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*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Basics of Qualitative Research Design,Berg Ch.2,Leedy and Ormrod Ch.3-5,Three General Approaches to Research,APPROACH POSITIVISM CRITICALINTERPRETIVE,USUAL TYPE,experiment,historical-field research,OF RESEARCH,survey,comparative interviews,cont.anal.,PERSPECTIVE,technocratic transcendent transcendent,TYPE OF LOGIC,reconstructed logic-in-practice logic-in-practice,PATH,linear non-linear non-linear/cyclical /cyclical,Qualitative methodology,Data in words rather than numbers,Non-positivistic orientation,Includes:,Field research and ethnography,Observation,case studies,Qualitative interviewing,Action research,Historical comparative analysis,Characteristics of Qualitative Research,Context is critical,In depth,detailed,Researcher immerses self in data(non-objective),Researcher integrity,Bias recognized,Use of grounded theory,Can detect process and sequence,Data are interpreted rather than analyzed,Copyright Allyn&Bacon 2021,The Deductive(Quantitative)Process,Ideas and theory come before empirical research,Ideas lead to refutation through research,The Inductive(Qualitative)Process,Research leads to theory development,Research initiates,reformulates,deflects and clarifies theory,Ideas and Theory,What is Theory?,“a statement of relationships between concepts,“a roadmap for organizing ideas and knowledge about the social world,Theory Parts,Concepts,Concept clusters,Classification concepts(ideal types),Assumptions,Typology or Taxonomy,Relationships,The Measurement Process,Quantitative=deductive,Qualitative=inductive,Both involve conceptualization and operationalization,Concepts,Copyright Allyn&Bacon 2021,Symbolic elements,Foundation of communication and thought,Two distinct parts,Symbolic elements(word,symbol,term),Definitional element,Operationalization of a,C,oncept,Copyright Allyn&Bacon 2021,Conceptualize,Providing a working definition of a concept,Use theory and research,Operationalize,providing the criteria for measuring a concept,What,specifically,will you be observing?,Often continues throughout the research process,Process of Qualitative Operationalization:,Empirical Observations,Working Ideas,Concepts,Generalizations/Theories,Bergs,Blended Model,Copyright Allyn&Bacon 2021,The Spiraling Research Approach,Begin with a rough idea,Gather theoretical information,Reconsider and redefine,Process:Ide,a,-Lit.Review(involves,Theory),-,Design,-,Data Collection,/Organization,-Analysis/Findings,-,Dissemination,Choosing a Research Problem,Where do problems come from?,Practical problems in the field,The literature in the field,Personal interest,Examples of Problems:,The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of body image and PPF(perceived physical fitness)for different exercise settings,The purpose of this study is to examine the type of talk during a writing activity to determine if there is a difference between off topic and on topic talk on the quality of students writing samples,Reviewing the Literature,Recommended Sources:,Journal articles,Books,Conference proceedings,Government/corporate reports,Library Databases,Other Sources(not recommended),Newspapers and Magazines,Internet esp.sites like Wikipedia,The Annotated Bibliography,A very useful first step,Consists of a bibliographic citation and a descriptive and evaluative annotation of a selection of your most useful sources,Reviewing the Literature,Copyright Allyn&Bacon 2021,Formulate a rough question,Visit the Library,Conduct both online and in-print searches,Make a list of search terms,Evaluate the results,Evaluating Web Sites,Copyright Allyn&Bacon 2021,Information to check on every website,URL,Domain,Date of last update,Corroborating information,Writing The Literature Review,Concentrates on the scientific research,Provides the context for your research,Justifies the proposed study,Summarizes and evaluates the literature in the field,Questions to be answered in a literature review:,1.What do we already know in the immediate area concerned?,2.What are the characteristics of the key concepts(or the main factors or variables)?,3.What are the relationships between these key concepts,factors or variables?,4.What are the existing generalizations or theories?,5.Where are the inconsistencies/shortcomings in our knowledge and understanding?,6.What views need to be(further)explored?,7.What information or evidence is lacking,inconclusive,contradictory or too limited?,8.Why study(further)the research problem?,9.What contribution can the present study be expected to make?,10.What research designs or methods seem unsatisfactory?,Tips:,Remember the purpose,Read with a purpose,Write with a purpose,Always put citations into your writing immediately,Keep a bibliographic file,Copyright Allyn&Bacon 2021,A,uthor Card,Full citation,Library call number,Topic Card,Authors name,Date of publication,Brief topical label,Verbatim excerpt,Bergs,Two-Card Method,Janesi
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