动名词与现在分词的区别

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,1,动名词,现在分词,2,动名词,doing,现在分词,doing,动名词与现在分词的区别,动名词与现在分词的判断：动名词与动词现在分词不同处在于：,在句子中充当的成分不同,。也就是说，当看到一个动词的,-ing,形式时，要通过分析这个词在句子中充当的成分后再判断它是动名词还是现在分词。,3,动名词和现在分词各充当的成分,动名词,：,顾名思义，保留动词的意思，但是词性已经变为,名词,。,在句子中充当,：,主语，宾语，表语，定语,现在分词：,倾向于形容词词性。也仅是保留动词意思，但不再是动词,在句子中充当,：,表语，定语，宾补，状语,4,请判断以下句中,doing,是什么词,It is no use,saying so.,I am interested in,reading books.,I cant help,laughing.,My job is,teaching.,Hearing,this sad news,he couldnt help,crying.,I heard him,singing,in the room.,5,动名词作主语，,一般都可以使用形式主语,it,，,而将动名词放在句尾：,常见固定用法有：,Its no use doing,做,没有好处,/,用处,Its no good doing,做某事无益,/,无用,Its no harm doing,做,并无害处,Its a waste of time doing,例如：,Its no use going there today;he wont be at home.,Its a waste of time arguing about it.,Its no good waiting here.Lets walk home.,6,Writing the book,has taken up all his spare time.,做主语的是动作。,Seeing,is believing.,动名词与动词不定式做主语的区别在于：,to do,这个形式常表“将要”，表”目的“。,doing,这个形式常表,”,事实,”,-What makes him so sad?,-_ the watch.,A.To lose B.Lost C.Losing D.Lose,7,-Why do you come here?,-_.,A.to see you,B.seeing you,C.see you,D.I want to see you,8,3,doing,在句子中充当宾语，往往跟在某些固定动词后。也就是我们常说的某些固定动词后面再接动词，必须接动词的,-ing,形式。,如：,Hearing the words,she couldnt help,thinking,of her past bitterness.,(cant help,这个动词，后面接宾语，如果宾语表达的是动作，是个动词，那就要把动词变为名词性，即,doing,。此处,doing,为动名词。,),We all avoided,mentioning,that matter.,同理,能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类：,一类是后面只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：,avoid,consider,dislike,enjoy,escape,finish,give up,cant help,imagine,keep(on),dont mind,practise,put off,stop,go on,resist,suggest,等，如：,Mary is considering,changing,her job.,I enjoy,working,with you.,Would you mind,ringing,me up tomorrow?,9,在,need,want,deserve,等后，可用动名词的主动式表示被动含义，或用不定式的被动式，意义上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍，（这时主语一般是物），如：,The door needs oiling/to be oiled.,有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别：,I forgot to close the door before I left the room.,I forgot having closed the door.,He tried to write better.(,尽量努力地写),He tried writing with a brush.(,用毛笔试着写),I couldnt help finishing it.(,不能不结束某事),I couldnt help to finish it.(,不能帮助结束某事),They left off fishing.(,停止钓鱼),They left off to fish.(,离开某处出发去钓鱼),They stopped talking.,停止讲话,They stopped to talk.,停止在做的事，而去讲话,I regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle.(,对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉),I regret not taking your advice.(,后悔),10,以下动词既可接不定式做宾语，又可接动名词做宾语，注意意思上的区别：,remember forget regret like stop mean,prefer hate continue,remember to do sth,记得去做某事,remember doing sth,记得做过某事,forget to do sth,忘记去做某事,forget doing sth,忘记做过,/,做了而又忘了,regret to do sth,很遗憾要去做 某事,I regret,to tell you a bad news,我很遗憾要告诉你一个,regret doing sth,后悔做了,I regret,having said that.,mean to do,打算想做某事,.mean doing,意味着,11,Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.,A.ride,ride B.riding ride,C.ride,to ride D.to ride,riding,prefer sth to sth,prefer doing sth to doing sth,prefer to do sth rather than do sth,12,keep doing sth,一直做某事,keep on/up doing sth,坚持做某事,consider doing,考虑做某事,consider to be,认为,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,13,Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.,A.to invent B.invented,C.to have invented,D.having invented,The task is considered _(finish).,14,I am sorry,I am too busy.I cant help _ the door of your office.,A.to sweep B.sweeping,C.swept D.to be swept,When I saw her,I couldnt help _.,to laugh B.laughing C.being laughed,D.to be laughed,15,Something is wrong with his legs,so he cant stand _ the book on the shelf.,A.to reach B.reaching,C.reached D.reaches,Something is wrong with his legs,and he cant stand _ from it.,suffering B.suffer,suffered D.suffers,I have heard that the sports meeting will be put off _(hold)till next Friday.,16,动名词（短语）还常常跟在短语动词之后，作介词的宾语。,就是我们常说的：介词后面遇到动词，要把动词变为,-ing,形式,常见的有：,insist on/persist in/think of/dream of/object to/hear of/prevent from/keep from,阻止，抑制,/stop from/feel like/be engaged in,忙于,/look forward to/depend on/thank for/excuse for/devote to/set about,开始做某事,/spend in/get(be)used to /be fond of/be afraid of/be tired of/succeed in/be interested in/be proud of/burst out/give up,等，如：,People,object,to,smoking.,Prevent,sb.,from,doingsth.,阻止,某人做某事,prevent,from,being seen or discovered.,Stop,your dog,from,snapping at me.,别让你的狗咬我。,Excuse me,for being late,.,Why do you persist,in thinking that way/doing so,?,He insisted,on seeing us home,.,They all objected,to putting the meeting off,.,Are you interested,in going to the show,?,Im thinking,of going to town this afternoon,.,I dont feel,like eating anything,.,She is afraid,of falling behind the others,.,He finally got tired,of doing office work,.,Burst,out,laughing.,突然大笑起来；,17,动名词作表语,与,现在分词作表语,的区别：,动名词作表语时,相当于,名词,，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。,现在分词作表语时,相当于,形容词,，说明主语的特征、性质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用,very,quite,等副词来修饰，如：,My job is looking after the children.,Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.,The situation is encouraging.,This cake is very inviting.,The volleyball match we watched was very exciting.,18,6,动名词还可以作定语，,如：,singing competition swimming pool,dining car opening speech,drinking cup living room