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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,名词及名词的所有格,名词:表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词,(一)名词的分类。,名词分为普通名词和专有名词,普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,不可数名词没有复数,可数名词可用作单数和复数。,可数名词包括个体名词(表示一类人或物的个体。如:boy,desk,cat,window)和集体名词(由若干个体组成的集合体。如:family,class,police)。,不可数名词包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的实物。如:water,paper,silk,money)和抽象名词(表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。如:work,happiness,music,difficulty,housework),专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。如:Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,France,the United States)。,(二)名词的数,1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种:,(1)可数名词的复数规则如下:,a.以 o 结尾的词,只有tomato加es. tomato-tomatoes西红柿,b. 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词加es. bus-buses公共汽车watch-watches手表class-classe班级/课, address-addresses地址, wish-wishes愿望, speech-speeches演讲,c.以辅音字母加 y 结尾的,把改为 I 再加es. strawberry-strawberries草莓city-cities城市comedy-comedies喜剧 documentary-documentaries记录片party-parties聚会dictionary-dictionaries字典family-families家庭hobby-hobbies爱好,d.另外: tooth-teeth 牙齿 life-lives 生活.,e.其他的可数名词只加s,f.以元音字母结尾的名词,变复数时情况如下:,加eg.tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes,结尾是两个元音字母的加s,eg.zoozoos,radioradios,某些外来词变复数时词尾加s,eg. pianopianos,一些名词的缩写形式变复数时,词尾加s,eg.photo(photograph)photos,kilo(kilogram)kilos,zero变复数时,既可加s,也可加 eg.zeroszeroes,g.有些名词由单数变复数时,不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字母。eg. manmen,womanwomen,policemanpolicemen,EnglishmanEnglishmen, footfeet, toothteeth, childchildren,mousemice,oxoxen,h.还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。eg.Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish,i.另一些名词本身即是复数形式,不可用作单数。eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors,另外,当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时,这个名词一般用单数。eg.an apple tree,five apple trees,a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister但是,当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时,就要用其复数形式。eg.two men teachers,three women doctors可用“量词+of+名词复数”这一结构表示可数名词的数量。eg.a room of students,two boxes of pencils,2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式,如broccoli花椰菜French fries炸薯条ice冰ice cream 冰淇淋salad 沙拉它的“量”的表示方式如下。(1)表不定数量时,一般用much,(a)little,a lot oflots of,some,any等修饰。eg.much money,a little bread,(2)表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。如:twothree+量词复数十of+不可数名词。eg. a bag of rice,two glasses of milk,four bottles of water,3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义有所不同。,eg: fruit水果fruits表示不同种类的水果;food食物foods各种食品;fish鱼fishes鱼的种类;drink饮料、酒a drink一杯一份饮料、一杯酒; cloth布,a cloth桌布、抹布; sand沙sands沙滩; tea茶a tea一杯茶;chicken鸡肉a chicken小鸡;orange橘汁an orange橘子; glass玻璃a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜; paper纸a paper试卷、论文;wood木头a wood小森林;room空间、余地a room房间,(三)名词的所有格:名词的所有格(表示人或物的所属关系,意为“的”,相当于of),(1)有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。,不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,在词尾加s.eg.Mikes watch;Womens Day,以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,只加。eg.teachersoffice,studentsrooms,两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同所有,只需在最后一个名词后加s.,eg.Tom and Mikes room汤姆和迈克的房间(表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房),两个或两个以上名词并列,表示分别所有,需在几个名词后都加s.,eg.Marys and Jennys bikes玛丽和詹妮的自行车(表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车),(2)无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构eg.a map of China,the beginning of this game,the door of the room,(3)特殊形式,可用s和of短语表示的名词所有格。eg.the boys name=the name of the boy(男孩的名字)the dogs legs=the legs of the dog(狗的腿)Chinas population=the population of China(中国的人口)Chinas capital=the capital of China(中国的首都),双重所有格eg.a fiend of my mothers我妈妈的一个朋友a picture of Toms汤姆的,一、写出下列词的复数形式,baby_case_knife_photo_Chinese_hamburger_,potato_key_watch_ name_ strawberry_ tomato_dollar_orange_people_ documentary_ boy_piano_child_man_this_ that_ she_you_bus_ wish_ Japanese_am_,二、翻译短语,五门学科_ 三部电影_,一些动作片_ 许多手表_,一点食品_ 一点蔬菜_,四辆公共汽车_ 三块鸡肉_,一些工作_ 许多作业_,三、选择填空,( )1.There on the wall .They are beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo,( )2. This kind of car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were,( )3. 11. In Britain _ are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box,( )4. Thats art book. A. an B. a C. the,( )5. The boys have got already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread,( )6. The old man wants . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples,( )7. There some in the river. A. is ,fish B. are, fishes C. are ,fish,( )8. There two in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch,( )9. We should clean twice a day. A .our tooth B. our tooths C. our teeth,( )10.The _ meeting room is near the reading room. A.teacher B.teachers C.teachers,四、把下列句子变成复数句。,1. This is my friend.,2. This is a bike.,3. That is her brother.,4. This is a book.,5. That is an eraser.,6. It is a red orange.,7. He is a teacher.,8. Whats this?,9. This is my brother.,10. He is a Chinese boy.,11. I am a student.,12. A photo is on the wall.,13. You are a Chinese.,14. It is an action movie.,15. She has a nice dress.,五、改错。,1. I want to see a Beijing Opera._,2. The student does a few homework every day._,3. I want to go to movie._,4. We can see much clothes in the store._,5. Does she have three cousin?_,6. They are Japaneses._,7. I have some apple._,
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