(精品)英语分词

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语分词,分词是动词的非谓语形式。它是由动词,+,ing,或 动词,+,ed,构成，它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语。如：,working,，,worked,，,washing,，,washed.,分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加,ing,。而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加,ed.,分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。,分词作定语,China is a developing country.,中国是一个发展中国家。,The girl,singing for us,is ten years old.,给我们唱歌的女孩十岁了。,作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是,分词词组,则放在被修饰的名词之后，如被修饰的名词是,something,anything,everything,nothing,等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面,。,The working people have played a great role.,工人起主要作用。,There is nothing interesting.,没什么有趣的事。,分词和动名词都可以作,定语,，判断是分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断，有,主谓关系,的是分词，否则判断为动名词。,a,swimming,girl,游泳的女孩。（分词）,a swimming pool,游泳的池子（动名词）,分词作,状语,Being a student,he likes to help others.,作为学生，他喜欢帮助别人。,She is there,waiting for us,.,她在那儿等我们呢。,分词作,表语,The story is,interesting,.,故事有趣。,The glass is,broken,.,玻璃杯破了。,分词作,宾语补足语,可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有,see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get,等词。,I saw him,walking in the street,.,我看见他在街上走。,We found the boy,sleeping,.,我们发现小孩睡着了。,have,后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由,别人,做的。,I,have,my hair,cut,.,我理发了。（是别人给我理发）,She,has,her bike,repaired,.,她把自行车修理了。（别人修理的）,比较,:,I saw him walk in the street yesterday.,比较,:She has her son wash dishes after meals everyday,分词的被动形式,分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种,被动关系,。,The entertainment building,being built,will be completed next year.,正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。,英语中的分词分两种：现在分词（,the present participle,）和过去分词（,the past participle,）。虽然它们在句子中都可作名词修饰语、接系动词补足语、宾语补足语等，但是它们形式不同，而且语义也有差别。,现在分词表示动作是,主动,的和,正在进行,的（例,-,）；过去分词的动作是,被动,的和,完成,的（例,-,）：,The,boiling,water is hot.,A,sleeping,baby is good to look at.,She has a,smiling,face.,You can use the,boiled,water to make tea.,Where is my,lost,key?,A,broken,mirror cannot be repaired.,有时，由于两个动词“异词同义”，其分词也跟着不同，,如：,a.Have you seen the man,wearing a T-shirt,?,b.Who is the man,dressed in a blue shirt,?,a.His new book,consisting,of useful data has been,well received.,b.Do you like the book,made up of,untrue stories?,在语义上，现在分词和过去分词反映的心理状态不同。前者有“令人,”,的含义（见例）；过去分词则有“感到,”,的意思（见例）：,The soccer match last night was,exciting,.,The soccer fans were,delighted,.,（感到高兴）,其他例子有：,amazing:amazed;,satisfied:satisfying;,boring:bored;,pleased:pleasing;,surprising:surprised;,terrifying:terrified,试比较,11a,和,b,以及,12a,和,b:,11a.This is the most,confusing,system I have ever seen.,11b.The children will get,confused,if asked to learn too much at a time.,12a.David came with some,surprising,news.,12b.All were,surprised,at Sams sudden resignation.,在作宾语补足语时，如果宾语是有关分词,逻辑上的主语,，就用现在分词，如：,13.The teacher found a student,dozing off,.,14.Dont keep the visitor,waiting,.,在作宾语补足语时，如果宾语是有关分词,逻辑上的主语,，就用现在分词，如：,13.The teacher found a student,dozing off,.,14.Dont keep the visitor,waiting,.,如果宾语和有关分词有“,动词,+,宾语,”关系，那么这个分词就要是过去分词了，如：,15.Where did you get your book,printed,?,16.You should have your office,cleaned,.,在,13,里，正在打瞌睡的是宾语“,a student”;,在,14,里，宾语是“,the visitor”,。,15,里，“,printed”,的宾语是“,books”;16,里，“,cleaned”,的宾语是“,his office”,4.,分词短语相当于副词从句，但现在式表示的是主动的行动,过去式表示被动的行动，如：,17,Entering,the room,she found the wall newly,painted,.,18,Written,in a hurry,the article had some mistakes.,比较,:,There is a man,waiting,for you in the office.,There is a lot of homework,to do,.,