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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,英 语,第一页,共49页。,第27讲 名词(mng c)和冠词,第二页,共49页。,名词,【真题体验(tyn)】,1Mum,I want,to,buy an iPhone 5s for a change.,Well,I think there is no _B_Its almost the same as an iPhone 4s.(2014,宁波),Aread Bneed Canswer Dway,2What _C_ bowl of noodles would you like,small,medium or large?,A large bowl of beef noodles,please.(2014,黄冈),Acolour Bprice Csize DKindosos,第三页,共49页。,3Our school uniforms are out of _D_We think young people should look smart.(2014,绍兴(sho xn),Aluck Bsight,Creach Dfashion,4I want a sweet milk.Put some _D_ in my cup,please.(2014,河北),Aice Bsoup,Csalt Dsugar,第四页,共49页。,【考点梳理】,名词是中考考查的重点,考查内容主要为:,1常用专有名词的表示方法;,2可数名词单、复数变化规则及其用法;,3不可数名词量的表示方法;,4名词所有格的运用方法;,5名词作主语(zhy)时主谓一致问题;,6名词词义的辨析。,第五页,共49页。,高频(o pn)考点一常用专有名词,1人名。如:Jackie Chan,Yao Ming,2地名。如:New York,the Great Wall,3国名。如:China,America,4一周七天。如:Monday,Tuesday,5一年十二个月。如:May,September,6节日。如:Teachers Day,Mothers Day,Christmas Day,7专有名词缩写形式。如:USA,CD,第六页,共49页。,【例1】When is _ D _ Day?,Its on June 1st,Dave.(2014,东营),AChild BChildren,CChilds DChildrens,点拨:由答语“六月一日”可知(k zh)问句是“儿童节是什么时候?”儿童节为“Childrens Day”。,第七页,共49页。,高频考点二名词辨析,名词词义辨析主要指考生在不同的语言环境中,通过(tnggu)对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确地掌握其意义,然后作出正确的选择。近年来,这一考点成为了考查名词的主要形式之一,并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。,【例2】_ C _ is one of the four great inventions of ancient China.(2014,兰州),AThe car BThe train,CPapermaking DThe computer,点拨:由句意“中国古代四大发明之一”,可知只有“造纸术”符合题意。,第八页,共49页。,【例3】Look at the clouds,so beautiful!,Wow,so many different _ B _,horses,sheep,flowers.(2014,湖州),Asizes Bshapes Ccolours Dstyles,点拨:A项意为“尺寸”;B项意为“形状”;C项意为“颜色”;D项意为“风格;款式”。由第二句“马,羊,花”可知是描述(mio sh)云朵的形状。,高频考点三名词的数,名词分可数名词与不可数名词两类。可数名词有单、复数变化形式。a用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。如:an uncle,a university,an honest man,an hour,a useful book,an apple等。其复数形式分为规则和不规则两种:,第九页,共49页。,1可数名词的复数(fsh)规则变化,变化规则,例子,一般情况下,,,在名词的末尾加,s,desk,desks,,,apple,apples,以,s,,,x,,,sh,,,ch,结尾的名词,,,在词尾加,es,class,classes,,,box,boxes,,,watch,watches,以辅音,y,结尾的名词,,,把,y,变为,i,,,再加,es,country,countries,,,factory,factories,以,f,或,fe,结尾的名词,,,把,f,或,fe,变为,v,,,再加,es,knife,knives,,,wife,wives,,,leaf,leaves,以,o,结尾表示有生命的名词,,,在词尾加,es,tomato,tomatoes,,,hero,heroes,以,o,结尾表示无生命的名词,,,在词尾加,s,radio,radios,,,photo,photos,第十页,共49页。,2.可数名词的复数不规则变化,元音或词尾发生变化,如:manmen;womanwomen;,FrenchmanFrenchmen;toothteeth;,footfeet;childchildren,单复数形式相同,如:sheepsheep;fish(鱼的条数(tio sh)fish;Chinese(中国人)Chinese;Japanese(日本人)Japanese;deer(鹿)deer,形式为单数,意思为复数,如:people,police,第十一页,共49页。,视为整体时,谓语用单数(dnsh);视为个体时,谓语用复数。,如:family,class,team,group,形式为复数,意思为单数(dnsh),如:news,maths,physics,the United States等。,只用复数形式pants,shorts,clothes,glasses(眼镜)等。,由man,woman构成的合成名词,变复数时将名词及man,woman都变成复数。,如:man drivermen drivers,woman teacherwomen teachers,第十二页,共49页。,但其他合成名词,只需把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式(xngsh)。,如:a banana treebanana trees;a shoe factoryshoe factories,注意:可数名词的单复数要与句子结构保持一致。,可数名词一般不单独使用,表类别时可用复数形式(xngsh),或用不定冠词和定冠词加单数名词。如:oranges,the/an orange。,修饰可数名词复数的词有these,those,many,(a)few,a/the number of,some/any,a lot of等。常用they,them来替代。,第十三页,共49页。,3不可数名词,不可数名词分为物质(wzh)名词和抽象名词,它们一般没有复数形式。如果要表示不可数名词的数量则要借助于“a量词(可数名词)of不可数名词”短语,变复数时把a变为具体数词,量词变为复数形式。如:a bowl of water一碗水;two cups of tea两杯茶,初中阶段常见的不可数名词有:water,rice,tea,milk,food,fruit,meat,fish(鱼肉),chicken(鸡肉),beef,mutton,orange(橙汁),sugar,salt,paper(纸),porridge,bread,sand,juice,news,music,time(时间),information,fun,advice等。,第十四页,共49页。,注意:有些名词既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,如:time(次数,倍数/时间),fish(鱼/鱼肉),glass(眼镜/玻璃),room(房间/空间),noise(响声/噪音),paper(试卷,文件(wnjin)/纸),chicken(鸡/鸡肉),experience(经历/经验)。,表示不定数量时,不可数名词常用much,(a)little,a lot of,some,any等修饰。常用it来替代。,第十五页,共49页。,【例4】You can find many _ B _ about the famous film star on the Internet.(2014,内江),Anews Bpictures,Ctickets Dinformation,点拨:news和information为不可数名词,不能用many修饰(xish);pictures意为“图片”,tickets意为“票”。句意为“你可以在因特网上找到很多关于著名影星的图片。”,第十六页,共49页。,【例5】Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef,vegetables and _ A _.(2014,广州),Asome rice Ba few rice,Ca little rices Da rice,点拨:some既可修饰(xish)可数名词,也可修饰(xish)不可数名词;a few修饰(xish)可数名词,a little修饰(xish)不可数名词;rice是不可数名词,不用不定冠词修饰(xish)。.,第十七页,共49页。,高频考点四名词所有格,1有生命的东西的名词所有格,一般用在词尾加“s”这种形式来表示。,如:Its my mothers handbag.这是我妈妈的手提包。,2以s或es结尾的名词末尾只加“”。有些表示时间、距离(jl)、国家、城镇等无生命的事物的名词,也可以加“s”构成所有格。如:,Its only twenty minutes walk.这只是步行20分钟的路程。,Who won the girls 100metre race?谁赢了女子百米赛跑?,第十八页,共49页。,3不以s或es结尾的复数名词末尾仍要加“s”。如:,Wheres the Peoples Hospital,please?请问人民医院在哪儿?,Its the policemens bedroom.这是警察宿舍。,4表示两个(lin)或多个人共同拥有的人或物时,只需在并列名词的后一个名词词尾加“s”。若表示两者各自所有时,则每个名词后均加“s”。试比较:,Lily and Lucys father is a worker.莉莉和露茜的父亲是工人。,Lilys and Lucys fathers are both workers.莉莉的父,亲和露茜的父亲都是工人。,第十九页,共49页。,5有些名词如:诊所、家、店铺等名词所有格后加“s”后,可以省去表示相关处所的名词。如:the doctors(医生诊所),Mr.Whites(怀特先生家),the booksellers(书店)。,6of所有格主要表示无生命的东西(dngx)。,如:a map of China一幅中国地图,第二十页,共49页。,7既表示所属关系又表示数量时要用双重所有格。如:an old friend of my uncles,a photo of Jims family等。,【例6】Is the schoolbag under the desk yours?,No,its my _ B _.He left it there just now.(2014,长沙),Abrother Bbrothers,Cbrothers Dbrothers,点拨:由答语可知“是我弟弟的”,要用所有格形式(xngsh),问句中用的是单数,所有
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