情态动词课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,情态动词用法归类,只作情态动词的,can / could, may / might, ought to, must,可情态可实义的,need, dare,可情态可助动词的,shall / should, will /,would,相当于情态动词的,have to, used to,表示推测的情态动词,表达“情感、态度、语气” 等方面的情态动词,情态动词,+have done,（一）表示推测的情态动词,对现在或将来情况推测，用情态动词,+do / be / be doing,；,对过去的推测，用情态动词,+have done / been,；,表示肯定推测的情态动词按可能性大小依次为,mustshould / ought tomaymightcould,；,否定推测，常用,cant / couldnt,，,译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示推测的语气非常肯定，,may not / might not,译为“可能不”、“也许不”，表示推测的语气不很肯定。,must,表示对某人某事的猜测,作“准是”, “,一定”,一般用于肯定句中。,You,must,bethenewteacher.,He,must,bejoking.,should (not) / ought (not) to,表示根据常规或常识推测，表示“某事应该或不应该发生”，语气比,must,或,cant / couldnt,稍弱。,e.g., Hows your tour around the West Lake? Is it beautiful?,It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted.,A. will B. would C. should D. must,【,答案,】C,can, could,表达推测时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中；,e.g.,Can,the news be true,?,He,cant,be in the classroom now , for the light is out.,can,用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性,，并不牵涉是否真的会发生；,The road can be blocked,.,could,用于肯定句中，语气比,can,更弱。,(,4)may (not) / might (not),表达一种不太把握的推测，意为“或许，可能”；,might,的语气比,may,较婉转,.,May,表示说话人的,猜测,: “,也许” “可能”,:,通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。,e.g. -I believe the man is from England.,-But I,may,be wrong.,The guest,may,arrive this afternoon.,might,表示现在的可能，其可能性要比,may,小,。如：,e.g. She,might,go home tomorrow.,说不定他明天会回家。,（二）表达“情感、态度、语气” 等方面的情态动词,1. must,表达“情感、态度、语气”主要有以下用法,：,(1),表示主观的义务和必要，,主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意思为“必须,，得,，要,”,；,由,must,引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用,must,或,have to,， 否定回答要用,neednt,或,dont have to,意思是“不必”。,Must,Ifinishallassignmentsatatime?,Yes, you,must,.,No,you,neednt,.,表示“必须”这个意思时，,must,和,haveto,稍有区别。,must,着重说明主观看法，,haveto,强调客观需要。,must,和,haveto,I dont like this TV set. We,must,buy a new one. There was no more bus. They,had to,walk home.,(2),must,的否定形式,mustnt,表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。,例如：,(2008,上海春,)When I was young, I was told that I _ play with matches,A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darent,【,答案,】C,must,还可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要、干嘛”。,例如：,He,must,come and worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking the dinner.,2. should “,应该”，表示“责任和义务”。,例如：,You,should,keep your promise.,你应该遵守诺言。,3. shall,(1) shall,用于第一和第三人称，常用于疑问句中，用来征求对方意见。,例如：,Shall,we go by train, Mom?,Shall,they wait here or outside?,(2),用于第二和第三人称，表示“命令、威胁、警告、允诺、”等。,例如：,You,shall,fail if you dont work harder.,He,shall,have the book when I finish reading.,(,3) shall,也用于宣布法律、规定的要求,。例如：,What does the sign over there read?,“No person _ smoke in this area.”,A. will B. may C. shall D. must,【,答案,】C,4. can,(1) can,可以用来表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度，主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中,。,(NMET2003,全国,) How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article?,A. can B. must C. need D. may,【,答案,】A,(2) can,也可以用来表示请求或许可。,Can,I sit here?,(3),can,可以表达一般的或永久的能力。,be able to,也可表达能力，但常用来表达在某件事情中所表现出来的能力，尤指克服困难能够完成某事。,例如：,(NMET2006,福建,) If it were not for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her to the party.,A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not, (NMET1997) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.,A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to,【,答案,】C D,5,. would,(1)will,与,would,可表示“意愿；意志 ”。,(NMET2008,北京,) John promised his doctor he _ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since.,A. might B. should C. could D. would,【,答案,】D,(2),would,表示过去倾向性或习惯性的动作。,used to,也有这一用法，但,used to,即可用来表达过去的习惯性的动作，也可用来表示过去的状态。,例如：,(NMET1996,上海,)When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.,A. would B. should C. had better D. might, (NMET2007,安徽,)In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _.,A. that used to be B. it is used to,C. it was used to D. it used to be,【,答案,】A D,（三）情态动词,+have done,must,表示对某人某事的猜测,;,对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用,must have done,Thereisnobodyhere.They,musthaveall gone,home.,can,和,could,接动词的完成形式。,could have done:,表示本可能做某事却没做。,(,有惋惜、遗憾或委婉批评之意，也可以表示对过去动作的推测,),e.g. a. You could have done better, but you didnt try your best.,b. This glass iscracked. Someone could have dropped it,cant/couldnt have done:,用于否定句时表否定推断，推测肯定没做；用于疑问句时意为“难道真的做了吗”，表示怀疑。,e.g. They cant have gone out because the light is still on.,Can he have done such a foolish thing?,cant have done,的语气比,couldnt have done,要强一些,“,should+ have+,过去分词”表示本应该在过去做但没有做,。,should (not) / ought (not) to have done,本（不）应该做某事，但却没有做或做了，含有责备或后悔之意,（,NMET2008,江苏）,Im sorry. I _at you the other day.,Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.,A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted,C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted,【,答案,】B,neednt have done,本没有必要做某事但却做了。要注意,neednt do,则表达“没有必要去做某事”，时间上应该是现在或将来。,例如：,(NMET2005,福建,)Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.,Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself.,A. neednt do B. neednt have done,C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done,【,答案,】B,would (not) have done,本来,(,不,),会发生某事，但却（发生了）或没有发生。,常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气，,表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设。,I would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me.,我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。,Without your help, I wouldnt have achieved so much.,没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。,might have done,表示“本来可能,”,，但实际上没有发生的事。,例如：,(NMET2008,江西,)What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he _ better.,A. need have done B. must have done,C. can have done D. might have done,【,答案,】D,