基于TCPIP的互连网络CICND10S08A

Body Text,Second Level,Third Level,Fourth Level,Fifth Level,Slide Title, 1999,Cisco Systems, Inc.,ICND8-,92,第六章基于,TCP/IP,的互连网络,通过本章的学习，您应该掌握以下内容,：,了解,TCP/IP,协议栈，各个分层的主要功能、,IP,协议的应用,掌握,IP,地址分类，子网掩码的作用，识别网络标识号、主机标识号，子网的数目,学会在路由器的端口正确设置,IP,地址和子网掩码,用路由器连接两个不同的,VLAN,实现通讯,本章目标,早期的协议族,全球范围,TCP/IP,介绍,主机,Internet,TCP/IP,主机,TCP/IP,协议族,7,6,5,4,3,2,5,4,3,2,应用层,表达层,会话层,传输层,网络层,数据链路层,物理层,1,应用层,传输层,Internet,层,数据链路层,物理层,1,应用层概述,* 路由器使用,应用层,传输层,Internet,层,数据链路层,物理层,文件传输,- TFTP *,- FTP *,- NFS,E-Mail,- SMTP,远程登陆,- Telnet *,- rlogin *,网络管理,- SNMP *,名称管理,- DNS*,传输层概述,Transmission Control,Protocol (TCP),User Datagram,Protocol (UDP),应用层,传输层,Internet,层,数据链路层,物理层,面向连接,非面向连接,TCP,数据格式,Source port (16),Destination port (16),Sequence number (32),Headerlength (4),Acknowledgement number (32),Reserved (6),Code bits (6),Window (16),Checksum (16),Urgent (16),Options (0 or 32 if any),Data (varies),20,Bytes,Bit 0,Bit 15,Bit 16,Bit 31,端口号,TCP,端口号,FTP,传输层,TELNET,DNS,SNMP,TFTP,SMTP,UDP,应用层,21,23,25,53,69,161,RIP,520,TCP,端口号,源端口,目标端口,Host A,1028,23,SP,DP,Host Z,Telnet Z,目标端口 = 23.,发送,SYN,(seq=100 ctl=SYN),接收,SYN,Host A,Host B,TCP,三次握手,1,发送,SYN,(seq=100 ctl=SYN),接收,SYN,发送,SYN, ACK,(seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack),Host A,Host B,接收,SYN,1,2,TCP,三次握手,发送,SYN,(seq=100 ctl=SYN),接收,SYN,发送,SYN, ACK,(seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack),建立会话,(seq=101 ack=301 ctl=ack),Host A,Host B,1,2,3,接收,SYN,TCP,三次握手,TCP,简单确认,滑动窗口 = 1,发送方,接收方,TCP,简单确认,滑动窗口 = 1,发送方,接收方,发送 1,接收 1,TCP,简单确认,滑动窗口 = 1,发送方,接收方,发送 1,接收 1,接收,ACK 2,发送,ACK 2,TCP,简单确认,滑动窗口 = 1,发送方,接收方,发送 1,接收 1,接收,ACK 2,发送,ACK 2,发送 2,接收 2,TCP,简单确认,滑动窗口 = 1,发送方,接收方,发送 1,接收 1,接收,ACK 2,发送,ACK 2,发送 2,接收 2,接收,ACK 3,发送,ACK 3,TCP,简单确认,滑动窗口 = 1,发送方,接收方,发送 1,接收 1,接收,ACK 2,发送,ACK 2,发送 2,接收 2,接收,ACK 3,发送,ACK 3,发送 3,接收 3,滑动窗口 = 1,发送方,接收方,发送 1,接收 1,接收,ACK 2,发送,ACK 2,发送 2,接收 2,接收,ACK 3,发送,ACK 3,发送 3,接收 3,接收,ACK 4,发送,ACK 4,TCP,简单确认,TCP,顺序号和确认号,源端口,目标端口,顺序号,#,确认号,#,Source,Dest.,Seq.,Ack.,1028,23,10,1,我发送 #10.,TCP,顺序号和确认号,我已收到 #10,现在我需要 #11.,源端口,目标端口,顺序号,#,确认号,#,1028,23,Source,Dest.,10,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,1,Ack.,我发送 #10.,TCP,顺序号和确认号,源端口,目标端口,顺序号,#,确认号,#,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,2,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,10,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,1,Ack.,我已收到 #10,现在我需要 #11.,我发送 #10.,TCP,顺序号和确认号,源端口,目标端口,顺序号,#,确认号,#,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,2,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,10,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,12,Seq.,2,Ack.,我已收到 #11,现在我需要 #12.,我发送 #11,TCP,窗 口,发送方,接收方,TCP,窗 口,Window size = 3,Send 2,发送方,接收方,Window size = 3,Send 1,Window size = 3,Send 3,Window size = 3,Send 2,TCP,窗 口,发送方,Window size = 3,Send 1,Window size = 3,Send 3,ACK 3,Window size = 2,数据,3,被丢弃,接收方,Window size = 3,Send 2,TCP,窗 口,发送方,Window size = 3,Send 1,Window size = 3,Send 3,ACK 3,Window size = 2,数据,3,被丢弃,Window size = 3,Send 4,Window size = 3,Send 3,接收方,Window size = 3,Send 2,TCP,窗 口,发送方,Window size = 3,Send 1,Window size = 3,Send 3,ACK 3,Window size = 2,数据,3,被丢弃,Window size = 3,Send 4,Window size = 3,Send 3,ACK 5,Window size = 2,接收方,没有顺序号和确认号,UDP,数据格式,Source port (16),Destination port (16),Length (16),Data (if any),1,Bit 0,Bit 15,Bit 16,Bit 31,Checksum (16),8,Bytes,Internet,层概述,OSI,网络层对应的是,TCP/IP,的,internet,层,Internet Protocol (IP),Internet Control Message,Protocol (ICMP),Address Resolution,Protocol (ARP),Reverse Address,Resolution Protocol (RARP),应用层,传输层,Internet,层,数据链路层,物理层,IP,数据,Version(4),Destination IP Address (32),Options (0 or 32 if any),Data (varies if any),1,Bit 0,Bit 15,Bit 16,Bit 31,HeaderLength (4),Priority & Type of Service (8),Total Length (16),Identification (16),Flags(3),Fragment offset (13),Time to live (8),Protocol (8),Header checksum (16),Source IP Address (32),20,Bytes,决定上层协议,协议域,TransportLayer,InternetLayer,TCP,UDP,ProtocolNumbers,IP,17,6,ICMP,协议,Application,Transport,Internet,Data Link,Physical,Destination Unreachable,Echo (Ping),Other,ICMP,1,ARP,协议,IP: 172.16.3.2 = ?,我需要知道176.16.3.2的物理地址.,ARP,协议,IP: 172.16.3.2 = ?,我知道你的请求，这是我的物理地址,我需要知道176.16.3.2的物理地址.,ARP,协议,IP: 172.16.3.2,Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111,IP: 172.16.3.2 = ?,我知道你的请求，这是我的物理地址,我需要知道176.16.3.2的物理地址.,ARP,协议,映射,IP Ethernet,Local ARP,IP: 172.16.3.2,Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111,IP: 172.16.3.2 = ?,我知道你的请求，这是我的物理地址,我需要知道176.16.3.2的物理地址.,RARP,协议,Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ?,我的地址是多少？,RARP,协议,Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ?,我的地址是多少？,我听到了广播你的地址是 172.16.3.25.,RARP,协议,Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ?,我的地址是多少？,我听到了广播你的地址是 172.16.3.25.,RARP,协议,映射,Ethernet IP,Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ?,我的地址是多少？,我听到了广播你的地址是 172.16.3.25.,断点连接需要确定的地址,路径选择,Location is represented by an address,TCP/IP,地址介绍,SA,DA,HDR,DATA,IP,地 址,255,255,255,255,DottedDecimal,Maximum,Network,Host,32,bits,IP,地 址,255,255,255,255,DottedDecimal,Maximum,Network,Host,1286432168421,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,Binary,32,bits,1,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,1286432168421,1286432168421,1286432168421,IP,地 址,255,255,255,255,DottedDecimal,Maximum,Network,Host,1286432168421,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,10101100,00010000,01111010,11001100,Binary,32,bits,172,16,122,204,ExampleDecimal,ExampleBinary,1,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,1286432168421,1286432168421,1286432168421,Class A:,Class B:,Class C:,Class D:,多址地址,Class E:,科研用,IP,地址分类,Network,Host,Host,Host,Network,Network,Host,Host,Network,Network,Network,Host,8,bits,8,bits,8,bits,8,bits,IP,地址分类,1,Class A:,Bits:,0,NNNNNNN,Host,Host,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range (1-126),1,Class B:,Bits:,10,NNNNNN,Network,Host,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range (128-191),1,Class C:,Bits:,110,NNNNN,Network,Network,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range (192-223),1,Class D:,Bits:,1110,MMMM,Multicast Group,Multicast Group,Multicast Group,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range (224-239),主机地址,E1,172.16,12,12,网络,主机,.,.,网络,端口,E0,E1,路由表,E0,11111111,计算可用的主机地址,172,16,0 0,10101100,00010000,00000000,00000000,16,151413121110 9,87654321,网络,主机,00000000,00000001,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111110,.,.,00000000,00000011,11111101,1,2,3,65534,65535,65536,-,.,2,65534,N,2,N,-2,= 2,16,-2 = 65534,IP,地址分类练习,地址,类别,网络,主机,IP,地址分类练习（答案）,地址,类别,网络,主机,A,B,C,C,B,Nonexistent,不设子网的地址,.,设置子网的地址,子网地址,E0,172.16,网络,网络,端口,E0,E1,新路由表,2,160,主机,.,.,E1,子网地址,E0,E1,172.16,2,160,网络,主机,.,.,网络,端口,E0,E1,新路由表,子网,子网掩码,172,16,0,0,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,0,IPAddress,DefaultSubnetMask,8-,bitSubnetMask,Network,Host,Network,Host,Network,Subnet,Host,“,/16,”,表示子网掩码有,16,位,.,“,/24,”,表示子网掩码有,24,位,.,11111111,11111111,00000000,00000000,十进制和二进制的转换,10000000=128,11000000=192,11100000=224,11110000=240,11111000=248,11111100=252,11111110=254,11111111=255,128 6432168421,16,网络,主机,172,0,0,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,00000000,00000000,10100000,00000000,00000000,缺省情况下子网未划分,00000010,缺省情况下的子网掩码,网络号,扩展了8位地址的网络,利用子网掩码划分子网,16,网络,主机,255.255.,255,.0,172,2,0,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,00000000,00000000,00000010,子网,网络号,128,192,224,240,248,252,254,255,利用子网掩码划分子网,网络,主机,255.255.,255,.,192,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,11,000000,10,000000,00000010,子网,扩展了10位地址的网络,16,172,2,128,网络好,128,192,224,240,248,252,254,255,128,192,224,240,248,252,254,255,子网掩码练习,地址,子网掩码,类别,子网,子网掩码练习（答案）,地址,子网掩码,类别,子网,B,A,A,广播地址,(,Directed broadcast),(,Local network broadcast),X,(,All subnets broadcast),地址汇总示例,16,172,2,160,10101100,00010000,10100000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,4,1,地址汇总示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11,000000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,1,2,16,172,2,160,地址汇总示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11,000000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,1,2,3,7,16,172,2,160,地址汇总示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11,000000,10,000000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,1,2,3,4,16,172,2,160,地址汇总示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11,000000,10,000000,00000010,10,111111,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,1,2,3,4,5,6,16,172,2,160,地址汇总示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11,000000,10,000000,00000010,10,111111,10,000001,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,1,2,3,4,5,6,16,172,2,160,地址汇总示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11,000000,10,000000,00000010,10,111111,10,000001,10,111110,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,16,172,2,160,地址汇总示例,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,11,000000,10,000000,00000010,10101100,00010000,00000010,10,111111,10101100,00010000,00000010,10,000001,10101100,00010000,00000010,10,111110,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,16,172,2,160,地址汇总示例,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,11,000000,10,000000,00000010,10101100,00010000,00000010,10,111111,10101100,00010000,00000010,10,000001,10101100,00010000,00000010,10,111110,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,16,172,2,160,Eight bits of subnetting,Network,Subnet,Host,10101100,00010000,00000010,11111111,172.16.2.121:,255.255.255.0:,10101100,11111111,Subnet:,10101100,00010000,00010000,11111111,00000010,00000010,11111111,01111001,00000000,00000000,B,类地址子网规划,Broadcast:,Network,子网划分,Other,subnets,20 子网,5,主机/子网,C,类地址：,11111,000,Network,Subnet,Host,192.168.5.121:,11000000,11111111,Subnet:,11000000,10101000,10101000,11111111,00000101,00000101,11111111,01111001,01111,000,255.255.255.248:,C,类地址子网规划,Five Bits of Subnetting,Broadcast:,Network,Network,11000000,10101000,00000101,01111111,广播地址练习,地址,类别,子网,广播地址,201.222.10.60,子网掩码,15.16.193.6,128.16.32.13,153.50.6.27,广播地址练习（答案）,地址,类别,子网,广播地址,201.222.10.60,C,子网掩码,15.16.193.6,A,128.16.32.13,B,153.50.6.27,B,配置交换机的,IP,地址,指明,IP,地址和子网掩码,Switch(config)#ip address,ip-address subnet-mask,Switch(config)#ip default-gateway,ip-address,指明缺省网关,配置路由器的,IP,地址,指明,IP,地址和子网掩码,在路由器的端口配置模式下设置地址,Router(config-if)#ip address,ip-address subnet-mask,配置路由器的,IP,地址,Router(config-line)#ip netmask-format bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal,在行控制模式下设置,IP,地址的显示格式,Router#term ip netmask-format bitcount| decimal | hexadecimal,设置正确的,IP,地址显示格式,利用,IP,地址静态映射主机地址,通过,IP,地址和主机名称选择端口,路由器的,IP,主机命名,Router(config)#ip host,name,tcp-port-number,address ,address,ip host Norine,ip,指明一个或多个名称服务器来解析逻辑地址,路由器名称服务器的设置,Router(config)#ip name-server,server-address1,server-address2,.,server-address6,DNS Server,缺省情况下,DNS,为,Enable,路由器的名称解析,Router(config)#ip domain-lookup,Router(config)#end,Router#pat,Translating ”pat.domain server (255.255.255.255),% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address,Router#config t,Router(config)#no ip domain-lookup,Router(config)#end,Router#pat,Translating ”pat,% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address,Router#,查看主机名称,Router#show hosts,Default domain is not set,Name/address lookup uses domain service,Host Flags Age Type Address(es),Norine,显示主机列表,VLAN,概 述,VLAN 1,VLAN 2,ISL,网络层设备连接多个广播域,Router on a stick,Application,TCP,IP,ISL,Ethernet,FastE0/0,将物理端口划分为多个子端口,FastEthernet 0/0,FastEthernet 0/0.2,FastEthernet 0/0.3,FastEthernet 0/0.1,物理端口能够划分为多个逻辑的子端口,ISL,封 装,在子端口上激活,ISL,封装,Router(config-subif)#encapsulation isl,domain,不同,VLAN,间的路由,VLAN 1,VLAN 2,ISL,interface fastethernet 0/0 no ip address!interface fastethernet 0/0.1 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation isl 1interface fastethernet 0/0.2 ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation isl 2,FastE0/0,广域网间的路由,ISL,interface Serial0 ip,Application,TCP,IP,HDLC,Serial,S0,VLAN 1,VLAN 2,可视化目标,core_ server,wg_sw_a,wg_sw_l,.,e0/1,fa0/26,(port A),e0/1,fa0/26,(port A),fa0/1,fa0/12,fa0/24,core_sw_a,core_sw_b,fa0/12,fa0/1,fa0/13,fa0/13,fa0/27,(port B),fa0/27,(port B),wg_pc_a,wg_pc_l,Core_ro,fa0/23,fa0/0,fa0/14,fa0/14,VLAN2,VLAN13,SUBNETVLANPOD,10.1.1.01wg_ro_x, wg_sw_x, core_sw_a, core_sw_b,10.2.2.02wg_pc_a, core_server, core_ro,10.3.3.03wg_pc_b, core_server, core_ro,10.4.4.04wg_pc_c, core_server, core_ro,10.5.5.05wg_pc_d, core_server, core_ro,10.6.6.06wg_pc_e, core_server, core_ro,10.7.7.07wg_pc_f, core_server, core_ro,10.8.8.0 8 wg_pc_g, core_server, core_ro,10.9.9.09wg_pc_h, core_server, core_ro,10.10.10.010wg_pc_i, core_server, core_ro,10.11.11.011wg_pc_j, core_server, core_ro,10.12.12.012wg_pc_k, core_server, core_ro,10.13.13.013wg_pc_l, core_server, core_ro,SUBNETVLANPOD,10.1.1.01wg_ro_x, wg_sw_x, core_sw_a, core_sw_b,10.2.2.02wg_pc_a, core_server, core_ro,10.3.3.03wg_pc_b, core_server, core_ro,10.4.4.04wg_pc_c, core_server, core_ro,10.5.5.05wg_pc_d, core_server, core_ro,10.6.6.06wg_pc_e, core_server, core_ro,10.7.7.07wg_pc_f, core_server, core_ro,10.8.8.0 8 wg_pc_g, core_server, core_ro,10.9.9.09wg_pc_h, core_server, core_ro,10.10.10.010wg_pc_i, core_server, core_ro,10.11.11.011wg_pc_j, core_server, core_ro,10.12.12.012wg_pc_k, core_server, core_ro,10.13.13.013wg_pc_l, core_server, core_ro,本章总结,完成本章的学习后，你应该能够掌握：,了解,TCP/IP,协议族和各层的作用,划分子网，识别,IP,地址的网络号和主机号,在交换机和路由器上设置,IP,地址,利用路由器连接不同的,VLAN,问题回顾,1.,TCP,协议和,UDP,协议有和不同？,2.,和,IP,地址为：,192.168.20.1 255.255.255.240,在同一网段的主机有哪些？,3.,在实现不同,VLAN,间通讯时什么是必须的？,