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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar,：,The Infinitive,动词不定式,Grammar：The Infinitive,1,动词不定式,是动词的一种非谓语形式。,由,“,to+,动词原形,”,构成,其否定形式是,“,not to do,”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。,动词不定式,动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式。由“to+动词原形”构成,2,结构,:to do,(,否定,)not to do,二,.,时态与语态,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,进行式,完成式,完成进行式,不定式,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been,done,to have been,doing,-,-,结构:to do 二.时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式,3,(1).They pretended not,to see us,.,(2).He pretended,to be sleeping,.,(3).She pretended,to have known it before.,(,一般式表示与谓语的动作同时,/,几乎,/,发生在,它之后,.),(,进行式表示在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行,),(,完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前,),(4).Were happy,to have been working with,you.,(,完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的,动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续,),(1).They pretended not to see,4,1.,作主语,2.,作表语,4.,作宾语补足语,3.,作宾语,5.,作定语,6.,作状语,7.,作插入语,三、用法,1.作主语2.作表语4.作宾语补足语3.作宾语5.,5,To see,is,to believe,.,It,s important,to learn English well,.,1.,主语,单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数,若不定式太长,往往用,it,作形式主语,不定式置后,.,My job,to help the patient,.,Your task,to clean the classroom,.,2.,表语,To see is to believe.1.主语单个不定,6,Eg.,I want,to go home,.,The workers demanded,to get better pay,.,3,宾语,常见的以不定式作宾语的动词有,afford,，,appear,，,agree,，,ask,，,believe,，,decide,，,demand,，,desire,，,fail,，,hope,，,intend,，,learn,，,mean,，,offer,，,promise,，,refuse,，,wish,等,(1),常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：,want,agree,afford,attempt,choose,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,fail,expect,get,hate,hesitate,hope,intend,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,wish,。,Eg.3 宾语常见的以不定式作宾语的动词有afford，ap,7,(2),在不定式作宾语时，有时我们会使用,it,作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面,句型为：,主语,+find,think,make,feel,believe,consider it+adj./n.+to do sth,I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer.,我发现有可能不用计算机而解出这道题目。,She made it a rule to get up at five.,她养成了五点起床的习惯。,(2)在不定式作宾语时，有时我们会使用it作形式宾语，而把不,8,(3),动词不定式还可做介词的宾语，但只限于,but,和,except,在下列短语后，,but,之后只能跟不带,to,的不定式。,do nothing but,只能,cannot but,禁不住。,。,。,do anything but,决不,cannot choose but,只得。,。,。,cannot help but,There is nothing to do but+,动词原形,do nothing but,只能,can but,只有做,do anything but,决不,Have no choice but to do,只得,cannot choose/help but,不得不,(3)动词不定式还可做介词的宾语，但只限于but和exce,9,The teacher told me,to clean the blackboard,.,I expect you,to give me some help,.,引导不定式作宾补的动词：,warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force,等,+sb to do sth,4.,宾补,The teacher told me to clean t,10,四看,watch,see,observe,notice,(1.),使役动词：三让,let,make,have,二听,listen to,hear,一感,:,feel,(2.),感官动词,四看 watch see observe notice(1,11,e.g.I made him do his work.,He was made,to,do his work(by me).,注意,(2.)help,后面的“,to”,可省去,e.g.They often help the grandma(to)carry water.,(1.),在,使役动词,let,make,have,和,感官动词,feel;,hear,listen to;watch,see,notice,look at,observe,等,后面,不定式作,宾语补足语,时要省“,to”,（注,:,被动,语态不能省,to,）,e.g.I made him do his work.He,12,(3),不定式用在介词,but,except,besides,后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词,do,的任何一种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带,to,相反则带,to.,She could,do,nothing but,cry,.,You have no choice but to go.,What do you like to,do,besides,sleep,?,(3)不定式用在介词but,except,beside,13,I have something,to say,.,He has a lot of homework,to do,.,5.,定语,(,如果不定式中的动词是,不及物,动词,则不定式中要有介词,.),Please give me a pen,to write with.,He is looking for a room,to live,in,.,There is nothing,to worry,about,.,I have something to say.5.定语(,14,He spoke loudly(so as/in order),to be heard,.,(1.),表示目的,:,to do,in order to,do,so as to,do,6,作状语,He got up early,to catch the train,.,I came here,to see you,.,He spoke loudly(so as/i,15,(2.),表示原因,:,Be+adj.+to do sth,表示人的喜怒哀乐，用在作表语的形容词后作状语,表原因或方式,常用,adj,有，,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,right,wrong,rude,cruel,disappointed,等。,eg:Im glad,to see you.,We were surprised,to hear the news.,(2.)表示原因:eg:Im glad to see,16,so+adj./adv.+as to do,such+adj.+n.+as to do,adj./adv.+enough+to do,He was,so,foolish,as to,believe it.,=He was,such,a fool,as to,believe it.,=He was foolish,enough to,believe it.,(3,.),结果状语,:,注意,:,不定式,往往表示,与主观愿望相反,的结果。,He hurried to the station,only to find,the train,had left.,so+adj./adv.+as to do,17,7.,插入语（独立结构）,to be frank,to be honest,To begin with,Eg.,To tell the truth,I dont agree with you.,类似的结构,7.插入语（独立结构）to be frank,Eg.类似,18,疑问词,who,which,when,how,what,等,与不定式,连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,He didnt know,what to say,.,(,宾语,),他不知道说什么。,How to solve,the problem is very important,.,(,主语,),如何解决这个问题很重要。,My question is,when to start,.,(,表语,),我的问题是什么时候开始。,四、,疑问词,+,不定式,疑问词 who,which,when,how,what,19,注意：,(1).,不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要,省略该动词,.,A:,Would you like to go with me?,B:,Id like to.,(2).,不定式是,to be,结构,be,不可省,.,A:,Would you like to be a teacher?,B:,Id like to be.,注意：(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要,20,
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