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,谢谢观赏,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,英语,必修,4,(人教版),第四学时Grammar,语 法,精 讲,构词法,(word,formation,),一、合成,(Compounding),语 法,精 讲,两个或更多的词合成一个词。,合成的形式有直接写在一起、用连字符,(,),连接和由两个分开的词构成三种。,1,合成形容词。,方式,例词,形容词名词,firstclass,一流的,fulltime,专职的,形容词现在分词,goodlooking,好看的,形容词过去分词,readymade,现成的,已做好的,形容词名词,ed,goodtempered,脾气好的,middleaged,中年的,名词形容词,worldfamous,世界闻名的,语 法,精 讲,名词现在分词,freedomloving,热爱自由的,timesaving,省时的,名词过去分词,manmade,人造的,watercovered,被水覆盖的,副词现在分词,hardworking,勤劳的,farseeing,有远见的,副词过去分词,quicklycured,快速愈合的,wellknown,著名的,数词名词,fiveyear,五年的,数词名词,ed,fourlegged,四条腿的,sixstoried,六层楼的,语 法,精 讲,2.,合成动词。,构成方式,例词,名词动词,daydream,白日梦,副词动词,overcome,克服,upturn,翻起,3.,合成名词。,构成方式,例词,名词名词,horseback,马背,newspaper,报纸,形容词名词,backyard,后院,forehead,前额,动名词名词,hiding,place,藏身之处,readingroom,阅览室,语 法,精 讲,4.,合成副词。,maybe,也许,,wherever,无论在哪里,whenever,无论何时,,forever,永远,5,合成代词。,whoever,不管是谁,,whatever,无论什么,everyone,每个人,二、派生,(Derivation),语 法,精 讲,1,前缀。,前缀,含义,例词,en,使可能,enrich,丰富,,enable,使能够,dis,不,否定,dissatisfy,不满,dishonest,不诚实,un,不,,做相反动作,unable,不能的,,unfair,不公平的,,uncover,揭开,,untie,解开,in,im,ir,il,不,非,incorrect,不正确的,impossible,不可能的,impolite,不礼貌的,impractical,不实用的,irregular,不规则的,irresponsible,不负责任的,illogical,不合逻辑的,illegal,非法的,语 法,精 讲,non,不,非,nonexistent,不存在的,mis,错误的,坏的,misunderstand,误解,misfortune,不幸,re,重复,再,rewrite,改写,,remarry,再婚,,reunite,重新统一,super,在上面,超级,supermarket,超市,under,在,之下,underestimate,低估,underground,地下的,(,续上表,),语 法,精 讲,(,续上表,),inter,相互,之间,international,国际的,interact,相互作用,semi,半,semifinal,半决赛,semicircle,半圆,multi,多,多种,multinational,多国的,multicoloured,多种颜色的,kilo,千,kilometre,公里,千米,kilogramme,千克,公斤,语 法,精 讲,2.,名词后缀。,后缀,例词,er,farmer,,,weaver,,,painkiller,ess,actress,,,waitress,,,princess,,,hostess,or,conductor,,,sailor,,,transistor,,,operator,ar,beggar,ese,Chinese,,,Japanese,ian,musician,,,Egyptian,,,physician,ist,scientist,,,dentist,,,communist,,,socialist,ent,/,ant,assistant,ment,argument,,,judgment,,,government,ness,happiness,,,greatness,,,illness,,,coldness,语 法,精 讲,tion,dictation,,,preparation,,,repetition,ing,building,,,wedding,,,painting,ship,leadership,,,friendship,,,hardship,age,shortage,,,marriage,th,truth,,,warmth,,,length,,,growth,ance,acceptance,,,assistance,,,reliance,ence,dependence,,,confidence,,,reference,,,entrance,ful,mouthful,,,handful,,,plateful,al,refusal,,,denial,,,arrival,y,difficulty,,,possibility,ism,socialism,,,materialism,注意,:,ese,,,ian,,,ist,既可以构成名词,又可以构成形容词。,er,构成的名词,既有表示人的,又有表示物的。,语 法,精 讲,3,形容词后缀。,后缀,例词,al,central,,,industrial,,,national,,,natural,an,European,,,American,,,Australian,ern,eastern,,,northern,,,southern,able,reasonable,,,believable,ful,careful,,,cheerful,,,grateful,,,faithful,ish,childish,,,Swedish,,,selfish,ive,destructive,,,collective,,,active,,,creative,y,thirsty,,,dirty,,,windy,,,sunny,,,healthy,en,golden,,,wooden,,,woolen,语 法,精 讲,ous,courageous,,,famous,,,continuous,,,serious,ary,imaginary,,,revolutionary,,,secondary,ic,realistic,,,historic,,,poetic,some,troublesome,,,burdensome,,,lonesome,,,handsome,like,childlike,,,womanlike,,,manlike,ant,ignorant,,,significant,,,observant,,,important,ent,diligent,,,silent,,,excellent,,,frequent,ly,lively,,,friendly,,,lovely,,,weekly,,,brotherly,语 法,精 讲,4.,动词后缀。,后缀,例词,ize,realize,,,modernize,,,mechanize(,机械化,),en,widen,,,strengthen,,,lengthen,,,sharpen,,,deepen,5.,副词后缀。,后缀,例词,ly,slowly,,,quickly,,,carefully,,,loudly,语 法,精 讲,三、转化,(Conversion),指一个词不变化词形,而由一种词类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。,1,名词和动词之间的转化。,telephone,电话,打电话,mirror,镜子,像镜子一样反映,drink,喝,饮料,record,录音,记录,2,形容词转化为动词。,perfect,完美的,使完善,语 法,精 讲,3,名词转化为形容词,(,副词,),。,front,前面,前面的,4,形容词转化为名词。,chief,主要的,首领,语 法,精 讲,例题剖析,要正确解答高考语法填空中的词语派生题,必须弄清要填的词在句子中充当哪种句子成分,作该种成分需要哪种词类的词;然后再根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。,1,在及物动词、介词、冠词、形容词性物主代词,以及,some,,,any,,,other,等词后,若后面没有名词时,应填名词或动名词,如果所给单词是其他词类,就要将其改为名词,并注意名词数的变化。如:,语 法,精 讲,在动词,know,后作宾语或者说在冠词,the,后,用名词,故填,depth,。,解析:,(1)Do you know the _(deep)of the river?,(2)The teacher was angry at my _(come)late.,在形容词性物主代词后或者说在介词后作宾语用名词或动名词,因,come,没有相应的名词,故填,coming,。,解析:,语 法,精 讲,2,在动词前后、形容词或副词前作状语,用副词,同时还要考虑级的变化。如:,(1)The boy ran _(quick)to school.,修饰动词,ran,,作状语,用副词,故填,quickly,。,解析:,(2)The little girl is _(extreme)eager to know the result of the exam,。,在形容词前作状语,用副词,故填,extremely,。,解析:,语 法,精 讲,3,作定语、表语,(,表性质特征,),或补语的典型词类是形容词,同时还要考虑级的变化。如:,(1)Whats the _(width)river in the world?,在名词,river,前作定语,要用形容词,由,in the world,可知,要用最高级,故填,widest,。,解析:,(2)The _(strength)we become,,,the more modest we should be.,在系动词,become,后作表语,用形容词,由句式结构可知,用比较级,故填,stronger,。,解析:,语 法,精 讲,4,在句中作谓语用动词,同时考虑动词的时态。如:,It is generally thought that traveling abroad can _(rich)ones knowledge.,因情态动词后要接动词原形,故填,enrich,。,解析:,谢谢观赏,
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