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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,财务分析,格力电器(,000651,),组员:,刘庆(,3101120105,),何颖(,3101120107,),曹妍婷(,3101120108,),顾婷婷(,3101120110,),莫梦莲(,3101120111,),陈虹伊(,3101120119,),纪敏(,3101120122,),公司简介,财务分析,与美的对比分析,总结,目 录,公司简介,1991,年,是目前全球最大的集研发、生产、销售、服务于一体的国有控股专业化空调企业。,1992,年,时任格力电器华东片区业务经理的董明珠率先打破“代销”这条僵硬的市场规则,确定“先付款后发货”的原则。,1994,年,格力销售人员“集体哗变”。董明珠临危受命,出任经营部部长,进行加强制度建设、优化人才培养体系等一系列改革,改变了原来企业命运系在销售人员身上的局面。,1995,年,董明珠上任仅一年间,经其内外部系列整肃,格力电器销售业绩翻了,7,倍,格力空调产销量跃居全国首位。图为董明珠为优秀经销商颁奖。,1997,年,12,月,格力电器在湖北成立了由经销商共同参股的区域性销售公司,开创了,21,世纪经济领域的全新营销模式,目前,格力拥有,27,家区域销售公司。,2004,年,3,月,国美单方面降价,破坏商业秩序,格力为保护广大经销商的利益,宣布退出国美,自建渠道。至今格力拥有专卖店近,2,万家,成为业界引以为榜的渠道模式。,2012,年,3,月,格力形象片亮相纽约时代广场,充分显示了格力电器搏击国际市场的决心和信心。,董明珠,女,汉族,生于,1954,年,研究生学历。现任珠海格力集团有限公司董事长、珠海格力电器股份有限公司董事长、总裁。,1990,年加入格力电器,历任业务经理、经营部副部长、部长、副总经理、总经理、副董事长兼总裁、董事长兼总裁等职务。连任第十届、第十一届和第十二届全国人大代表,担任民建中央常委、全国妇联第十届执委会委员、中国家电协会副理事长、中国社会经济调查研究中心理事会理事、广东省妇联执委会委员、广东省女企业家协会副会长、珠海市女企业家协会会长、珠海市红十字会荣誉会长等职务。先后被西北大学、中山大学管理学院和山东大学聘为兼职教授,被南京工业大学管理学院聘为“,MBA,校外导师”,被中国科技大学管理学院聘为,MBA“,课程教授”、北京师范大学珠海分校和对外经济贸易大学聘为客座教授、中南财经政法大学聘为兼职教授和,MBA,教育顾问委员会委员,被广东省政府聘为企业家顾问、政府决策咨询顾问委员会委员、合肥市政府聘为合肥市(家电)产业发展顾问等。,一个没有创新的企业,是一个没有灵魂的企业。,一个没有核心技术的企业,是没有脊梁的企业。,一个没有脊梁的人,永远站不起来。,一个没有创新的企业,是一个没有灵魂的企业,全球首台直流变频离心机组在格力下线,格力电器自成立以来,以“一个没有创新的企业是一个没有灵魂的企业”为座右铭,致力于技术创新,把掌握空调的核心技术作为企业立足之本。格力电器投入大量人力、物力、财力,建成了行业内独一无二的技术研发体系,组建了一支拥有外国专家在内的,5000,多名专业人员的研发队伍,成立了制冷技术研究院、机电技术研究院、家电技术研究院、自动化研究院,4,个基础性研究机构,拥有,400,多个国家实验室。,在技术研发上,格力从来不设门槛,需要多少投入多少的做法,让其成为了中国空调业技术投入费用最高的企业。据统计,仅,2012,年,格力电器在技术研发上的投入就超过,40,亿元。,目前,格力电器在国内外累计拥有专利超过,8000,项,其中发明专利,2000,多项,是中国空调行业中拥有专利技术最多的企业,也是唯一不受制外国技术的企业,。,一个没有核心技术的企业,是没有脊梁的企业,格力掌握核心科技!,一个没有脊梁的企业,永远站不起来,格力精神,格力使命,弘扬工业精神,追求完美质量,提供专业服务,创造舒适环境,格力愿景,缔造全球领先的空调企业,成就格力百年的世界品牌,核心价值观,少说空话,多干实事,质量第一,顾客满意,忠诚友善,勤奋进取,诚信经营,多方共赢,爱岗敬业,开拓创新,遵纪守法,廉洁奉公,1,2,3,财务分析,6.,公司竞争策略,5.,公司基本分析,4.,行业竞争状况,3.,行业技术分析,2.,行业生命周期分析,1.,空调行业现状,战略性分析,一、战略性分析,战略性分析,空调行业现状,珠海格力电器股份有限公司的,95%,以上营业收入都来自空调业务,所以我们下面只分析起空调方面的情况。,中国的空调行业经过近二十年的发展,从无到有,由弱变强,走过了一条引进、消化、提高、国产化、再开发的道路,中国空调制造业整体规模、技术水平逐步与发达国家水平接轨,进入稳定成长的佳境。自,1989,年以来,空调行业保持了强劲的发展势头,据中国制冷空调工业协会消息,目前我国房间空调产量居世界第一,中央空调产量居世界第二,整个制冷空调设备制造业产值占全球产值,10%,以上,中国仅次于美、日两国,为第三大冷冻空调设备生产基地。未来我国的空调行业还会有更好的发展机会的。,战略性分析,行业生命周期分析,如同产品有其生命周期一样,理论上行业也有其生命周期,即引入期、成长期、成熟期和衰退期。经过调查和数据显示,在,2010,年以前国内空调行业一直处于快速的成长期,需求以,20%,左右的速度增长,并延续至,21,世纪的头十年。,2010,年左右空调行业整体开始进入成熟期;届时,空调每百户拥有率将达到,80,台,从此进入一个相对漫长的成熟期,由于新技术的出现,也可能给届时的空调行业带来新机会,如同现在数字技术给彩电行业带来的机会一样。,战略性分析,行业技术分析,在空调技术方面,,98,年国内空调厂商推出众多含有新技术的产品,比如超静音空调、健康空调、变频分体空调、绿色空调,甚至智能化空调等,其中节能技术,静音技术、智能技术、变频技术是目前空调技术的核心。,98,年变频空调尤其受人瞩目,海尔、美的、春兰、格力等技术力量雄厚的厂家纷纷推出其产品并占领相当市场,同时为顺应保护环境,保护大自然,这一全球性趋势,无氟空调、环保空调等绿色空调也出现在市场上,受到消费者青睐。空调作为家用电器的一种,与家用电器的一般发展趋势相同,将趋于信息化、数字化、融合化、网络化,因此,未来空调技术的发展方向即是智能化技术、数字化技术、网络技术。,战略性分析,行业竞争状况,在全球空调市场上,包括格力在内的三大国产品牌的主要竞争对手是约克、特灵、开利、麦克维尔四大欧美品牌。目前,国际市场上四大欧美品牌市占率为,23.1%,,两大日系品牌,(,大金、日立,),为,21.2%,,三大国产品牌为,20.6%,,呈现三足鼎立之势。而在国内空调市场上,热战也不断,格力美的海尔三分天下。格力冠压群雄,最受瞩;格力空调一直崇尚“简单化”的经营哲学,目标简单、管理简单、营销简单和宣传简单。美的是后起之秀,也在抢占份额,仅次于格力。海尔排名上升,也力博群雄;海尔品牌的产品美誉度享誉全球,不仅在冰洗业占据行业老大的地位,在空调业也表现不凡。因此,该行业竞争还是比较激烈的。,从行业结构分析看,空调行业属于寡头垄断型的。双寡头市场格局使得格力有能力维稳盈利水平:公司近年来盈利水平的不断提升主要还是得益于空调市场品牌集中度提升后形成的双寡头市场格局。而我们认为面对这一轮生产资料上涨压力,格力有能力通过产品结构优化等手段来稳定利润率。,战略性分析,公司基本分析,经过,20,年的快速发展,格力电器已经成为目前全球最大的集研发、生产、销售、服务于一体的专业化空调企业,拥有珠海、重庆、合肥、郑州、武汉、巴西、巴基斯坦、越南,8,个空调生产基地,年产能力,3400,万台。格力牌空调远销全球,100,多个国家和地区,被国家质检总局授予空调行业唯一的“世界名牌”产品称号。,1995,年至今,格力空调连续,16,年产销量、市场占有率均居中国空调行业第一,家用空调产销量连续,6,年位居世界第一。截至,2010,年,全球格力用户近,1.5,亿。,创新是格力文化的核心。产品为本、质量第一是格力稳健快速发展的根本, 而品质衍生于技术。但格力电器的创新,不仅仅是技术的创新,还包括管理创新、营销渠道创新、人才培养创新等全面的创新。公司的创新以人才培养机制创新为首,以自主技术创新为动力,带动管理创新、营销渠道创新。报告期内,格力变频空调关键技术的研究和应用,(,包括自动转矩控制技术、软件全程功率因数校正技术、单芯片集成模块、自制变频压缩机,),,又称“,1,赫兹变频技术”,荣获国家科技进步奖,成为唯一获奖的专业化家电企业。,报告期内,格力全球首创的“双级压缩技术”被专家组一致鉴定为“国际领先”。格力双级变频压缩机拥有发明专利,19,项,国际专利,2,项,该技术突破了传统空调产品的运转极限。双级增焓变频热泵空调解决了普通热泵空调低温制热衰减大、能效低等技术难题,从超低温制热性能来看,能够适应我国绝大部分寒冷地区的供暖需求;采用“双级压缩变频热泵技术” 或“双级压缩直流变频离心热泵技术”的产品,可对我国供暖技术进行革命性变革,能够创造性地改善我国冬季燃煤污染,推进我国低碳、节能、环保等的发展,开创了中国家电行业“双级变频”的新时代。,战略性分析,公司的竞争策略,公司竞争力主要体现在渠道、技术和品质等方面。渠道上:内销占整体销售的约,76%,。其中,不足,10%,的销售经由国美、苏宁,而且格力经销商主要采取买断方式与家电大型零售连锁商交易。值得注意的,格力严格控制渠道价格,保障大、小经销商利益,从而吸引下游对格力的订货;外销中自主品牌占,30%,的比例,模式类似于国内做法,这有利于保障盈利水平和订单稳定。技术上:大金是全球顶尖的空调制造商而以前从来没有,OEM,。在委托格力代工后,大金与格力加强合作、合资建厂却没有获得专利费和控股权,体现出对格力在变频压缩机、控制器等技术的高度认可。品质上:格力空调的品质深受消费者、经销商和维修工的广泛认可。格力的品质是建立在严格、有效的采购、检测、生产和安装上。而且,竞争对手如谋求达到同等品质,很可能价格要明显高于格力。此外,公司中央空调业务处于快速增长期。由于技术的突破,公司中央空调市场占有比迅速提升,在各地大量中标。未来公司依然将专注于制冷领域,例如将进入特种空调、冷链等领域。,另外,农村市场是未来空调行业最主要的增长点。格力凭借渠道优势领跑农村市场,格力通过,20,多年的经营,在全国建立了,3,万多个销售网点,专卖店近,1,万家,遍布全国乡镇,三四级渠道下沉优势明显。凭借渠道及产品优势,格力在农村市场占据,44%,左右的份额,是未来空调农村市场快速增长的最大受益者。预计公司农村市场的收入未来,3,年能保持,50%,左右的增长。以上都是格力电器公司的竞争优势,。,二、财务报表分析,1.,2.,3.,4.,1.,水平分析,2.,垂直分析,3.,重点分析,资产负债表,1.,水平分析,2.,垂直分析,3.,重点分析,利润表,1.,水平分析,2.,垂直分析,3.,构成分析,4.,主要项目分析,所有者权益变动表,1.,水平分析,2.,主要项目分析,现金流量表,资产负债表水平分析,科目,2012,年,2011,年,变动额,变动,(%),对总资产的影响(,%,),货币资金,28,943,921,701.45,16,040,809,751.08,12,903,111,950.37,80.44,15.14,交易性金融资产,263,460,017.40,16,489,122.00,246,970,895.40,1497.78,0.29,应收票据,34,292,168,999.99,33,665,090,026.64,627,078,973.35,1.86,0.74,应收账款,1,474,872,971.56,1,226,793,775.32,248,079,196.24,20.22,0.29,预付款项,1,739,713,886.10,2,315,615,532.19,-575,901,646.09,-24.87,-0.68,其他应收款,290,356,401.60,634,476,234.68,-344,119,833.08,-54.24,-0.40,应收关联公司款,0.00,0.00,0.00,应收利息,710,865,583.57,242,739,720.96,468,125,862.61,192.85,0.55,应收股利,0.00,0.00,0.00,存货,17,235,042,562.70,17,503,107,339.56,-268,064,776.86,-1.53,-0.31,其中,:,消耗性生物资产,0.00,0.00,0.00,一年内到期的非流动资产,0.00,0.00,0.00,其他流动资产,137,242,997.76,110,488,963.00,26,754,034.76,24.21,0.03,流动资产合计,85,087,645,122.13,71,755,610,465.43,13,332,034,656.70,18.58,15.65,可供出售金融资产,554,912,450.00,554,912,450.00,0.00,0.00,持有至到期投资,0.00,0.00,0.00,长期应收款,0.00,0.00,0.00,长期股权投资,28,159,992.30,16,876,644.41,11,283,347.89,66.86,0.01,投资性房地产,208,009,129.76,197,630,453.93,10,378,675.83,5.25,0.01,固定资产,12,700,394,289.32,7,709,137,076.07,4,991,257,213.25,64.74,5.86,在建工程,2,304,317,913.92,2,171,661,342.21,132,656,571.71,6.11,0.16,工程物资,0.00,0.00,0.00,固定资产清理,110,093.59,624,698.11,-514,604.52,-82.38,0.00,生产性生物资产,0.00,0.00,0.00,油气资产,0.00,0.00,0.00,无形资产,1,635,272,965.12,1,622,164,402.29,13,108,562.83,0.81,0.02,开发支出,0.00,0.00,0.00,商誉,0.00,0.00,0.00,长期待摊费用,48,089,330.59,48,156,578.28,-67,247.69,-0.14,0.00,递延所得税资产,2,911,085,198.23,1,689,732,546.57,1,221,352,651.66,72.28,1.43,其他非流动资产,2,088,903,434.99,2,088,903,434.99,0.00,0.00,非流动资产合计,22,479,254,797.82,13,455,983,741.87,9,023,271,055.95,67.06,10.59,资产总计,107,566,899,919.95,85,211,594,207.30,22,355,305,712.65,26.24,26.24,短期借款,3,520,642,063.91,2,739,286,399.90,781,355,664.01,28.52,0.92,交易性金融负债,0.00,0.00,0.00,应付票据,7,983,581,180.17,10,644,121,238.23,-2,660,540,058.06,-25.00,-3.12,应付账款,22,665,011,613.66,15,636,363,281.52,7,028,648,332.14,44.95,8.25,预收款项,16,630,113,200.83,19,752,693,733.70,-3,122,580,532.87,-15.81,-3.66,应付职工薪酬,1,357,672,403.95,729,428,961.21,628,243,442.74,86.13,0.74,应交税费,2,522,100,351.45,-679,569,415.94,3,201,669,767.39,-471.13,3.76,应付利息,20,199,098.55,16,594,175.22,3,604,923.33,21.72,0.00,应付股利,707,913.60,707,913.60,0.00,0.00,0.00,其他应付款,5,441,614,890.93,3,336,435,940.10,2,105,178,950.83,63.10,2.47,应付关联公司款,0.00,0.00,0.00,一年内到期的非流动负债,2,513,763,694.23,2,176,615,725.96,337,147,968.27,15.49,0.40,其他流动负债,16,174,953,065.30,9,840,337,652.06,6,334,615,413.24,64.37,7.43,流动负债合计,78,830,359,476.58,64,193,015,605.56,14,637,343,871.02,22.80,17.18,长期借款,984,463,173.32,2,582,204,889.28,-1,597,741,715.96,-61.88,-1.88,应付债券,0.00,0.00,0.00,长期应付款,0.00,0.00,0.00,专项应付款,0.00,0.00,0.00,预计负债,0.00,0.00,0.00,递延所得税负债,160,405,437.91,43,167,808.12,117,237,629.79,271.59,0.14,其他非流动负债,11,469,703.49,16,051,361.73,-4,581,658.24,-28.54,-0.01,非流动负债合计,1,156,338,314.72,2,641,424,059.13,-1,485,085,744.41,-56.22,-1.74,负债合计,79,986,697,791.30,66,834,439,664.69,13,152,258,126.61,19.68,15.43,实收资本,(,或股本,),3,007,865,439.00,2,817,888,750.00,189,976,689.00,6.74,0.22,资本公积,3,187,175,872.28,110,167,026.08,3,077,008,846.20,2793.04,3.61,盈余公积,2,958,088,564.43,2,501,082,099.09,457,006,465.34,18.27,0.54,减,:,库存股,0.00,0.00,0.00,未分配利润,17,572,277,003.95,12,155,497,995.04,5,416,779,008.91,44.56,6.36,少数股东权益,837,067,723.88,770,288,728.37,66,778,995.51,8.67,0.08,外币报表折算价差,10,133,985.43,16,584,555.69,-6,450,570.26,-38.90,-0.01,非正常经营项目收益调整,0.00,0.00,0.00,所有者权益,(,或股东权益,),合计,27,580,202,128.65,18,377,154,542.61,9,203,047,586.04,50.08,10.80,负债和所有者,(,或股东权益,),合计,107,566,899,919.95,85,211,594,207.30,22,355,305,712.65,26.24,26.24,上表可以看出,格力公司总资产本期增加,22,355,305,712.65,元,增长幅度为,26.24%,,这说明格力公司在报告期内资产规模有较大幅度增长,进一步分析可以得出:,1,流动资产本期增长,13,332,034,656.70,元,增长幅度为,18.58%,,使总资产规模增长,15.65%,。非流动资产本期增长,9,023,271,055.95,元,增长幅度为,67.06%,,使总资产规模上涨,10.59%,,两者合计使总资产增加了,22,355,305,712.65,元,增长幅度为,26.24%,。,2.,本期总资产的增长主要体现在流动资产的增长上,仅从这一变化来看,这也能说明公司资产的流动性有所增强。尽管各项目都有不同程度的增减变化,但是流动资产的增长主要体现在货币资金的大幅度增长。货币资金本期增长,12,903,111,950.37,元,增长幅度为,80.44%,,对总资产的影响是,15.14%,。货币资金的增长对提高企业的偿债能力、满足资金流动性需要都是有利的,但是同样要考虑资金的利用效果、企业需要的资金量以及闲置资金量。,3.,非流动资产的变动主要体现在固定资产的增长,本期增长了,4,991,257,213.25,元,增长幅度为,64.74%,,对总资产的影响为,5.86%,,是非流动资产中对总资产变动影响最大的项目。,4.,负债本期增长了,13,152,258,126.61,元,增长幅度为,19.68%,,使权益总额增加了,15.43%,,股东权益本期增加了,9,203,047,586.04,元,增长幅度为,50.08%,,使权益总额增长了,10.80%,,两者合计使权益总额本期增加了,22,355,305,712.65,元,增长幅度为,26.24%,。,5.,本期权益总额增长主要体现在负债上,流动负债增长是主要方面。流动负债本期增长了,14,637,343,871.02,元,幅度为,22.80%,,对权益总额影响为,17.18%,,这种变动有极大可能导致公司偿债压力的加大,增加财务风险,这将在后几章详细叙述。流动负债的增长主要表现在应付账款的增长,应付账款本期增长,7,028,648,332.14,元,增长幅度为,44.95%,,对权益总额的影响为,8.25%,。该项目的大幅度增长会给公司带来偿债压力,因而需要考虑企业的偿债能力。,资产负债表垂直分析,科目,2012,年,2011,年,2012,年(,%,),2011,年(,%,),变动情况(,%,),货币资金,28,943,921,701.45,16,040,809,751.08,26.91,18.82,8.08,交易性金融资产,263,460,017.40,16,489,122.00,0.24,0.02,0.23,应收票据,34,292,168,999.99,33,665,090,026.64,31.88,39.51,-7.63,应收账款,1,474,872,971.56,1,226,793,775.32,1.37,1.44,-0.07,预付款项,1,739,713,886.10,2,315,615,532.19,1.62,2.72,-1.10,其他应收款,290,356,401.60,634,476,234.68,0.27,0.74,-0.47,应收关联公司款,0.00,0.00,0.00,应收利息,710,865,583.57,242,739,720.96,0.66,0.28,0.38,应收股利,0.00,0.00,0.00,存货,17,235,042,562.70,17,503,107,339.56,16.02,20.54,-4.52,其中,:,消耗性生物资产,0.00,0.00,0.00,一年内到期的非流动资产,0.00,0.00,0.00,其他流动资产,137,242,997.76,110,488,963.00,0.13,0.13,0.00,流动资产合计,85,087,645,122.13,71,755,610,465.43,79.10,84.21,-5.11,可供出售金融资产,554,912,450.00,0.52,0.00,0.52,持有至到期投资,0.00,0.00,0.00,长期应收款,0.00,0.00,0.00,长期股权投资,28,159,992.30,16,876,644.41,0.03,0.02,0.01,投资性房地产,208,009,129.76,197,630,453.93,0.19,0.23,-0.04,固定资产,12,700,394,289.32,7,709,137,076.07,11.81,9.05,2.76,在建工程,2,304,317,913.92,2,171,661,342.21,2.14,2.55,-0.41,工程物资,0.00,0.00,0.00,固定资产清理,110,093.59,624,698.11,0.00,0.00,0.00,生产性生物资产,0.00,0.00,0.00,油气资产,0.00,0.00,0.00,无形资产,1,635,272,965.12,1,622,164,402.29,1.52,1.90,-0.38,开发支出,0.00,0.00,0.00,商誉,0.00,0.00,0.00,长期待摊费用,48,089,330.59,48,156,578.28,0.04,0.06,-0.01,递延所得税资产,2,911,085,198.23,1,689,732,546.57,2.71,1.98,0.72,其他非流动资产,2,088,903,434.99,1.94,0.00,1.94,非流动资产合计,22,479,254,797.82,13,455,983,741.87,20.90,15.79,5.11,资产总计,107,566,899,919.95,85,211,594,207.30,100.00,100.00,0.00,短期借款,3,520,642,063.91,2,739,286,399.90,3.27,3.21,0.06,交易性金融负债,0.00,0.00,0.00,应付票据,7,983,581,180.17,10,644,121,238.23,7.42,12.49,-5.07,应付账款,22,665,011,613.66,15,636,363,281.52,21.07,18.35,2.72,预收款项,16,630,113,200.83,19,752,693,733.70,15.46,23.18,-7.72,应付职工薪酬,1,357,672,403.95,729,428,961.21,1.26,0.86,0.41,应交税费,2,522,100,351.45,-679,569,415.94,2.34,-0.80,3.14,应付利息,20,199,098.55,16,594,175.22,0.02,0.02,0.00,应付股利,707,913.60,707,913.60,0.00,0.00,0.00,其他应付款,5,441,614,890.93,3,336,435,940.10,5.06,3.92,1.14,应付关联公司款,0.00,0.00,0.00,一年内到期的非流动负债,2,513,763,694.23,2,176,615,725.96,2.34,2.55,-0.22,其他流动负债,16,174,953,065.30,9,840,337,652.06,15.04,11.55,3.49,流动负债合计,78,830,359,476.58,64,193,015,605.56,73.28,75.33,-2.05,长期借款,984,463,173.32,2,582,204,889.28,0.92,3.03,-2.12,应付债券,0.00,0.00,0.00,长期应付款,0.00,0.00,0.00,专项应付款,0.00,0.00,0.00,预计负债,0.00,0.00,0.00,递延所得税负债,160,405,437.91,43,167,808.12,0.15,0.05,0.10,其他非流动负债,11,469,703.49,16,051,361.73,0.01,0.02,-0.01,非流动负债合计,1,156,338,314.72,2,641,424,059.13,1.07,3.10,-2.02,负债合计,79,986,697,791.30,66,834,439,664.69,74.36,78.43,-4.07,实收资本,(,或股本,),3,007,865,439.00,2,817,888,750.00,2.80,3.31,-0.51,资本公积,3,187,175,872.28,110,167,026.08,2.96,0.13,2.83,盈余公积,2,958,088,564.43,2,501,082,099.09,2.75,2.94,-0.19,减,:,库存股,0.00,0.00,0.00,未分配利润,17,572,277,003.95,12,155,497,995.04,16.34,14.27,2.07,少数股东权益,837,067,723.88,770,288,728.37,0.78,0.90,-0.13,外币报表折算价差,10,133,985.43,16,584,555.69,0.01,0.02,-0.01,非正常经营项目收益调整,0.00,0.00,0.00,所有者权益,(,或股东权益,),合计,27,580,202,128.65,18,377,154,542.61,25.64,21.57,4.07,负债和所有者,(,或股东权益,),合计,107,566,899,919.95,85,211,594,207.30,100.00,100.00,0.00,1.,从静态方面来看,本期流动资产比重为,79.10%,,比上期减少了,5.11%,,非流动资产比重占,20.90%,,比之上期增加了,5.11%,,但是流动资产仍然占较高的比重,说明本公司的资产流动性较强,资产风险较小。,2.,从动态方面来看,本期流动资产比重下降了,5.11%,,非流动资产比重上升了,5.11%,,从各项资产项目的结构变动来看,货币资金项目比重上升了,8%,,应收票据比重下降了,7.63%,,存货比重下降了,4.52%,,固定资产比重上升了,2.76%,,由此看来,公司的资产结构相对来说不是很稳定,各项资产项目变化幅度较大。,3.,再来看资本结构的变化,从静态方面来看,公司的股东权益比重为,25.64%,,负债比重为,74.36%,,由此看来资产负债率还是比较高的,相对来说财务风险也比较大。但是,这也并不能立刻确定这样的财务结构是否合适,必须要结合公司的盈利能力进行综合分析才能予以说明。,分析评价,资产结构,负债结构,股东权益结构,重点分析,资产结构的重点分析评价,一、经营资产与非经营资产的比例关系,企业所占有的资产是企业进行活动的物质基础,但不是所有的资产都是用于企业自身经营的,如果这些非经营资产所占比重过大,企业的经营能力就会垣小于企业总资产所表现出来的经营能力。,珠海格力电器股份有限公司经营资产与非经营资产结构分析表,项目,2012,年,2011,年,2012(%),2011 (%),变动情况,(%),经营资产,货币资金,28943921701,16040809751,26.91,18.82,8.08,预付款项,1739713886,2315615532,1.62,2.72,-1.10,存货,17235042563,17503107340,16.02,20.54,-4.52,固定资产,12700394289,7709137076,11.81,9.05,2.76,在建工程,2304317914,2171661342,2.14,2.55,-0.41,无形资产,1635272965,1622164402,1.52,1.90,-0.38,固定资产清理,110093.59,642698.11,0.0001,0.00075,-0.00065,其他流动资产,137242997.8,110488963,0.13,0.13,-0.002,经营资产总计,64696016410,47473627105,60.14,55.71,4.43,资产结构,非经营资产,发放贷款及垫款,2088903435,0,1.94,0,1.94,可供出售的金融资产,554912450,0,0.52,0,0.52,交易性金融资产,263460017.4,16489122,0.24,0.02,0.23,应收票据,34292169000,33665090027,31.88,39.51,-7.63,应收账款,1474872972,1226793775,1.37,1.44,-0.07,应收利息,710865583.6,242739721,0.66,0.28,0.38,应收股利,应收账款保理,其他应收款,290356401.6,634476234.7,0.27,0.74,-0.47,持有至到期投资,长期股权投资,28159992.3,16876644.41,0.023,0.02,0.006,投资性房地产,208009129.8,197630453.9,0.19,0.23,-0.04,开发支出,商誉,长期待摊费用,48089330.59,48156578.28,0.04,0.057,-0.01,递延所得税资产,2911085198,1689732547,2.71,1.98,0.72,其他非流动资产,非经营资产总计,42870883510,37737985103,39.86,44.29,-4.43,资产总计,1.07567E+11,85211612207,100,100,0,根据上表可以看出,企业的经营资产有所增长,非经营资产相对减少了,经营资产的比重增加了,4.43%,,经营资产的增长速度高于非经营资产的增长速度,表明格力集团的实际经营能力有所增长。,二、固定资产与流动资产的比例关系,一般而言,企业固定资产与流动资产之间只有保持合理的比例结构,才能形成现实的生产能力,否则,就有可能造成部分生产能力的闲置或加工能力不足。,根据资产负债表垂直分析表可以看出,珠海格力电器股份有限公司,2012,年度流动资产比重为,79.10%,,固定资产比重为,11.81%,,固流比例大致为,1,:,10,,,2011,年度流动资产比重为,84.21%,,固定资产比重为,9.05%,,固流比例大致为,1.5,:,10,,固流比例比较稳定。,资产结构的重点分析评价,负债结构,珠海格力电器股份有限公司负债期限结构分析表,项目,金额,结构,(%),2012,年,2011,年,2012,年,2011,年,差异,流动负债,78830359477,64193015606,98.55,96.05,2.51,长期负债,1156338315,2641424059,1.45,3.95,-2.51,负债合计,79986697791,66834439665,100,100,0,负债期限结构更能说明企业的负债筹资政策。,从上表可以看出,珠海格力电器股份有限公司,2012,年流动负债比重高达,98.55%,,比上期提高了,2.51%,,表明格力集团在使用负债资金时,以短期资金为主。由于流动负债对企业的流动性要求较高,因此,企业所奉行的负债筹资政策虽然会增加公司的偿债压力,承担较大的财务风险,但同时也会降低公司的负债成本。,资产结构的重点分析评价,股东权益结构,珠海格力电器股份有限公司股东权益结构变动情况分析表,项目,金额,结构,(%),2012,年,2011,年,2012,年,2011,年,差异,股本,3007865439,2817888750,11.25,16.004,-4.76,资本公积,3187175872,110167026.1,11.92,0.63,11.29,投入资本总计,6195041311,2928055776,23.16,16.63,6.53,盈余公积,2958088564,2501082099,11.06,14.21,-3.14,一般风险准备,7593539.63,5645388.34,0.03,0.03,-0.004,未分配利润,17572277004,12155497995,65.71,69.04,-3.33,外币报表折算差额,10133985.43,16584555.69,0.04,0.09,-0.06,内部形成权益资金总计,20548093093,14678810038,76.84,83.37,-6.53,归属母公司股东权益合计,26743134405,17606865814,100,100,0,从上表可以看出,如果从静态方面分析,投入资本增加,,2012,年比,11,年增加了,6.53%,。从动态方面分析,投入资本的比重上升了,6.53%,,内部形成的权益资金比重下降了,6.53%,,说明该公司股东权益结构的变化主要是由于投入资本的增加而引起的,企业存在一定的财务风险,需要调整股东权益结构,提高企业的权益资金。,利润表分析评价,水平分析,格力电器股份有限公司利润水平分析表,单位:元,项目,2012,年度,2011,年度,增减额,增减(,%,),一、营业收入,100,110,108,848.26,83,517,252,467.96,16,592,856,380.30,19.87%,减:营业成本,73,434,010,276.42,68,150,195,402.90,5,283,814,873.52,7.75%,营业税金及附加,589,953,598.68,497,908,049.44,92,045,549.24,18.49%,销售费用,14,626,228,488.10,8,050,408,236.13,6,575,820,251.97,81.68%,管理费用,4,055,809,619.26,2,783,266,091.12,1,272,543,528.14,45.72%,财务费用,-461,347,589.66,-452,707,594.56,-8,639,995.10,-1.91%,资产减值损失,65,537,123.92,-20,594,720.97,86,131,844.89,418.22%,加:公允价值变动损益,246,884,832.05,-57,508,666.64,304,393,498.69,529.30%,投资收益,-20,494,376.82,91,094,084.92,-111,588,461.74,-122.50%,其中:对联营企业和合营企业的投资收益,8,732,172.23,-4,910,452.65,13,642,624.88,277.83%,二、营业利润,8,026,307,883.07,4,542,306,424.20,3,484,001,458.87,76.70%,加:营业外收入,760,383,226.00,1,845,785,553.25,-1,085,402,327.25,-58.80%,减:营业外支出,23,981,836.80,59,531,551.97,-35,549,715.17,-59.72%,其中:非流动资产流动损失,14,294,914.48,7,015,131.03,7,279,783.45,103.77%,三、利润总额,8,762,709,272.27,6,328,560,425.48,2,434,148,846.79,38.46%,减:所得税费用,1,316,781,289.57,1,031,219,882.41,285,561,407.16,27.69%,四、净利润,7,445,927,982.70,5,297,340,543.07,2,148,587,439.63,40.56%,归属于母公司股东的净利润,7,379,666,345.09,5,236,938,608.43,2,142,727,736.66,40.92%,少数股东损益,66,261,637.61,60,401,934.64,5,859,702.97,9.70%,五、每股收益,(一)基本每股收益,2.47,1.86,0.61,32.80%,(二)稀释每股收益,2.47,1.86,0.61,32.80%,一、净利润分析,格力电器股份有限公司,2012,年实现净利润,7,445,927,982.70,元,比上年增长了,2,148,587,439.63,元,增长率为,40.56%,,增长幅度较高。从水平分析表看,公司净利润增长主要是利润总额比上年 增长,2,434,148,846.79,元引起的,由于所得税费用比上年增长,285,561,407.16,元,二者相抵,导致净利润增长了,2,148,587,439.63,元。,二、利润总额分析,利润总额是反映企业全部财务成果的指标,它不仅反映企业的营业利润,而且反映企业的营业外收支情况。格力电器股份有限公司利润总额增长了,2,434,148,846.79,元,关键原因是公司营业外支出减少引起的,公司营业外支出减少,35,549,715.17,元,下降了,59.72%,;同时,营业利润增长也是导致利润总额增长的有力因素,营业利润比上年增长了,3,484,001,458.87,元,增长率为,76.70%,,营业外收入的减少了,1,085,402,327.25,元。综合作用的影响,导致利润总额增加了,2,434,148,846.79,元。,三、营业利润分析,格力电器股份有限公司营业利润增加主要是营业收入和公允价值变动损益的增加所致。营业收入比上年增加,16,592,856,380.30,元,增长率,19.87%,;公允价值变动损益的增加,导致营业利润增加了,304,393,498.69,元。使得营业利润增加,3,484,001,458.87,元,增长了,76.70%,。,利润表分析评价,垂直分析,格力电器股份有限公司利润垂直分析表,单位:元,项目,2012,年,2011,年,一、营业收入,100%,100%,减:营业成本,73.35%,81.6%,营业税金及附加,0.59%,0.60%,销售费用,14.61%,9.64%,管理费用,4.05%,3.33%,财务费用,-0.46%,-0.54%,资产减值损失,0.07%,-0.02%,加:公允价值变动损益,0.25%,-0.07%,投资收益,-0.02%,-0.11%,其中:对联营企业和合营企业的投资收益,0.000087%,-0.000059%,二、营业利润,8.01%,5.44%,加:营业外收入,0.76%,2.21%,减:营业外支出,0.02%,0.07%,其中:非流动资产流动损失,0.01%,0.000084%,三、利润总额,8.75%,7.58%,减:所得税费用,1.31%,1.23%,四、净利润,7.44%,6.34%,从表中可以看出格力电器股份有限公司,2012,年度各项财务成果的构成情况。其中,营业利润占营业收入的比重为,8.01%,,比上年度的,5.44%,增长了,2.57%,;,2012,年度的利润总额的构成为,8.75%,,比上年度的,7.58%,增长了,1.17%,;,2012,年度净利润的构成为,7.44%,,比上年度的,6.34%,增长了,1.1%,。可见,从利润的构成上看,格力电器股份有限公司盈利能力比上年度略有所提高。格力电器股份有限公司各项财务成果结构变化的原因,从营业利润结构看,主要是销售费用、管理费用、财务费用、资产减值损失结构上升所致,说明销售费用、管理费用、财务费用、资产减值损失是降低营业利润的根本原因。但是利润总额构成增长的主要原因,还在于营业外支出比重的下降。另外,营业成本、营业税金及附加下降,对营业利润、利润总额和净利润结构都带来一定的有利影响。,营业利润,盈利毛利,重点分析,项目,2012,年度,2011,年度,增减额,增减(,%,),一、营业收入,100,110,108,848.26,83,517,252,467.96,16,592,856,380.30,19.87%,减:营业成本,73,434,010,276.42,68,150,195,402.90,5,283,814,873.52,7.75%,二、营业毛利,26,676,098,571.84,15,367,057,065.06,11,309,041,506.78,73.59%,减:营业税金及附加,589,953,598.68,497,908,049.44,92,045,549.24,18.49%,销售费用,14,626,228,488.10,8,050,408,236.13,6,575,820,251.97,81.68%,管理费用,4,055,809,619.26,2,783,266,091.12,1,272,543,528.14,45.72%,财务费用,-461,347,589.66,-452,707,594.56,-8,639,995.10,-1.91%,资产减值损失,65,537,123.92,-20,594,720.97,86,131,844.89,418.22%,加:公允价值变动损益,246,884,832.05,-57,508,666.64,304,393,498.69,529.30%,投资收益,-20,494,376.82,91,094,084.92,-111,588,461.74,-122.50%,三、营业利润,8,026,307,883.07,4,542,306,424.20,3,484,001,458.97,76.70%,格力电器股份有限公司营业利润水平分析表,一、营业利润分析,格力电器股份有限公司,2012,年实现营业利润,8,026,307,883.07,元,比上年增长了,3,484,001,458.97,元,增长率为,76.70%,,增长幅度较大。从水平分析表上看,公司营业利润增长主要是营业毛利比上年增长,11,309,041,506.78,元引起的,同时财务费用比上年减少,8,639,995.10,元、公允价值变动损益比上年增加,304,393,498.69,,也是导致营业利润增长的有利因素;由于营业税金及附加比上年增加,92,045,549.24,元、销售费用比上年增加,6,575,820,251.97,、管理费用比上年增加,1,272,543,528.14,元、资产减值损失比上年增加,86,131,844.89,元、投资收益比上年减少,111,588,461.74,元,都是导致营业利润下降的不利因素。增减因素相抵,导致营业利润增长了,3,484,001,458.97,元。,二、营业毛利分析,格力电器股份有限公司营业毛利,2012,年比上年增加,11,309,041,506.78,元,增长率为,73.59%,,最关键的因素是营业收入的大幅增长,公司营业收入增加,16,592,856,380.30,元,增长率为,19.87%,;但由于营业成本增加,5,283,814,873.52,元,对营业毛利造成不利影响。增减相抵,导致营业毛利增加,11,309,041,506.78,元。,现金流量表分析评价,水平分
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