专升本辅导状语从句

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The Adverbial Clause,(状语从句),一,什么是状语从句,状语从句在复合句中作状语,来说明一件事情发生的时间,地点,原因,条件,结果等.,二,状语从句的分类,时间，地点，条件，原因，让步,，,目的，方式，结果，比较,一 时间状语从句,when/whenever,When I came into the room,he was writing a letter.,当我进屋时，他正在写信。,We shall go there whenever we are free.,我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。,when,指的是“某一具体的时间”。,whenever,指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。,2,when/while/as,When,既可指某一时间点,也可指一段时间;,while,指“在某一段时间里”，“在期间”，引导的动作必须是持续性的;,as,强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。,翻译成”一边一边”,When he returned,his wife was cooking.,While he was reading,his wife was cooking.,As he was reading,he was listening to the radio.,注意:,when/while,都可以做并列连词,连接并列句,when,表示,“就在这时”,和,“was doing”,“had just done”,和,“was about to do”,连用,;while,则表示转折,“然而”,I was walking in the street,when,suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.,我正在街上走着，,就在这时,忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。,My father was cooking,while,my mother was playing cards.,3,“一就”,As soon as,I arrive in Shanghai,Ill write to you.,upon(on)+V-ing,/n.,at+n,.,The crying boy smiled at the sight of his mother.,on arriving(leaving,returning),2.immediately+,句子,3.the+,时间名词,(minute/moment,)+,句子,hardlywhen,no soonerthan,我刚一到家，就下雨了。,I,had hardly got,home,when,it,began to rain.,=,Hardly had I got,home,when,it,began,to rain.,=,No sooner,had I got home,than,it began to rain.,4,before,It will be+一段时间+before从句(does),要过,才能做,It will,not,be+一段时间+before从句,要不了 就能做,It was+一段时间+before从句(did),过了做了,It was,not,+一段时间+before从句(did),没过做了,5,since,It is/has been+一段时间since 从句(did),It is 10 years,since I smoked.(=I gave up smoking/dropped smoking),自从我不抽烟已有10年了.,延续性动词:反过来翻译,短暂性动词:直译,6,till/until(在句首、与not无间隔连用及在强调句中只用until),We,waited,till(until)he came back.我们一直等到他回来。,She,didnt,stop working,until,eleven oclock.她到11点钟才停止工作。,如主句动词是,延续性动作,，常用,肯定式，,表示“,直到为止,”;,如主句动词是,瞬间动词,，常用,否定式,，表示“,直到,才,”,not until 句型,与强调句型结合,I didnt go to sleep,until he came back.,与倒装句式结合,It was not until,he came back,that,I,went to sleep.,Not until,he came back,did I,go,to sleep.,三 原因状语从句,because/since,because,表示直接的原因,具有很强的因果关系,专门回答对,“why”,的提问;,since=now that,表示很明显的原因,翻译成“既然”，通常放句首;,Eg:It was,because,his mother was badly ill that he was unhappy.,Since,everyone knows it,I will not say anything.,for,不是从属连词，而是,并列连词,。它不是用来说明原因，而是用来表示一种附带或补充解释、说明，不放在句首。,The day breaks,for the birds are singing.,四 条件状语从句,1,连接词：,if,unless(ifnot),so/as long as,2,注意点：,分清真实条件句和非真实条件句，非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气,If I were you,I would ask the police for help.,条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来时,在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中,表示与事,实相反的条件和结果。,1)与现在事实相反：,If 从句 ,主句 +V原,2)与过去事实相反：,If 从句had Ved,主句 +have Ved,3)与将来事实相反：,If 从句 ,主句 +V原,were,V-ed,should(would,could,might),should,(would,could,might),did,should,were to,should(would,could,might),1、表示与,现在,事实相反的假设和结果,eg.If I,were,you,I,would go,at once.,我是你的话，我会马上走。,eg.If my brother,were,here,everything,would be,all right.,要是我哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。,2.表示与,过去,事实相反的假设或结果,eg.If you,had come,a few minutes earlier,you,would/could/might have met,the famous singer.,如果你早来几分钟的话，你就会（可能会）见到那个著名歌唱家。,eg.If I,had had,the money last week,I,should/would/could/might have bought,a car.,如果我上星期有了这笔钱，我就会（可能）买1辆车。,3、表示与,将来,事实可能相反的假设和结果,eg.If it,were,sunny tomorrow,I would come to see you.,明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。,If it,should rain,the crops would be saved.,假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）得救。,If it,were to snow,this evening,they would not go out.如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。,五 目的状语从句,so that/in order that,引导目的状语,从句,常用情态动词,may(might)/,can(could)/should,等连用.,I raised my voice,so that,everyone,could,hear me.,六 结果状语从句,so,that/sothat/suchthat,I raised my voice,so that,everyone,heard me.,He was,so,excited,that,he couldnt,say a word.,She told us,such,an interesting story,that,we all forgot the time.,sothat的so后面跟形容词或副词;such 在主句中修饰名词,Draw a cat,as,I taught you.,按照我教你的画一只猫。,Do,as,you are told.,按照人家告诉你做的去做。,七 方式状语从句,as，按照或正如,They treat the black boy,as if(though),he were an animal.,他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。,as if/as though好象,似乎,八 让步状语从句,though/although,不能与but连用,但可与yet或still连用,Although(Though)he was over sixty,(yet)he began to learn French.,even if/even though,“即使,纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。,Ill go even if(though)it rains tomorrow.,即使明天下雨，我也要去,。,no matter+疑问词/whever,as 倒装句,Child as he is,he knows a lot.,尽管他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。,Cold as it is,(=Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.,尽管天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。,Do it no matter what others say.,No matter how busy he was,he studied,English every day.,as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。,九 比 较 状 语 从 句,asas,not so as,the same as,suchas,than,His book is,the same as,mine.,他的书和我的一样。,Henry,is not such,a good worker,as,Peter.,享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。,倍数表达法,他们的房子是我们的两倍.,Their room is,twice bigger than,ours.,Their room is,twice as big as,ours.,Their room is,twice the size of,ours.,Length/height/weight/width,