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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,语法填空第三讲：,有提示词之,词性转换,语法填空第三讲：,词性转换,是语法填空的必考点。这一考点涉及到,:,(1),句子成分划分或句子结构分析；,(2),各种词性的语法功能；,(3),构词法特别是派生法,词性转换,等多个知识点，是综合性较强的一道题。我们将其主要考点和必备基础归纳如下：,词性转换是语法填空的必考点。这一考点涉及到:,考点,1,：形容词,副词,形容词后,+ly,可变成与原来意义相同的副词。,直接加,-ly,slow,慢的,slowly,缓慢地,改,y,为,-ily,happy,高兴的,happily,高兴地,去,e,加,-ly,true,真的,truly,真的,考点解密,考点1：形容词副词直接加-lyslow 慢的,后 缀,例 词,后 缀,例 词,-al,industrial national,-an,European American,-ern,eastern northern,-able,reasonable believable,-ful,careful mouthful,-ish,childish selfish,-ive,active creative,-y,dirty thirsty windy,-en,golden wooden,-ary,imaginary revolutionary,-ic,realistic historic,-some,troublesome lonesome,-like,childlike womanlike,-ly,friendly lovely,-less,careless harmless,考点,2,：名词,形容词,(1),名词加不同的后缀变成形容词，常见的后缀有：,后 缀 例 词 后 缀 例 词-a,(2),形容词变成名词。如：,后缀,例 词,-ness,happiness,幸福,illness,疾病,-y,difficulty,困难,possibility,可能性,-ism,socialism,社会主义,(2)形容词变成名词。如：后缀例 词-ness,考点,3,：形容词,动词,(1),形容词可变成动词。如：,en-,enrich,丰富,enable,使能够,-en,widen,加宽,sharpen,削尖,shorten,缩短,soften,软化,-ize,Americanize,美国化,civilize,使开化,modernize,现代化,nationalize,国有化,-y,simplify,简化,某些名词后加,-y,可变成动词，表示“使,化”。如：,beautify,美化,考点3：形容词动词en-enrich丰富 enable,(2),动词变成形容词。如：,-ous,continuous,持续的,various,各种各样的,-able,/ible,drinkable,可饮用的,accessible,可进入的,-ing,/ed,interesting,令人感兴趣的,excited,兴奋的,(2)动词变成形容词。如：-ouscontinuous持续的,考点,4,：动词,名词,后缀,例 词,-ance,acceptance,接受,appearance,出现,-ence,reference,参考,existence,存在,-al,refusal,拒绝,arrival,到达,-tion,dictation,听写,preparation,准备,-ment,argument,争论,judgment,判断,考点4：动词名词后缀例 词-anceac,考点,5,：名词,名词,(,人,),后缀,例 词,-er,teacher,教师,reader,读者,officer,官员,farmer,农夫,villager,村民,Londoner,伦敦人,-or,conductor,售票员,visitor,游客,-ar,beggar,乞丐,-ess,actress,女演员,hostess,女主人,-ese,Chinese,中国人,Japanese,日本人,-ian,musician,音乐家,physician,内科医生,-ist,scientist,科学家,socialist,社会主义者,考点5：名词名词(人)后缀例 词-ert,考点,6,：不变词性的前缀和后缀,前缀,含 义,例 词,dis-,不，否定,dissatisfy,使不满意,dishonest,不诚实,un-,不,unable,不能够,unlucky,不幸的,un-,相反动作,undress,脱衣服,unload,卸货,in-,im-,ir-,il-,不，非,inactive,不活跃的,incorrect,不正确的,impolite,不有礼貌的,impossible,不可能的,irregular,不规则的,irresponsible,不负责任的,illogical,不合逻辑的,illegal,非法的,non-,不，非,non-existent,不存在的,non-stop,直达的,mis-,错误的，坏的,misunderstand,误解,misfortune,厄运,不幸,考点6：不变词性的前缀和后缀前缀含 义例 词d,前缀,含 义,例 词,re,重复，再,rewrite,重写,remarry,再婚,super-,在上面，超级,supermarket,超市,supermodel,超级名模,under-,在,之下,underestimate,低估,underground,地下的,inter-,相互，之间,international,国际的,interact,相互作用,semi-,半,semifinal,（半决赛）,semicircle,半圆,multi-,多，多种,multi-national,多国的,multi-coloured,多种颜色的,kilo-,千,kilometer,千米,公里,kilogram,千克,公斤,tele-,远,telephone,电话,television,电视,a-,在,上,/,里,aboard,在船,/,火车,/,飞机上,ahead,在前面,前缀含 义例 词re重复，再rewrite重写,注：,前缀一般只改变词义而不改变词性：,但,en-,也改变词性，如：,large,大的,-enlarge,扩大，,danger,危险,-endanger,危及；,后缀一般改变词性不改变词义，,但,-ship,也不改变词性，如：,leader,领导,-leadership,领导阶层；,friend,朋友,-friendship,友谊。,注：前缀一般只改变词义而不改变词性：,要正确解答高考语法填空中的词语派生题，必须弄清要填的,词在句子中充当哪种句子成分，,作该种成分需要哪种词类的词；然后再,根据构词法,将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。,下表归纳了各种,句子成分的概念,、所处的,语境,和充当该,句子成分,的典型词类，这些是做好词语派生题的必备基础，建议同学们理解并熟记：,解题技巧,要正确解答高考语法填空中的词语派生题，必须弄清要,概念描述,所处语境,充当的词类,主语,讲的是什么人或什么事,句子最前面；在冠词、形容词性物主代词，及,some,any,other,等后,名词、,代词；,动名词、,不定式,或从句,宾语,动作的,行为对象,及物动词或介词之后；在冠词、形容词性物主代词，及,some,any,other,等后,谓语,表示主语干什么或是什么,主语之后,动词,表语,说明主语的身份、特征或状态,系动词之后,主要是形容词；,某些名词；,个别副词,补语,补充说明宾语或主语,在宾语之后；或在被动式谓语之后,定语,修饰和限定名词或代词,名词之前，,something,等代词之后,形容词,状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子,动词前后；形容词或副词之前；句首,副词,概念描述所处语境充当的词类主语讲的是什么人或什么事句子最前面,根据该词在句子所作成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：,技巧,1,：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。,The youngster immediately fell _(silence)as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.,解析：因在系动词,felt,后作表语，用形容词，故填,silent,。,In a _(danger)part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand,they learnt to,解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填,dangerous,。,考点分析,根据该词在句子所作成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：技巧1：作,Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _(interest)in the subject,解析：因所填词在句中作宾语,most of their students,的补足语，用形容词；表示”感兴趣的”，填,interested,。,考点分析,Teachers must try their best t,1.In this lecture,I can only give you a purely _(person)view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.,2.If I find someone who looks like the suspect,my _(immediately)reaction will be to tell the police.,personal,immediate,巩固练习,1.In this lecture,I can only,技巧,2,：作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，,用名词形式,；在形容词性物主代词后，或者在”冠词,(+,形容词,)”,后，,用名词形式。要注意名词,是否用复数,形式。如：,考点分析,技巧2：作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式；在形容,1.Always read the _(instruct)on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.,2.On the seven days in a week,Saturday is said to be the most popular _(choose)for a wedding in some countries.,3.We take _(proud)in the prosperity of our country.,instructions,choice,pride,巩固练习,1.Always read the _,4.the remains date from this period because of their _(similar)to those found elsewhere.,5.instructors expect students to be familiar with _(inform)in the reading,similarities,information,巩固练习,4.the remains date from this,技巧,3,：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。,如：,1,Volunteering is becoming _(increase)popular in China.,2,I wasnt blaming anyone;I _(mere)said errors like this could be avoided.,increasingly,merel
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