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,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,运用构词法，,增加英语词汇量,1,意义,英语单词虽然难学、难记，但它们一般是有规律可寻，这种规律被称之为构词法。英语构词法是英语词汇学的重要组成部分，它揭示了词汇的构成方式，是学习词汇、迅速扩大词汇量的十分有效的方法。如果我们从构词法入手，了解和掌握英语词汇的基本构成方式，就可以使词汇学习变得简单、高效，从而迅速扩大词汇量就可以成为一种可能。,2,One year ago,when Fiona turned four,Sam and I decided to,home-school,her instead of sending her to,pre-school,.,（,1,）,school,从名词,“,学校,”,转化为动词,“,教育某人,”,。,3,（,2,）同时,school,与,home,构成合成一个单词，意为,“,以家庭的方式教育某人,”,，,“,在家里教育某人,”,。这是,“,名词,+,动词,=,合成动词,”,。,4,（,3,）,pre-school,是由前缀,“,pre-,”,（表示,“,先于，在,之前,”,的意思）加词根,school,而构成的派生词，所以它的中文意义是指,“,幼儿园,”,。,5,构词法,1.,合成法,2.,转化法,3.,派生法,4.,缩略法,6,由词根加前缀或后缀构成新词。,一、派生法,否,定,前,缀,un-,dis-,in-,im-,mis-,non-,understand,polite,smoker,agree,fair,visible,7,一些重要的前缀：,1.re-,再,retell,remarry,review,2.mini-,微型的,minibus,miniskirt,3.tele-,远的,telescope,telephone,4.mid-,中间,midnight,mid-autumn,5.en-,使,enlarge,enrich,ensure,6.fore-,在,前面,foresee,，,forecast,7.pre-,提前，预先,preview,，,prepay,8,一些重要的后缀：,1.,表示人的有：,-er,-or,-an,-ress,-ist,如：,cleaner,driver,inventor,professor,Asian,Russian,hostess,actress,artist,scientist,9,2.,表示名词的后缀有：,-ment,-tion,-sion,-al,-ance,-th,-ness,-dom,如：,agreement,development,celebration,competition,arrival,proposal,importance,confidence,truth,length,happiness,darkness,freedom,wisdom,10,3.,表示形容词后缀的有：,-ful,-ble,-al,-less,-ly,-ous,-y,-ern,-en,如：,useful,hopeful,comfortable,enjoyable,natural,musical,careless,hopeless,homeless,friendly,weekly,lovely,famous,dangerous,cloudy,windy,eastern,western,woolen,wooden,11,4.,表示副词后缀的有：,-ly,如：,excitedly,finally,slowly,surprisingly,12,1.,Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning?Do you sometimes oversleep?,睡过头,13,2.Reading can _ your life.(rich),enrich,14,二、合成法,把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。用这种方法可以合成名词、形容词、代词、副词和动词等等。,15,waiting-room,kind-hearted,anyone,upstairs,overweight,16,For them,playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.,生死攸关的,17,三、转化法,由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词。,Never,trouble,trouble until,trouble,troubles you.,不要自找麻烦，除非麻烦来找你。,18,hand n./v.,look v./n.,empty adj./v.,gold n./adj.,before prep./conj.,19,四、缩略法,DV Digital Video,SOS,Save Our Ship,VIP,Very Important Person,20,练一练：一、指出下面划线单词的词类及意义。,1.Every morning we get,water,from the,well,and,water,the young plants,well,.,2.The lessons,last,from one to three,and the,last,lesson is English.,21,3.I must,work,hard,so that I may finish the,hard,work,by August.,4.He wrote those words,slowly,“,Drive,slow,!,”,22,二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。,1.You must do the exercises _(care).,carefully,23,2.A business can,t run well without good _(manage).,3.He was so _(kindness)that he gave me many storybooks.,management,kind,24,三、选择划线部分中的单词的意义。,（）,1.Don,t listen to his,nonsense,.,A.foolish talk or meaningless words,B.beautiful words,C.clever talk or meaningful words,A,25,()2.He,misunderstood,me.,A.understood rightly,B.understood wrongly,C.didn,t understand,B,26,()3.He,renamed,the restaurant,“,Paradise,”,.,A.called,B.named after,C.gave a new name,C,27,
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