语法动词ing的用法

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,动词,-ing,形式的用法,The ing Form of Verbs,现在分词与动名词的基本形式你知道吗？,那么简单，谁不知道。是由动词末尾加,-ing,形式构成，因此又叫动词的,-ing,形式,。,V+-ing,The,ing form,构成：,1.,一般情况,rain-,2.,以,e,结尾的动词,hope-,3.,重读闭音节的动词,stop-,4.,以,ie,结尾的动词,die- lie-,tie-,raining,hoping,stopping,dying,lying,tying,归纳总结：,动词,-ing,是,_,中的一种，单独使用时，能在句中做除,_,之外的任何其他句子成分。如：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。,在语态上，动词,-ing,表示,_,（主动,/,被动,),的动作。在时间上，动词,-ing,一般表示,_,（正在进行,/,已经完成）的动作。,动词非谓语形式,谓语,主动,正在进行,Ing,时 态 和 语 态,类 别,及 物,动 词,形式,主 动,被 动,一般式,doing,being done,完成式,having done,having been done,重点,注：否定式在其一般式和完成式前面加,not,作主语：动名词,(,动词,ing,形式在句中做主语、宾语、表语时，其作用相当于抽象名词,),Teaching,is my full-time job.,Writing,an English composition is not easy.,Its useless,taking,this kind of medicine.,归纳：常用,-ing,形式作主语的句型有：,It +be +a waste of time doing,做,是浪费时间的,It is/was no good/use doing,做,是没益,/,用处的,It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing,做,不值得,It is/was worth/worthwhile doing,做,是值得的,There be no doing,无法,， 不允许,There is no sense in doing,做、没有道理,There is/was no use doing,干、无意义,There is/was nothing worse than doing,没有比、更糟的,There is/was no point doing,干、无意义,我们不知道要去哪儿。,There was no knowing where we would go.,做这件傻事毫无意义。,There is no point doing such a silly thing.,和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。,It,is useless,trying to argue with Shylock,这事值得去做。,It,s worth,making the effort,若要人不知，除非己莫为。,There is no,hiding of evil,but not to do it,这种事开不得玩笑。,There is no,joking about such matter,.,作表语,（,1,）动名词,My job is,teaching,.,=,Teaching,is my job.,Her full-time job is,laying,eggs.,=,Laying,eggs is her full-time job,.,（,2,）现在分词,The play is,exciting,.,Exciting,is the play.,The story he told us was very,interesting,.,Interesting,was the story he told us.,动名词做表语对主语解释说明，可与句子的主语互换，不影响原意。,现在分词的动作是句中主语发出的，主语与分词存在逻辑主谓关系，不能与主语互换位置。,作宾语,1.,只接动名词的动词：,避免错过少延期,avoid/ miss/ delay/ postpone,建议完成多练习,suggest/advise/finish/complete/ practice,喜欢想象禁不住,enjoy/ imagine/ cant help,承认否定与嫉妒,admit/ deny/ envy,逃避冒险莫宽恕,escape/ risk/ forgive/ excuse,忍受保持不介意,stand/ keep/ mind,允许感激和考虑,allow/ permit/ appreciate/ consider,明白鼓励要禁止,understand/ encourage/ forbid,2.,意义一致,Like/ hate/ begin/ start/ love/ continue/ prefer,Like to do,具体的将来的一次的,Like doing,习惯性经常性的,I like,playing,football.,I like,to play,football this afternoon.,3.,意义不一致,remember/ forget/ regret,I forgot,to post,your letter.,未做,I forgot,posting,your letter.,做了,B. mean/ try,Mean,to do,打算,mean,doing,意味着,Try,to do,努力,try,doing,试着,C. stop/ go on,stop to do,另一件,stop doing,同一件,D. need/ want/ require,The flowers need,watering.,Doing,用主动,The flowers need,to be watered.,to be done,用被动,接动名词作宾语的,词组,(,举例,),：,介词,+doing,preferto,be used to,lead to,devote oneself to,stick to,look forward to (to,为介词）,admit to,no use,Its worth,as well as,cant help,Its no use /good,be tired of,be fond of,be afraid of,be proud of,hold off,put off,keep on,insist on set about,be successful in,good at,take up give up,prevent from,think of / about,作宾语补足语,表示宾语进行的动作，具有主动和进行的含义,I heard the girl,singing,in the classroom.,I noticed a long queue outside the bank,waiting,for it to open.,The baby watched his dad,shaving,his face with great interest.,常见,ing,作宾语补足语出现在下列动词后，见课本,145,页,动名词作定语表示性质或用途。,a,washing,machine,a machine for washing,a,swimming,pool,a pool for swimming,This is a new washing machine.,作定语,作定语,现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。,a,developing,country,a country which is developing,a,sleeping,boy,a boy who is sleeping,The man,talking with my father,is Mr. Wang.,China is a,developing,country.,作 状 语,现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方式）等，具有主动和进行的含义。表示其动作与句子的谓语是同时的。,Hearing,the cry for help, he rushed out.,（时间）,Being,ill, he went home.,（原因）,European football is played in 80 countries,making,it the most popular sport in the world.,（结果）,He read a magazine,waiting,for the bus.,（,伴随,）,Seeing,from the hill, you can get the whole town,.,(,条件）,注意：分词,(,短语,),作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。,1.,Comparing,all the great people with each other, youll find that they have much in common.,2.,Finding,her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.,3.,The train,having,gone, we had to wait another day.,分析,:,前两例中,-ing,形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。最后一例中,having gone,的逻辑主语是,the train,。,根据这个性质,我们在使用,-ing,形式作状语时,切记不要在前面或后面的句子前用连词连接。如,: Walkingonthefallenleavesinautumn,soyoullfeelverycomfortable.(),注意：,-ing,形式,(,短语,),的功能有时,相当于一个状语从句。,分析,:,如前所述,-ing,形式短语相当于一个状语从句,所以后半句中的连词,so,的使用是错误的,应该去掉。,原句应改为,: Walkingonthefallenleavesinautumn,youll,feelverycomfortable.,简单了解,一般式与完成式的时间意义,1.,Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater.,2.,Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already,I didnt take much notice.,ing,形式的完成式所表示的时间在谓语动词之前,ing,形式的一般式所表示的时间与谓语动词无明显的先后顺序,观察下列,2,个句子,体会,having done,与,doing,的不同的用法,(1),Having written,the letter, John went to the post office.,(2),Seeing,the beautiful sight, the children felt excited.,总结,:,V-ing,doing,having done,表动作,有先有后,表动作,同时发生,一般式,完成式,The end,