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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,第三讲、形容词和副词,形容词和副词基本用法,1.,形容词的用法,主要用来修饰名词或不定代词,,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。,形容词在句中可用作表语、定语、补语,等。如:,Be,careful,about what you say.,说话要小心。,The sunset was a,beautiful,sight.,日落是一种美丽的景象。,I find it,easy,to get on with him.,我发现和他相处很容易。,形容词和副词基本用法,2.,副词的用法,主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念,的词。副词,在句中主要作状语,。如:,He knew London,very well,.,他对伦敦很熟悉。,You need to form the habit of reading,carefully,.,你需要养成仔细阅读的习惯。,形容词和副词基本用法,注意:,here, there, in, out, away, abroad,等少数副词也可以作表语;,here, there, home, abroad, below,等表示地点或方位的词及,today, tomorrow, yesterday, back, out,等表示时间或动词方向词还可以作定语,。如:,I dont think she is,here,now.,我认为她现在不在这里。,Most people,there,are farmers.,那里多数人都是农民。,1.,单个形容词做定语,一般放在所修饰的名词之前,,,但修饰,somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing,等复合不定代词的形容词,则必须放在不定代词之后,。如:,I would like,something cheaper,.,我想要点较为便宜的东西。,Do you know,anyone anybody famous,in this field?,你认识这个领域的名人吗,?,形容词作定语时的位置,形容词作定语时的位置,2.,表语形容词作定语要后置,。如:,He spoke like a man,afraid,.,他说话时像是很害怕似的。,He must be the best violinist,alive,.,他一定是当代最好的小提琴手了。,3.,修饰复合不定代词时后置,。如:,Tell me,something,interesting,.,给我说些有意思的事。,Anyone intelligent,can do it.,任何有头脑的人都能做这件事,。,形容词作定语时的位置,4.,past, last, next, nearby, following,等做定语时,既可放在所修饰的名词之前,也可放在所修饰的名词之后,(,注意词序的变化,),。如:,next Monday / on Monday next,下周星期一,last month / in the month last,上个月,the following month / in the month following,下个月,He lives in,a nearby town / a town nearby,.,他住在附近的一个城镇。,形容词作定语时的位置,5.,形容词,enough, opposite,等修饰名词时可前置或后置,。如:,We have,enough time time enough,我们有足够的时间。,He lives in the,house opposite the opposite house,.,他住在对面的房子里。,【,说明,】(1),在现代英语中,enough,通常放在被修饰名词之前,若置于被修饰名词之后,则被认为带有古义或文学味。,形容词作定语时的位置,(2),有的形容词前置和后置均可,但含义不同。,如:,Whats your,present feeling,?,你现在感觉如何,? (present=,现在的,),He was the only,Englishman present,.,他是唯一在场的英国人。,(present=,在场的,),(3),有些既可用作形容词又可用作副词的词,当它用作形容词时前置,用作副词时后置,。如:,upstairs rooms / rooms upstairs,楼上的房间,形容词作定语时的位置,而,有些既可用作形容词又可用作副词的词,它虽可前置和后置,但含义不同,:,overseas students,外国留学生,(,指外国到本国来求学的学生,等于,students from overseas),students overseas,出国留学生,(,指本国到外国去求学的学生,等于,students who are overseas),等级形容词和非等级形容词的用法特点,一、等级形容词的用法与特点,所谓等级形容词即指其义可划分不同等级的形容词,(,英语中绝大多数形容词属于此类,),。等级形容词主要特点是可以受程度副词的修饰,(,如,very big, rather cold,等,),,并且绝大多数可用于比较级和最高级,(,如,better, best, larger, largest,等,),。等级形容词根据其意义特点可分为程度形容词和限度形容词:,等级形容词和非等级形容词的用法特点,1.,程度形容词,即指含义上有程度差别、可以划分等级的形容词。要表示程度形容词的不同等级,(,程度,),,我们可以用程度副词来表示,归纳起来,这些说明等级形容词等级,(,或程度,),的副词可分为以下三类:,(1),指等级的上端,用,very, quite, too, enough, extremely,等,。,The weather was,too cold,.,天气太冷了。,It was an,extremely difficult,task.,那是一项极困难的任务。,(2),指等级的中端,用,quite, rather, fairly, pretty,等。,Its,quite expensive,.,它十分贵。,Im,rather hungry.,我很饿了。,等级形容词和非等级形容词的用法特点,注意:,在英国英语和美国英语中,,quite,表示程度时的意思有所不同,:,在美国英语中,,quite,的语气较强,可以表示,very,的含义,用以说明等级形容词的上端含义,;,而在英国英语中,,quite,的含义则相对要弱些,相当于,fairly,的意义,主要用来说明等级形容词的中端含义,。若一个美国人说,The new shirt was quite nice,,他可能对此非常满意,而一个英国人说,The new shirt was quite nice,,可能只是说它不算太差,还过得去。,等级形容词和非等级形容词的用法特点,(3),指等级的低端,用,a bit, a little, slightly,等。,Hes feeling,a bit a little better,.,他感觉好些了。,He felt,slightly ill,.,他感觉有点不舒服。,注:,在肯定句中,,a bit,和,a little,大致同义,但在否定句,两者意思区别很大,:,Im,not a bit,tired.,我,一点也不,累。,(not a bit =,一点也不,),Im not a little tired.,我很累。,(,not a little =,非常,),等级形容词和非等级形容词的用法特点,2,限度形容词,即,指其含义已经包括绝对意义或极限意义的形容词,,如:,perfect,完美的,,impossible,不可能的,,full,满的,,empty,空的,,unique,唯一的,,enough,足够的,,flawless,完美的,,right,正确的,,wrong,错误的,,sure,确信的,,certain,确信的,,different,不同的,等。,限度形容词通常不用于比较级和最高级,要加强限度形容词的意义,可使用以下副词,:,等级形容词和非等级形容词的用法特点,(1),表示极限意义,用,quite(,完全,),,,completely(,完全,),,,absolutely(,绝对,),,,altogether (,完全,),,,entirely(,完全,),,,totally(,完全,),等。如:,You are,completely wrong.,你完全错了。,Its,absolutely impossible,.,这是完全不可能的。,The theatre was not,quite full,.,剧院尚未全满。,Thats a,totally different,matter.,那完全是另一回事,。,等级形容词和非等级形容词的用法特点,注意:,quite,既可与程度形容词连用,也可与限度形容词连用。但在两种用法中,,quite,的意思不同:与程度形容词连用时,它的意思是“相当”,如,quite good,相当好,,quite cheap,相当便宜,,quite cold,相当冷;与限度形容词连用时,它的意思是“完全”、“绝对”,如,quite impossible,完全不可能。,(2),表示接近极限的意义,用,almost(,几乎,),,,nearly(,差不多,),等,。如:,Its,almost nearly empty,.,那几乎是空的。,等级形容词和非等级形容词的用法特点,3.,程度形容词和限度形容词的联系,关于程度形容词和限度形容词的划分并不是绝对的,有的形容词在不同的语境中可既可表示程度,也可表示限度,。如:,Watch you dont spill that glass. Its,very full,.,注意不要把杯子倒溢了,已经很满了。,(full,表程度,用,very,修饰,),There are no more seats the theatres,completely full,.,再没座位了,剧院已完全坐满了。,(full,表限度,用,completely,修饰,),等级形容词和非等级形容词的用法特点,二、非等级形容词的用法与特点,所谓非等级形容词即指其义不可划分等级的形容词,如,atomic(,原子的,),就是非等级形容词,,因为某事物要么就是原子的,(atomic),,要么就是非原子的,(not atomic),,其间没有等级可分。,英语中只有一小部分形容词属于非等级形容词,。,1.,非等级形容词的主要特点,通常不与程度副词连用,而且通常也不用于比较级和最高级,,如可说,atomic physics(,原子物理学,),,但不能说,very atomic physics,,也不能说,more atomic physics,等。,等级形容词和非等级形容词的用法特点,2.,英语中的类别形容词,(,即表示所修饰名词类别的形容词,),通常都是非等级形容词,daily,每日的,monthly,每月的,yearly,每年的,north,北方的,south,南方的,east,东方的,northern,向北的,southern,向南的,western,向南的,Chinese,中国的,British,英国的,electric,电动的,male,男性的,female,女性的,medical,医学的,physical,物理的,等级形容词和非等级形容词的用法特点,3.,等级形容词和非等级形容词的联系,等级形容词和非等级形容词的划分也并不是绝对,有时,同一个形容词在不同的语境既可以是等级形容词,也可以是非等级形容词,如表示国名派生出来的表示国籍的形容词,(,如,Chinese, French, American, British,等,),,它们通常是非等级形容词,但当它们表示一个人的行为举止时,也可以用作等级形容词,,如:,He is,very French,.,他的举止很像法国人。,He is,more English,than the English.,他比英国人更像英国人。,the+,形容词的四种类型及语法特征,一、该结构的四种类型,1.the +,形容词,表示某一类型的人,He set up a school for,the deaf and the dumb,.,他创建了一所聋哑学校。,Those of us who are sighted dont understand the problems of,the blind,.,我们这些有视力的人不理解盲人的困难。,the+,形容词的四种类型及语法特征,这类结构常见的有:,the rich,富人,the poor,穷人,the blind,盲人,the sick,病人,the old,老人,the young,年轻人,the dumb,哑巴,the deaf,聋子,the dead,死者,the weak,弱者,the strong,强者,the wealthy,富人,the jobless,失业者,the+,形容词的四种类型及语法特征,2.the +,分词形容词,表示某一类型的,人,Times are hard for,the unemployed,.,失业者的日子很难熬。,Many of,the wounded,died on their way to hospital.,许多伤员死在去医院的途中了。,这类结构常见的有:,the wounded,伤员,the injured,伤员,the killed,被杀者,the employed,被雇用者,the unemployed,失业者,the accused,被告,the learned,有学问的人,the aged,老年人,the missing,失踪的人,the living,活着的人,the+,形容词的四种类型及语法特征,3.,the +,国籍形容词,表示全体国民,The Chinese,are a friendly people.,中华民族是一个友善的民族。,The French,are famous for their cooking.,法国人以善烹调著称。,The British,are very proud of their sense of humor.,英国人为自己的幽默感到自豪。,这类结构常见的有:,the British,英国人,the English,英国人,the French,法国人,the Chinese,中国人,the Japanese,日本人,the+,形容词的四种类型及语法特征,4.,the +,形容词,表示抽象概念,One must learn to take,the bad,and,the good,.,人必须学会好坏都能承受。,He wants to make,the impossible,possible.,他想把不可能的事成为可能。,这类结构常见的有:,the true,真,the good,善,the beautiful,美,the right,是,the wrong,非,the false,伪,the impossible,不可能做到的事,the unknown,未知的事物,the+,形容词的四种类型及语法特征,二、该结构的四个语法特性,1.,复数性,“,the+,形容词”表示一类具有某种特征或特性的人时,通常表示复数意义,若用作主语,谓语要用复数,。如:,The rich,get richer and,the poor,get poorer.,富者愈富,贫者愈贫。,The injured,were carried away on stretchers.,用担架把受伤的人抬走了。,the+,形容词的四种类型及语法特征,2.,单数性,“,the+,形容词”若表示抽象概念,则表示单数意义,用作主语时,谓语要用单数。,如:,He doesnt know,the right,from,the wrong,.,他不辨是非。,The unknown,is always something to be feared.,未知的东西总是一种令人害怕的东西。,The beautiful,is not always,the good, and,the good,is not always the true.,美未必是善,善未必是真。,the+,形容词的四种类型及语法特征,3.,单复性,有个别的“,the+,形容词”结构既表示单数意义,也表示复数意义,若用作主语,谓语动词用单数还是复数需视情况而定,。如:,the good,指“好人”时表复数意义,指“善”时表单数意义;,the accused,指一名被告时表单数意义,指多名被告时表复数意义,。比较:,the+,形容词的四种类型及语法特征,4.,习惯性,(1),有的表达带有一定的习惯性,如“病人”习惯说成,the sick,,而不说,the ill,。,(2),这类结构习惯上不用于,-s,所有格形式,若语义需要,可考虑用,of,所有格,。如:,正:,He is interested in,the problems of the poor,.,他对穷人的问题感兴趣。,误:,He is interested in the poors problems,.,the+,形容词的四种类型及语法特征,三、省略冠词的三种特例,“,the +,形容词”这类结构中的定冠词通常不能省略,但是以下几种情况是例外,:,1.,受数量词语修饰时省略定冠词,即其中的形容词受到表示数量的词以及,many, more,等修饰时,定冠词通常省略,。如:,Many sick,are well cared for in hospitals.,许多病人在医院受到良好的照顾。,There are,more unemployed,than ever before.,现在失业的人比以往任何时候都多。,the+,形容词的四种类型及语法特征,2.,用于对称结构时省略定冠词,即用,and,或,or,连接成对称结构时,通常省略定冠词,。如:,There are opportunities for both,rich and poor,.,穷人和富人都有机会。,Good and bad,alike admired the baseball heroes.,不分好人和坏人,大家都钦佩那些棒球英雄。,the+,形容词的四种类型及语法特征,3.,个别结构习惯上可省略冠词,在现代英语中,,有个别的“,the+,形容词”结构在单独使用时也可省略冠词,。如:,The number of,unemployed,is rising all the time.,失业人数在不断上升。,习惯上只用作定语的形容词,这里说的定语指的是位于名词前作定语,(,即前置定语,),,而不是位于名词后作定语,(,即不用作后置定语,),,如,main,是定语形容词,可以说,main things,,但不能说,something main,,因为,后置定语从本质上说相当于表语,,即,something main,从本质上说相当于,something that is main,。下面是几类典型的定语形容词:,习惯上只用作定语的形容词,一、,表示相对关系的形容词,former,以前的,从前的,latter,后期的,后半的,inner,内部的,里面的,outer,外部的,外面的,upper,上部的,上游的,lower,下部的,下游的,elder,年岁较大的,eldest,最年长的,indoor,室内的,屋内的,outdoor,室外的,屋外的,inside,里面的,内侧的,outside,外面的,外侧的,upstairs,楼上的,downstairs,楼下的,【,注,】,inside, outside, downstairs, upstairs,等既可用作形容词也可用作副词。用于形容词时,只用于名词前作定语;若用作副词,则可用与名词后作状语,),。,习惯上只用作定语的形容词,二、,表示强调意义的形容词,Mere,仅仅的,very,极端的,Outright,完全的,thorough,十足的,Plain,完全的,complete,彻底的,Pure,完全的,perfect,全然的,【,注,】,若用于其他意义,有的可用作表语,如,plain,表示“明白的”、“普通的”等均可用作表语;,perfect,表示“完美的”、“完备的”、“准确的”等,也可用作表语。,习惯上只用作定语的形容词,三、,表示度量的复合形容词,three-year-old,3,岁大的,120-page,120,页的,five-year,5,年的,若用作表语或后置定语,则不用连字符,:,She has,a five-year-old son,.,她有一个,5,岁的儿子。,Her son is,five years old,.,她的儿子五岁。,She has a son,five years old.,她有一个,5,岁的孩子。,习惯上只用作定语的形容词,四、某些与时间有关的形容词,daily,每日的,everyday,每日的,monthly,每月的,present,现在的,Last,刚过去的,existing,现在的,【,注,】,若用于其他意义,有的也可以用作表语,如,present,表示“出席”、“在场”时,只用作表语。,习惯上只用作表语的形容词,表语形容词即指只用作表语的形容词,这类形容词通常用于连系动词后作表语,不能用于名词前作定语,,当然若是语境需要,它们可用于名词后作后置定语或用作宾语补足语,因为从某种意义上说,后置定语和宾语补足语在本质上相当于表语,如:,a girl,afraid,of dogs = a girl who is afraid of dogs,怕狗的女孩,I found her,afraid of dogs,. = I found that she was afraid of dogs.,我发现她怕狗,习惯上只用作表语的形容词,下面是几类典型的表语形容词:,一、某些以,a-,开头的形容词,afraid,害怕的,alike,相同的,alive,活着的,alone,单独的,ashamed,羞愧的,asleep,睡着的,awake,醒着的,aware,意识到的,这类形容词有些不能用,very,修饰,若要加强语气,可改用其他方式:,误:,very asleep, very awake, very alone, etc,正:,fast sound asleep, wide fully awake, all alone,习惯上只用作表语的形容词,有些可用,very much,修饰:,very much afraid (alike, ashamed, awake, alive, alone),在现代英语中,有个别的也可用,very,修饰:,very afraid, very ashamed,另外,若表语形容词本身带有修饰语,则也可用于名词前作定语:,the fast asleep children,熟睡的孩子,a really alive student,真正活跃的学生,习惯上只用作表语的形容词,二、,某些表示健康的形容词,fine,健康的,ill,有病的,poorly,健康欠佳的,well,身体健康的,【,注,】,以上词语若不是表示以上意思,则可用作定语:,fine weather,好天气,,ill news,坏消息,习惯上只用作表语的形容词,三、某些描述感觉或心情的形容词,glad,高兴的,pleased,高兴的,sorry,难过的,upset,心烦意乱的,content,满意的,【,注,】,若用于其他意思,则可用作定语,如,glad,表示“,(,感到,),高兴的”时,只用作表语;若表示“令人高兴的”,则只用作定语,(glad news,好消息,),。,习惯上只用作表语的形容词,(4),其他表语形容词:,certain,确信的,一定的,sure,确信的,一定的,due,到期的,应得的,fond,喜欢的,温柔的,ready,准备好的,愿意的,unable,不能,的,【,注,】,若用于其他意义,有的也可用作定语,如,certain,表示“可靠的”时,可用作定语:,certain evidence,可靠的证据,;,表示“某”时,只能用作定语:,a certain person,某人,英语复合形容词的构成方法,一、用分词等构成的复合形容词,1.,用过去分词构成,。如:,a candle-lit table,一张点着蜡烛的桌子,a horse-drawn cart,一 辆马车,a self-employed author,非专业作家,a tree-lined avenue,三股车道的大路,2.,用现在分词构成,。如:,long-suffering parents,长期受苦的父母,a time-consuming job,费时的工作,英语复合形容词的构成方法,3.,用看上去像分词而实际上是由“名词加,-ed”,合成的词构成。如:,cross-eyed,内斜视的,hard-hearted,无情的,open-minded,头脑开通的,quick-witted,机敏的,slow-footed,脚步慢的,英语复合形容词的构成方法,二、表示度量等的复合形容词,基数词可与名词,(,一般用单数,),构成复合形容词表示时间、度量等,。如:,1.,年龄,a three-year-old building,一座有,3,年之久的建筑物,a twenty-year-old man,一位,20,岁的男子,2.,面积,/,体积,/,容积,a sixty-acre farm,一个占有,60,英亩的农场,a two-litre car,汽缸容量为,2,公升的小汽车,a five-litre can,一个五公升的桶,英语复合形容词的构成方法,3.,持续时间,a four-hour meeting,历时,4,小时的会议,a two-day conference,为期两天的会议,4.,长度,/,深度,/,高度,a twelve-inch ruler,一把,12,英寸的尺子,a four-foot ladder,一个四英尺长的梯子,a ten-story building,一座,10,层高的楼,英语复合形容词的构成方法,5.,价格,a $ 50 dress,一件值,50,美元的衣服,a,90 000 house,一幢价值,9,万英磅的房子,6.,时间,/,距离,a five-day course,一个五天的疗程,ten two-hour lessons,十次两小时的课,a five-second pause,一次五秒钟的停顿,a three-hour journey,一次,3,小时的旅程,a three-mile walk,三英里的一段步行,a five-day week,一周五个工作日,英语复合形容词的构成方法,7.,重量,a six-pound chicken,一只六磅重的鸡,a five-kilo bag of flour,一个,5,公斤的面粉袋,注:,序数词也可以用于复合形容词,,如:,a first-rate film,一部一流的电影,a second-hand car,一辆二手汽车,a third-floor flat,一套在四层楼的公寓,英语复合形容词的构成方法,三、用前缀和后缀构成的复合形容词,复合形容词可由各种前缀和后缀构成,,如:,1. badly-,badly-paid workers,低工资的工人,a badly-lighted room,光线不好的房间,2. good-,good-humoured,情绪很好的,good-tempered,脾气很好的,good-natured,天性善良的,英语复合形容词的构成方法,3. hard-,hard-faced,板着面孔的,hard-headed,冷静的,理智的,4. heart-,heart-breaking,让人心碎的,heartfelt,由衷的,heart-to-heart,推心置腹的,heart-warming,令人高兴的,英语复合形容词的构成方法,5. light-,light-fingered,爱小偷小摸的,light-headed,头晕,light-hearted,心情轻松的,6. long-,long-lived,长寿的,long-running,持续很久的,7. low-,low-cut,领口开得很低的,英语复合形容词的构成方法,8. newly-,newly married,新婚的,newly-built,新建的,9. well-,well-founded,有根据的,well-informed,消息灵通的,well-intentioned,用心良苦的,well-meant,好心,well-read,学识渊博的,英语复合形容词的构成方法,其他如:,tax-free,免税的,loose-fitting,宽松的,Waterproof,不透水的,fire-resistant,耐火的,car-sick,晕车的,tight-lipped,嘴紧的,vacuum-sealed,真空封闭的,airtight,密闭的,静态形容词与动态形容词,静态形容词是指描述人或事物所固有或持久性质的形容词,动态形容词则是表示暂时状态的形容词。英语中的形容词绝大部分是静态的,只有少数是动态的,。这两种形容词的区别是:,一、,静态形容词不能用于进行时态,而动态形容词可以,。如:,误:,He is being beautiful.,(beautiful,为静态形容词,),正:,He is being nervous.,他显得很紧张。,静态形容词与动态形容词,二、,静态形容词不能用于主要动词为,be,的祈使句,而动态形容词可以,。如:,误:,Be tall. / Dont be short. (tall,和,short,为静态形容词,),正:,Be polite. / Dont be rude.,有礼貌点。,/,不得无礼。,三、,静态形容词不能用于,What he did was to be,这类句型后作表语,而动态形容词可以,。如:,误:,What he did was to be tall. (tall,为静态形容词,),正:,What he did was to be careful.,他所事的是就是要认真。,静态形容词与动态形容词,四、静态形容词大多用于,Its +,adj.,+ for ,结构,而动态形容词则大多可用于,Its +,adj.,+ of sb ,结构。,如:,It was,difficult,for him to finish it in time.,要他按时完成它有困难。,It was,clever of,him to finish it in time.,他很聪明,按时完成了它。,静态形容词与动态形容词,五、,一些主动性较强的语境中可用动态形容词,但不用静态形容词。,如:,误:,You must be beautiful.,(must,若表肯定推测,此句则正确,),正:,You must be careful.,你必须仔细。,注:,通常可用于动态的形容词主要有,:,brave,勇敢的,calm,冷静的,careful,仔细的,careless,粗心的,cheerful,高兴的,clever,聪明的,cruel,残酷的,foolish,愚蠢的,friendly,友好的,impatient,不耐烦,kind,友好的,naughty,淘气的,nervous,紧张的,noisy,吵闹的,patient,有耐心的,quiet,安静的,serious,严肃的,shy,害羞的,stupid,愚蠢的 等等,。,asas,结构的几点用法说明,1.,基本用法,该结构的基本意思是“与,一样”,其中接形容词或副词的原级,在否定句中,第一个,as,也可换成,so,。,如:,He,doesnt,study,as so hard as,his brother.,他学习不如他弟弟努力。,2.,涉及数量或程度的用法,若涉及数量或程度,可用“,as much+,不可数名词,+as”,和“,as many+,可数名词复数,+as”,。如:,He doesnt pay,as much tax as,we do / as us.,他没我们交的税款多。,There are not,as many restaurants,as there were.,现在餐馆没有过去多了。,asas,结构的几点用法说明,3.,有关词序的一点说明,其间接形容词时,有时该形容词还可修饰另一名词,但这个名词应带有不定冠词,(,注意词序,),。如:,I have,as good a voice as,you.,我的声音和你一样好。,asas,结构的几点用法说明,4.,该结构的修饰语,根据情况可用,(not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, exactly, not quite, half, one-ten, twice, three times, 30 per cent,等修饰,并且这些修饰语必须置于第一个,as,之前,而不能置于其后,。如:,This room is,twice as large as,that one.,这个房间是那个房间的两个大。,Youre not,half as clever as,you think you are.,你远不是自己想像的那么聪明。,It took,three times as long as,I had expected.,这件事比我预料的多花了两倍的时间,as good as,的用法,as good as,用于字面义,表示“与,一样好”,若用作习语,则表示“几乎”“无异于”“实际上”。,如:,Is he as good as her at chess?,他下棋也像她下得一样好吗,?,He,as good as,said Im a liar.,他无异于说我撒谎。,The matter is,as good as,settled.,这事等于解决了。,as good as,的用法,另外,还有以下习惯搭配,其翻译不能随便从字面来理解:,(as) good as a play,非常有趣,(as) good as gold,表现很好的,(as) good as new,完好如新,as good as ones word,守信,as good as pie,很好的,可爱的,讨人喜欢,谈谈,alive,的用法,1.,关于比较等级的使用,表示“活着的”、“在世的”,其反义词是,dead (,死的,),;没有比较等级的变化。但表示“有活力的”、“活泼的”等义时,可以有比较等级的变化,且通常要加,more, most,构成。,如:,My grandfather is,more alive,than a lot of young people.,我爷爷比许多年轻人还有生气。,谈谈,alive,的用法,2.,关于用作定语,通常不放在名词前作定语,但可作作表语或后置定语,。,He must be still,alive,.,她一定还活着。,Hes the happiest man,alive,.,他在世界上最幸福的人。,Although he is old, he is,very much alive,.,虽然他很老了,但还很有生气。,注意:但是若本身带有修饰语,则可以用作前置定语,:,a really alive,student,一个十分活跃的学生,a really alive town,一个十分热闹市镇,谈谈,alive,的用法,除用作表语和有时用作定语外,,alive,有时还用作状语或补语,。如:,He was buried,alive,.,他被活埋了。,The spy was caught,alive,.,特务被活捉了。,Im afraid he cant come back,alive,.,恐怕他不能活着回来,谈谈,alive,的用法,3.,关于修饰语的使用,一般不用,very,修饰,但可用,much, very much, all,等修饰,。如:,He is (very),much alive.,他非常活跃。,The city was,all alive,when we arrived.,我们到达时,城里非常热闹。,但是当,alive (to),表示“意识到”,(=aware of),时,可用,very,修饰,。如:,He is,very alive to,the danger.,他完全意识到了这危险。,谈谈,alive,的用法,4.,用于搭配,be alive with,该习语意为“充满”、“到处是”。,如:,The woods are alive with birds.,树林中到处是鸟。,The street was alive with people.,街上挤满了人。,The sky was alive with stars.,满天星斗。,谈谈,alive,的用法,5. alive, living, live,的区别,三者均可表示“活着”,但用法有区别:,(1),alive,通常不放在名词前作定语,(,可用作表语或后置定语,),,但是本身有修饰语时,可用作前置定语等,;,主要用于人或动物。,(2),living,可用作表语或定语,可用于人或物,。如:,Both plants and animals are,living things,.,动植物都是生物。,My first English teacher is still,living,?,我的英语启蒙老师还健在。,English is,a living language,.,英语是一门活生生的语言。,谈谈,alive,的用法,从含义上看,alive,与,living,都可表示“活着”,含义很接近,只要句法适合,两者有时可互换。,如:,the greatest scientist alive = the greatest living scientist,依然健在的当代最伟大的科学家,Are your grandparents still alive living?,你祖父母还健在吗,?,谈谈,alive,的用法,若要严格区分,两者仍有差别。如:,living,侧重指“健在”或“尚在人间”,而,alive,则侧重指生与死的“界限”:,In the car accident the mother was killed, but her two-year-old son was found alive.,在这次车祸中,母亲死了,但是她两岁的儿子却还活着。,(,3)live,只用作定语,(,前置,),,主要用于动物、植物等,(,一般不用于人,),。,如:,He bought some,live fish,.,他买了几条活鱼。,Only a few,live trees,were left after the fire.,火灾之后只剩下几棵树还活着。,-ed,形容词与,-ing,形容词的用法区别,1.,以后缀,-ed,结尾的形容词,(,如,ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried,等,),通常用于说明人,不用于说明事物,即使它们所修饰的名词是事物,那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人,。如:,He had a pleased smile on his face.,他脸上露出了满意的微笑。,He told me the news in a very excited voice.,他告诉了我这个消息,声音很激动。,第一句中的,a pleased smile,意为“满意的微笑”,它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑;第二句中的,excited voice,指的是“激动的声音”,即指的是带有这种声音的某人感到激动。,-ed,形容词与,-ing,形容词的用法区别,2.,以后缀,-ing,结尾的形容词,(,如,delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying,等,),主要用于说明事物,表示事物的性质或特征,若用它们说明人,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。,如,The story is very interesting.,这个故事很有趣。,The man is very interesting.,这个人很有趣。,Comprehensive Exercises,1. Norway is one of _European countries with a large land area than Britain, Ireland or Italy.,as big B. the biggest,C. so big D. the bigger,2. I cant pay _as he asked for.,a as high price B. as a high price,C. as high price D. as high a price,3. Are you satisfied with Jacks job?,Not in the least. It couldnt be _.,so bad B. any worse,C. much better D. the best,Comprehensive Exercises,4. During the _, he enjoyed a good primary education.,first few happy years abroad,B. first happy few years abroad,C. happy first few abroad years,D. first abroad few happy years,5.Dont worry about me. Ill forget it _.,for long B. sooner,C. any longer D. in time,Comprehensive Exercises,6. Would you like some wine?,I dont drink wine as a rule, but I dont mind a glass _.,at any time B. once in a while,C. more or less D. all the time,7. The guests are _friends of the film star.,A. mostly B. almost,C. at most D. most of all,Comprehensive Exercises,8. He will pass two milestones _, that is, he will receive his masters degree and find a challenging job.,long ago B. not long ago,C. before long D. long before,9. What a pity! Ive not got a ticket for the football match.,Dont worry. Itll be broadcast _.,A. live B. lively C. alive D. living,Comprehensive Exercises,10. Whats wrong?Nothing serious. Im just _busy.,A. much B. more,C. too much D. far too,11. The little boy isnt getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son _, she feels very _.,disappointing,;,worrying,B. disappointing,;,worried,C. disappointed,;,worried,D.,disappointed,;,worrying,Self-distrust is the cause of most of our failures,!,The End!,
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