:How many times _ Li Fei_to that place?,B:He _there only once.,答案：,1.用have(has)been或 gone填空。,A:Where【has】Li Fei【gone】?,B:He【has gone】to Hainan Island.,A:How long【has】he【been】there?,B:He【has been】there for three days?,A:When will he come back,do you know?,B:Im afraid he wont come back recently.,A:Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?,B:Sorry,I【have】never【been】there.,A:How many times【has】Li Fei【been】to that place?,B:He【has been】there only once.,练习：,I.Fill in the blanks with the proper form.,1.I_ already _(see)the film.I _(see)it last week.,2._ he _(finish)his work today?Not yet.,3.My father _ just _(come)back from work.He is tired now.,4,.I _(work)here since I _(move)here in 1999.,5,.So far I _(make)quite a few friends here.,6,.How long _ the Wangs _(stay)here?For two weeks.,7,.I _ just _(finish)my
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