资源描述
单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,物理实验绪论,(,习题部分,),(1)L=0.00001 cm,1,位,有效数,(2)T=1.0001 s,5,位,有效数,(3)E=2.7,10 J,2,位,有效数,(4)g=980.12306 cm/s,8,位,有效数,1.,指出下列各量是几位有效数:,重点,:,有效数字为可靠数字加上末位一位可疑数字。,2.,根据测量不确定度和有效数字概念,改正以下测量 结果表达式,写出正确答案。,重点,:,不确定度的有效数字只取一位,测量结果的,最后一位与其对齐。,(1)d=(10.,4,0.,3,)cm,(,对齐,),(2)E=(1.9,2,0.0,5,)v,(,对齐,),(3)L=(10.,8,0.,2,)mm,(,取一位再对齐,),(4)P=(3.1,7,0.0,2,)X10 Kg,(,取一位再对齐,),(5)R=(1.23,5,0.00,4,)X10,(,对齐,),(6)I=(5.35,4,0.00,5,)X10mA,(,取一位再对齐,),(7)L=(10.,0,0.,1,)mm,(,取一位再对齐,),3.,判断下列各式的正误,写出有效数字的正确答案,重点,:,加减法运算结果的有效数字与分量中估计位最高的 为准,.,乘除法运算结果的有效数字位数与各分量中有效数字最少的相同,.,(1)1.732,X,1.74,=,3.01,(2)628.7,7.8,=,81,(3)(38.4+4.256),2.0,=,21,(4)(17.34 17.13)X 14.28=,3.0,0.21,4.,换算下列各测量值的单位,重点,:,单位换算不要改变有效数字的位数。,4.80,cm=(,4.80,X10)m=(,4.80,X10)mm,30.70,g=(,30.70,X10)Kg=(,30.70,X10)mg,3.50,mA=(,3.50,X10)A=(,3.50,X10),A,5,.,用一千分尺,测量一钢球直径,D,为,7.985mm,、,7.986mm,、,7.987mm,、,7.986mm,、,7.987mm,、,7.985mm,、,7.985mm,、,7.986mm,。求钢球直径平均值和不确定度,并写出测量,结果的完整表达式。,6.,已知质量,m=(213.040.05)g,的铜圆柱体,用,0,125mm,、,分度为,0.02mm,的游标卡尺测得其高度,h,为,80.38mm,、,80.37mm,、,80.36mm,、,80.37mm,、,80.36mm,、,80.38mm,;用一级,0,25mm,千分尺测得其直径,d,为,19.465mm,、,19.466mm,、,19.465mm,、,19.464mm,、,19.467mm,、,19.466mm,。求该铜柱体的密度。,附加题,1.,用游标卡尺(精度,mm),测量工件长度共,9,次,测量值,L(mm,),分别为:,63.56,、,63.58,、,63.54,、,63.56,、,63.54,、,63.56,、,63.60,、,63.58,、,63.52,,求其算术平均值,测量不确定度,并写出测量结果的完整表达式,L=,9,L,i,=,63.56,(mm),(Li L),S,L,=,0.024,(mm),9 1,u=,仪,=,0.02,(mm),U=S,L,+u=,3.1X10,(mm),L=LU=(,63.560.04,)mm,附加题,2.,用千分尺,(,分度值为,0.01mm,),测得钢球直径,D(mm,),共,9,次,其值分别为:,24.268,、,24.256,、,24.258,、,24.262,、,24.260,、,24.244,、,24.242,、,24.252,、,24.246,。千分尺的零点读数,d,。,=0.012mm,,,求,钢球的体积,不确定度,写出测量结果的完整表达式。,=,24.242,(mm),S,D,=,8.9,X10(mm),u=,5,X10(mm),U,D,=S,D,+u=,10,X10(mm),V=,6,(D)=,7459.4,(mm),取3.14159,U,V,=,2,(D)U,D,=,9.2,(mm),V=VU,V,=(,7461,)X10(mm),附加题,3.,单摆摆球直径,d=2.600 cm,摆长,d,2,实验测得不同摆长下个周期()的时间,t,如下表所示,用图解法求重力加速度,g.,L,1,(cm),48.70,58.70,68.70,78.70,88.70,98.70,t,(S),70.90,77.81,84.02,89.74,95.13,100.44,L,(cm),47.4,57.4,67.4,77.4,87.4,97.4,T,(S,),2.01,2.42,2.82,3.22,3.62,4.04,45.0 55.0 65.0 75.0 85.0 95.0,L(cm),T(S),4.00,3.50,3.00,2.50,2.00,+,+,+,+,+,+,TL,曲线,(5mm0.1 S 2mm1 cm),(,90.0,3.74,),(,50.0,2.14,),55.0 60.0,57.4,57,为可靠数字,0.4,为可疑数字,3.00,3.20,3.23,3.2,为可靠数字,0.03,为可疑数字,K=,4.00,X10(S,cm,),g=4,L T,g=4 k=,987,(,cm S,),(3.74-2.14),(90.0 50.0),作图步骤,:,准备作图数据(注意有效位数),在坐标纸上确定坐标轴的比例与标度,注明图名分度说明标记完整,根据作图数据进行描点描点符号要正确,根据数据点绘出光滑的直线或曲线,在直线或曲线上选点并标记坐标,根据线上两点求斜率,最后算出结果,
展开阅读全文