英语单项学习提高

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,1.冠词（4点）,除复习冠词的基本用法外，其“例外”用法值得注意。,1).表示“某一”的意思时，专有名词及月份、星期的名词前用a或an。例如：,On a Saturday morning he got lost in the mountain.,2).a/an+名词+修饰性的定语从句或介词短语。例如：,Mrs.Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter who has _ gift for painting she has won two national prizes.（2005浙江）,a;a,B.an;the,C.an;a D.the;a,又如：,For him _ stage is just _ means of making a living.(2006山东),a;a,B.the;a,C.the;the D.a;the,3).,在句中第一次出现的名词不等于不特指，完全看语境的暗示。例如：,I knocked over my coffee cup.It went right over _ keyboard.,You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer.,(2006,北京,),A.the;,不填,B.the;a,C.a;,不填,D.a;a,The stage 影员职业;go on the stage 从事影艺职业;on stage 在演出,4).music、nature、society前通常不用冠词，除非特指。例如：,I know you dont like _ music very much.But what do you think of _ music in the film we saw yesterday?(2006全国III),/;/B.the;the,C.the;/,D./;the,2.形容词、副词（3点）,1).几个形容词作定语的排序问题。,理论上若干形容词可共同作一个名词的定语，其排列顺序是：描绘形容词+大小(长短高低)形容词+形状形容词+年龄(新旧)形容词+颜色形容词+国籍形容词+材料形容词+用途(类别)形容词+名词。,例如：,This _ girl is Linds cousin.(2005北京),A.pretty little Spanish,B.Spanish little pretty,C.Spanish pretty little,D.little pretty Spanish,2).绝不能忽略less、least及,worse,worst等表示“更少”、,“最少”、“更糟”、“最糟”等概念,的比较级和最高级的使用。例,如：,Alan is a careful driver,but he drives _ of my friends.（2007上海）,more carefullyB.the most carefully,C.less carefully,D.the least carefully,3).cannottoo无论也不过分/cannotmore再不过了。例如：,Must I turn off the gas after cooking?,Of course.You can never be _ careful with that.(2005江西),enough,B.too,C.so D.very,Go for a picnic this weekend,OK?,_.I love getting close to nature.(2004,福建,),A.,I couldnt agree more,B.Im afraid not,C.I believe not D.I dont think so,3.代词(2点),指代词指一种情况,:,例如：,Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.(2006,山东,),A.that,B.it,C.this D.you,又如：,I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full.(NMET1998),A.it,B.that C.these D.them,2).one,、,the one,都可以作同位语。被说明的名词为特指时，同位语用,the one,，反之则用,one,。例如：,My,most,famous relative of all,_ who really left his mark on America,was Rob Sussel,my great grandfather.,（,2006,江苏）,one,B.the one,C.he D.someone,4.动词的时态（4点）,1).时间、条件状语从句中的谓语动词可以用完成时替代将来时。例如：,_ leave at the end of this month.,I dont think you should do that until _ another job.(2006北京),Im going to;youd found,B.Im going to;youve found,C.Ill;youll find,D.Ill;youd find,2).,一般过去时可以与段时间连用。例如：,I _ in London for many years,but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China.（2006重庆）,A.lived,B.was living,C.have lived D.had lived,3).,It is/was the first/second time+完成时。例如：,Do you know our town at all?,No,this is the first time I _ here.(NMET91),was,B.have been,C.came D.am coming,4).表示思维的动词，如：think、,want、hope、plan、intend、,mean、suppose等可以用过去完,成时或一般过去时表示事与愿违的,情况。例如：,Ouch!You hurt me!,I am sorry.But I _ any harm.I _ to drive a rat out.（2007江西）,didnt mean;tried,B.dont mean;am trying,C.havent meant;tried,D.didnt mean;was trying,5.情态动词（2点）,1).表示猜测、推测：,must用在肯定句中；,can,could用在疑问句中；,may,might,can,could用在肯定句或否定句中。may、might侧重从事实的角度做出猜测，而can、could则侧重从逻辑角度做出猜测。,例如：,Helen _ go on the trip with us,but she,isnt quite sure yet.（2005安徽）,shall B.must,C.may,D.can,又如：,Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake.,It _ Harrys.He always wears green.(2005,广东,),has to be B.will be,C.mustnt be,D.could be,2).表示埋怨、责怪：,should(not)+have done,ought(not)to+have done,could+have done,neednt+have done,例如：,My cats really fat.,You _ have given her so much food.（2007浙江）,wouldnt B.couldnt,C.shouldnt,D.mustnt,6.非谓语动词(7点),1),非谓语动词的基本概念,:,例如：,There have been several new,events _ to the program for,the 2008 Beijing Olympic,Games.(2006北京),A.add B.to add,C.adding,D.added,2),英汉结构的差异,:,如：,Dont sit there _ nothing.Come,and help me with this table.,（,2006,湖北),A.do B.to do,C.doing,D.and doing,3).非谓语动词的时间差,to do表示经常、将要或正在进行的动作，to be doing强调正在进行,to have done则表示已经发生的动作。,doing表示经常或正在进行的动作，having done表示已经完成的动作。,done表示已经完成的动作。,4)非谓语动词的辩义:,例如：,_ this cake,youll need 2 eggs,175 g sugar and 175 g flour.(2006广东),A.Having made B.Make,C.To make,D.Making,再如：,5)非谓语的时间差:,After he became conscious,，he remembered,_ and _on the head with a rod,(2006江西),A.to attack;hit,Bto be attacked；to be hit,C.attacking；be hit,D,.having been attacked,；hit,6).独立主格结构,独立主格结构的构成形式；,独立主格结构的逻辑主语。,例如：,The children went home from the,grammar school,their lessons,_ for the,day.（2007重庆）,A.finishing,B.finished,C.had finished D.were finished,又如：,John received an invitation to dinner,and with,his work,_,he gladly accepted it.（2007安徽）,A.finished,B.finishing,C.having finished D.was finished,再如：,Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.,Sorry.With,so much work,_ my mind,I almost break down.（2007福建）,A.filled,B.filling,C.to fillD.being filled,7).非谓语动词作状语为已知条件，在选择句子时，要考虑句子的主语与非谓语动词的逻辑关系。例如：,Faced with a bill for,$10,000,_.(2006全国II),A.John has taken an extra job,B.the boss has given John an extra job,C.an extra job has been taken,D.an extra job has been given to John,8).下列动词短语中的to为介词：object to be/get used to,be dedicated to（专注于）,be devoted to look forward to contribute to pay attention to,be adjusted to（适应于）,be adapted