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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,零指数幂与负整指数幂,复习:幂的运算性质:,(,1,),a,m,a,n,=,;,(,2,),(,a,m,),n,=,;,(,3,),(,ab,),n,=,;,(,4,),a,m,a,n,=,。,注意:这里的,m,、,n,均为正整数。,a,m+n,a,m-n,a,mn,a,n,b,n,(,m,n,,且,a,0,),问题,1,:计算下列各式,(,1,),3,4,3,4,;,(,2,);,(,3,),a,m,a,m,a,0,=1,请用语言叙述,由此我们规定,任何不等于零的数的零次幂都等于,1,。,(,a,0),练习:,1,、计算:,(,1,),10,8,10,8,;(,2,),(-0.1),0,;(,3,);,(,4,);(,5,);(,6,)。,2,、想一想,,(,x,-1),0,等于什么?,问题,2,:计算下列各式,(,1,),3,4,3,5,;(,2,),a,4,a,6,。,由此可知:,问题,3,:猜想,a,-,p,=?,我们规定:,a,0,零指数幂;,a,p,负指数幂。,语言叙述为:任何不等于零的数的,-p(p,是正整数,),次幂,等于这个数的,p,次幂的倒数。,练习,3,:,1,、下列计算对吗?为什么?错的请改正。,(,3),0,=,1,;,(,2),1,1,;,2,2,=,4,;,a,3,a,3,=0,;,a,p,a,p,=1,(,a0,)。,2,、计算:,(1)10,-2,;,(2)2,-2,;,(3),;,(4)4,-2,;,(5)10,-3,;,(6)(-0.5),-3,;,(7)(-3),-4,;,(8),;,(9),;,(10)8,10,8,10,;,(11)10,2,10,5,;,(12),;,(13),;,(14)5,10,25,4,。,找规律,个,0,n,个,0,n,(,n,为正整数,),问题:计算,10000,1000,100,10,1,0.1,0.01,0.001,0.0001,问题,3,:用整数或小数表示下列各数:,(1)9.932,10,3,(3)7.2110,-,5,(2),-,4.2110,7,(4),-,3.02110,3,=9932,=0.0000721,=,-,42100000,=,-,0.003021,=7.21,=7.21,=7.210.00001,=-,3.021,=-,3.021,=-,3.0210.001,较大数的科学记数法:,a,10,n,(1,|,a,|,10,,,n,为正整数),9.932,10,3,-,4.2110,7,7.2110,5,-,3.02110,3,较小数的科学记数法:,a,10,-,n,(1,|,a,|,10,,,n,为正整数),=0.0000721,=,-,0.003021,练习,4,:,1,、把下列各数表示成,a,10,n,(,1a,10,n,为整数,),的形式:,12000,;,(2)0.0021,;,(3)0.0000501,。,2,、用科学记数法表示:,(,1,),0.000 02,;(,2,),0.000 003,;,(,3,),-0.000 034,;(,4,),-0.000 006 4,;,(,5,),0.000 0314,;(,6,),2013000,。,3,、用小数表示下列各数:,(,1,),3.510,-5,;(,2,),9.32,10,8,。,5,、计算下列各题,并把结果用科学记数法的形式表示:,(,1,),2.110,3,3.510,4,;,(,2,),7.8510,3,9.5810,-6,;,(,3,),510,-3,610,-8,;,(,4,)(,10.0110,3,),(,210,4,)(结果保留,3,个有效数字)。,小结,1.,我们知道了指数有正整数,还有负整数、零。,a,0,=1,,(,a,0,),,a,-,p,=,(,a,0,,且,p,为正整数),2.,同底数幂的除法法则,a,m,a,n,=a,m,n,(,a,0,,,m,、,n,都是正整数,且,m,n,),中的条件可以改为:,(,a,0,,,m,、,n,都是正整数),a,10,-,n,(1,|,a,|,10,,,n,为正整数),a,10,n,(1,|,a,|,10,,,n,为正整数),3,、科学记数法:,个,0,个,0,(,n,为正整数,),;,n,n,小测:,1,、选择,(1),计算,2,-1,结果是,()A,、,-2 B,、,2 C,、,-1/2 D,、,1/2(2),各式正确的是,()A,、,x,2,p,x,p,=,x,2,B,、,x,m,x,-n,=,x,m-n,C,、,x,m-n,=,x,m,-,x,-n,D,、,x,6,x,2,=,x,3,(3),下列各式正确的个数是,(),(0.1),0,=1,10,-3,=0.0001,10,-5,=0.00001,(6-3,2),0,=1 A,、,1,个,B,、,2,个,C,、,3,个,D,、,4,个,(4),各式错误的是,(),A,、,x,12,x,2,x,2,=,x,8,B,、,xx,6,(,x,3,),2,=,x,C,、,(,xy,),5,(,xy,3,)=(,xy,),2,D,、,x,10,(,x,4,x,2,),=,x,8,2,、填空,(1),a,3,a,=_ (,a,3,),2,a,3,=_,(2),当,x,_,时,(,x,-1),0,=1,(3),空气的密度是,1.23910,-3,克,/,厘米,3,,用小数表示,。,(4),声音的强度单位为分贝,通常讲话时声音是,50,分贝,它表示声音的强度是,10,5,摩托车发出声音是,110,分贝,它表示声音的强度是,10,11,喷气式飞机发出声音是,150,分贝,其强度是摩托车发出声音的,_,倍,讲话声音的,_,倍。,练习,5,:,1,、用分数表示:,7,2,=_ 5,3,=_,(,3,),1,=_(0.1),-2,=,_,2,、用小数表示:,310,6,=_ 8.7 10,3,_,5,0,10,2,=_,3,、求解,(,1),如果(3/2),y,=4/9,求,y,值?,(2)(-10),2,+(-10),0,+10,-2,(-10,2,)(3),月球质量约为,7.351,10,25,克,地球质量约为,5.977,10,27,克,地球质量约为月球质量多少倍,?(4),小明家的电脑用的是奔腾,处理器,开机,1,小时运行次数是,2.64,10,12,次,运算频率,(,每秒运算次数,),是多少,?,思考题,:,1,、若,(y,5),0,无意义,且,3x+2y=1,求,x,y,的值,.,2,、若,x,m,=,2,x,n,=4,x,3m,2n,的值,.,3,、求,27,50,(-9),74,的值,.,4,、,0.8,10,-4,用小数表示为,_.,5,、用科学记数法表示,:,0.0000653,0.00985 5690000,布置作业:,作业练习卷,8,板书设计:,课题,1,、零指数幂,2,、负整指数幂 投影幕,3,、科学记数法,学生板演,
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