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,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Giftedness:,The Gift that Keeps on Giving,Introduction,Stable versus unstable personal traits,e.g. gender versus hair color,Which is giftedness?,Often viewed as a childhood attribute,This reflected by a recent web search,What are the results of googling ?,Google results,“,gifted children”,1,440,000 hits,versus post-childhood:,“gifted adolescents”,39,600 hits,“gifted teenagers”,1,670 hits,“gifted adults”,24,700 hits,“gifted elderly”,56 hits,“gifted senior citizens”,8 hits,Google results,and versus pre-childhood:,“gifted babies”,6,660 hits,“gifted infants”,540 hits,“gifted zygotes”,1 hit,the latter some Jon Stewart quip!,Argument,Giftedness can be a life-long trait,This developmental continuity is especially conspicuous when we look at the highest levels of giftedness,e.g., top 1% rather than top 10%,Superlative Performance Threshold,AGE,Top 10%,Top 1%,PERFORMANCE,From Conception to Reputation,Genetic conception,Gestation,Infancy,Childhood,Adolescence,Adulthood,Death,Posthumous reputation,Genetic conception,Genetic conception,It all begins with the “giftedzygote”,Galtons 1869,HereditaryGenius,Modern behavioral genetics: Giftedness is most likely,multi-polygenic,(manypolygenictraits),emergenic,(multiplicative/configurational),epigenetic,(unfolds over time),In short,a complex,dynamic process,Gestation,Gestation,Intrauterine environment,e.g.,Geschwind,s theory,elevated testosterone after 20,th,week,right left posterior hemisphere growth,giftedness/savantism,mathematical ability,artistic/spatial ability,musical ability,SimonBaron-Cohen: “extreme male brain”,Infancy,Infancy,The Developmental “Dark Ages”,Earlydevelopmentalsignpostsnot alwaysindicative oflatergiftedness,and may even becounter-indicative(e.g., delayedspeech),So when dotheDarkAgesend?,Whats theearliestage at which the gift begins to manifestitself?,FaganTestof InfantIntelligence,Attentionto noveltyat 6-12 monthspredicts,adultIQ,academic achievement,but this assessmentconcerns general intelligence(Spearmans,g,),Whataboutmoredomain-specific indicators?,Cox (1926)301Geniuses,Jeremy Bentham:English juristandutilitarian philosopher (earlyIQ 180),Learned alphabet before talking,At 3beganclassicaleducationwhenfather buys aLatingrammar;sameage read Rapins,History ofEngland,Feldman/Goldsmith (1986/2000)6 prodigies,a child who read music beforehe was four,two children who played winning chess beforetheyentered school,another who studiedabstract algebra ingradeschool,a youngster whoproducedtypedscripts of originalstories and plays beforehisfifthbirthday,and,a child who read, wrote,beganlearningforeign languages, and composed short musicalpieces beforehe was outof diapers.,Winner (1996):,Gifted Children,Michael Kearney,speakat 4months;,readat 8months;,algebra onownat age 3,KyLeeHench,fascinatedwithletters &numbers at 1.5,mental arithmetic at2,playing math computer games by3,SMPY(Julian Stanleyet al.),TerryTao:Fields Medal recipient,taught himselfto read before2;,usingportabletypewriterbefore 2.5;,solved math problemstypical of 8-year olds by 3.,Childhood,Childhood,DarkAgesrarely endbefore ages 2-3,and more commonly end atthe age ofa late preschooleror kindergartner,evenMozart didnt begincomposinguntil5 (with father,s help),and J. S.Milldidnt write his first book (ahistory of Rome) until 6.5 (juvenilia),Childhood,During this ageperiod variousenvironmentalfactors kick in,including,Birthorder (,not,prenatal!),Traumatic,enriching, anddiversifying events,Domain-specificrolemodels and mentors,and,Expertiseacquisition (10-yearrule),thataffect thetypeanddegree ofgiftedness,The “gift”as anature-nurturecollaboration,Adolescence,Adolescence,Although the previously mentioned factors continueto nurture growth,the giftedyouth canalsobe led astrayfromthe path of optimaldevelopment:,Peergroups become especiallycritical duringthisphase,e.g.,Csikszentmihalyi etal.s (1993),Talented teenagers,Adulthood,Adulthood,The GreatTransformationfrom,Inputto Output,Potentialto ActualAchievement,Giftednessto Genius,Adulthood,Accelerated career onset,Abbreviated expertise acquisition ( 10years),Earlyachievement (viz. 1,st,“hit”in 20s),Exceptional productivityor output(e.g., Napoleon, Edison,Picasso, Mozart),Highimpact (e.g., disciples,honors),Long,productive career,Early- + late-bloomers long-bloomers,Hence, last testaments, old-age style shifts,swan-songs,Examples,Cervantes:,Don Quixote,PartII,age 68,diedage 69,Examples,Galileo:,Two New Sciences,age 74,diedage 78,Examples,Goethe:,Faust, Part II,age 83,diedage 83,Examples,Verdi:,Falstaff,age 85,diedage 88,Death,Death,Lifeexpectancyas contingenton achievementdomain,Examples:,Mathematiciansversus Biologists,Poetsversus Novelists,Military versusPoliticalLeaders,Revolutionary versusStatus Quo Politicians,Precocitynegative impacton longevity,Genius,Age 1st masterwork,Age at death,Arriaga,(music),18,20,Galois,(math),20,20,Chatterton,(poetry),16,17,Posthumousreputation,Posthumousreputation,Eventual eminence isa directfunction of lifetimeachievement,whichis most oftendefined bythequality and quantityof outputor impact,As aresult, the highestdegrees ofeminenceare consistentacross space and stable through time,Hence,Giftednesscanbecome,the gift that keepson giving!,even,longer,lasting than ,Not the End,谢谢观看,/,欢迎下载,BY FAITH IMEANA VISIONOF GOOD ONE CHERISHES ANDTHEENTHUSIASMTHATPUSHES ONE TOSEEKITS FULFILLMENTREGARDLESS OFOBSTACLES.BY FAITHI BYFAITH,
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