定义情态动词学课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,情态动词,modal verbs,华南师范大学外国语言文化学院 周巧欣,杨锦,情态动词华南师范大学外国语言文化学院 周巧欣,page 10 para 1 line 4,By now his restaurant,ought to,be full of people.,line 7,Nothing,could,be better.,line 9,Something terrible,must,have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.,para 3 line 26,Perhaps he,should,go to the library and find out.,para 4 line 33,They,would,become very tired.,Reading the,book,page 10 para 1 line 4line 7lin,?,ought to,、,could,、,must,、,should,、,would,是什么呢？,?ought to、could、must、should、,语法特征,巩固练习,定义,具体用法,情态动词,modal verbs,语法特征巩固练习定义具体用法情态动词,定义,定义,情态动词（,Modal verbs,）本身有一定的词义，是表示说话人的某种情感或语气，对某一种动作或状态的态度的单词。,什么是情态动词？,常见的情态动词有：,can,could,may,might,should,shall,need,would,ought to,等,情态动词（Modal verbs）本身有一定的词义,语法特征,语法特征,情态动词的语法特征,2.,1.,情态动词,在,句中放在,谓语动词之前,谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中,情态动词则在,主语之前,。,例：,Nothing,could,be better.,Something terrible,must,have happened if Li Chang was not coming to,eat in his restaurant as he always did.,Why,could,he get the job?,情态动词,无人称和数的变化,，即情态动词不会因为人称和数量的区别而产生变化。,例：,By now his restaurant,ought to,be full of people.,By now his restaurants,ought to,be full of people.,情态动词的语法特征2.1.情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之,3.,情态动词的语法特征,4.,5.,情态动词除,ought,have,外，后面只能接,不带,to,的不定式,。,例：,By now his restaurant,ought to,be full of people.,They,would,become very tired.,否定式构成是在情态动词,后面加“not”,。,例：,You,shouldnt,come here.,个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去，现在或将来,.,.,3.情态动词的语法特征4.5.情态动词除ought,hav,常见情态动词的具体用法,常见情态动词的具体用法,can,和,could,1.,表示,能力：会,；在表示过去的能力时用,could,例：,I can swim.,I could not read such an easy book when I was seven.,2.,表示,允许，许可,。此时,could,不表示时态，而是比,can,在,语气上要客气些,例：,Could I read your book?,-Yse,you can.,could,提问，答语用,can,3.,表示,推测,，多用于疑问句与否定句中。在这里，,can,与,could,没有时态的区别，只有,可能性大小,的区别。,can,表示的可能性比,could,大,例：,He cannot be at home.,他不可能在家。,Can he be ill at home,？他会是生病在家吗？,can和could1.表示能力：会；在表示过去的,may,和,might,1.,表示,请求、许可,，常译为可以。口语中可以用,can,或,could,代替,may,，但在,正式场合用,may,例：,May/Might/can/could I have a talk with you?,2.,表示,推测,，可译为,“,可能，也许,”,；一般情况下，,might,表示的可能性极小；疑问句表推测时，一般不用,may,而用,can,例：,The light isnt on.It may/might be broken.,3.,可用于,祈使句,，表示祝愿,例：,May you be happy.,may和might1.表示请求、许可，常译为可以,must,和,have to,1.,must,和,have to,表示必须时，意思相近，但用法不同。,（,1,）,must,表示,主观,看法，,have to,表示,客观,必要,例：,I must study hard.(,发自内心,),I have to study hard if I want to have a good job.(,外界因素逼迫,),（,2,）,must,只有,一种,形式，,have to,有,多种,时态,例：,They,had to,put off the sports meeting due to the bad weather.,（,3,）,must,和,have to,的,否定式意思,完全不一样,例：,You mustnt tell anyone the secret.(mustnt,表示禁止,),You dont have to tell me the secret.(dont have ton=dont need to),must和have to1.must和have to表示必,must,和,have to,2.,must,表示推测时，肯定程度比,may,might,大得多，一般只用于肯定句,例：,He must be very lazy for his desk is untidy.,3.,must,有时可以用来表示,“,偏偏,”,例,:When I was taking a nap,a stdent must knock at my door.,must和have to2.must表示推测时，肯定,should,3.,表示,义务,，译为,“,应该,”,（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称,例：,Children should obey their parents.,2.,常与,why,what,how,等,疑问词连用,，表示,意外、惊讶,例,:I dont know why you should think I did it.,1.,表示,推测,，可译为,“,可能，照说应该,”,例：,It should be fine tomorrow.,The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.,should3.表示义务，译为“应该”（某件事宜于做）,情态动词,+have done,1.,may,might+have done,表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行,不肯定,的推测，,might,语气稍弱一点儿，只能用于,肯定句和否定句,中，表示,过去可能做过某事或过去可能没做过某事,。,例：,You might have read about it in the papers.,你可能在报上已经看过这个消息了。,3.,must+have done,只用于,肯定句,中，表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行肯定的推测，,意为过去一定做过某事,。,例,:When I was taking a nap,a stdent must have knocked at my door.,2.,can,could,可用于,否定句,中，即cant have done couldn,t have done,，表示对过去发生的事情或状态的肯定的推测，意为,过去不可能做过，肯定没做过,。,例：,My sister met him at the theatre last night,so he couldn,t have attended your lecture.,情态动词+have done1.maymight+,巩固练习,巩固练习,practice,1.,-Where is Emma?,-I cant say it for sure where she is,but she _ be out shopping.,A.can B.should C.must D.may,2.,The room is in a terrible mess;it _ cleaned.,A.cant have been B.couldnt be,C.may have been D.would be,3.,-When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon.,-They _ be ready by 12:00.,A.can B.should C.might D.need,D,A,B,practice1.-Where is Emma,THANKS,！,THANKS！,