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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Cartilage and Bone,1.,Cartilage:,organ=Cartilage tissue+,perichondrium,1),structure of cartilage tissue,-cell:,chondrocyte,-cartilage matrix,chondrocyte,:,-Structure:LM,embedded in cartilage,lacuna,peripheral cells:,-small and immature,-single and flattened,central cell:,-large and mature,-round and in group of 2-8 cells,-small and round nucleus,-basophilic cytoplasm,-EM:rich in RER and,Golgi,complex,*,isogenous,group,:several cells locates in one lacuna,which are derived from a single(same)parent cell,Cartilage matrix,-ground substance:,proteoglycan,:,-same to loose CT,-there are more,chondroitin,sulfate distributed at the periphery of cartilage lacuna-called as cartilage capsule(basophilic),water,-fiber:type and number of fiber depends on the type of cartilage,2),Classification:according to the fiber,Hyaline cartilage:,less,collagenous,fibril,articular,surface,rib cartilage,trachea and bronchi,Fibrous cartilage:,large amount of,collagenous,fiber bundles,cells are small and less,intervertebral,disc,symphysis,pubis,Elastic cartilage:,large amount of elastic fiber,external ear,epiglottis,3),perichondrium,two layers:,-out layer:contain more fiber-protection,-inner layer:more cells-,osteoprogenitor,cell(,fusiform,in shape),4),growth of cartilage,-interstitial growth:,inner,chondrocyte,proliferation produce fiber and matrix.,immature cartilage,-appositional growth:,osteoprogenitor,cell,chondroblast,chondrocyte,produce fiber and matrix.,growing and mature cartilage,2.,Bone,-consists of bone tissue,periosteum,and,endosteum,bone marrow,1),Bone tissue,Cells:,a.,osteoprogenitor,cell,:stem cell,-structure:,fusiform,small,ovoid nucleus,slight basophilic cytoplasm,exist in,periosteum,and,endosteum,-function:differentiated into,osteoblast,and,chondrocyte,b.,osteoblast,:,-structure:,LM:,single layer of,cuboidal,or low columnar cell,round nucleus,basophilic cytoplasm,located on the surface of bone tissue,EM:,fine processes,rich in RER,Golgi,complex,-,function:,.synthesize bone collagen fiber and ground,substance-,osteoid,.release matrix vesicle:,0.1um in diameter,membrane-coated,function:promote calcification,c.,osteocyte,-structure:,flattened cell with multiple,long thin processes,located in bone lacuna,and bone,canaliculus,basophilic cytoplasm,adjacent cells connect in bone,canaliculus,by gap junctions,-function:,Maintain bone matrix,d.,osteoclast,-structure:LM:,multinuclear large cell,30-100um,6-50 nuclei,acidophilic cytoplasm,located at peripheral part of bone,EM:,ruffled border-processes,light zone:-under the ruffled border,-microfilament,primary,lysosome,pinosome,and secondary,lysosome,RER,mito,.and,Golgi,-function:dissolve and absorb bone matrix,Bone matrix,-organic matter:,bone collagen fiber-,collagenous,fiber(type I collagen),ground substance:,glycosaminoglycan,-,inorganic matter:bone salts,Hydroxyapatite,crystal:,Ca,10,(PO,4,),6,(OH),2,pin-shaped,longitudinal arranged,*bone lamella:bone matrix arranged in layers at different direction,2),Architacture,of long bone,Long bone is an organ,made up of bone tissue(shaft and epiphyses),periosteum,and,endosteum,bone marrow,shaft:,consists of compact bone,a.,circumferential lamella:,/outer concentrically-arranged,/inner around inner surface of bone,b.,Haversian,system(,osteon,):,/,cylindric,structure,3-5mm,/central canal:N,BV,CT,/,Haversian,lamella:4-20 layers,c.,i,nterstitial lamella:,/irregular lamella,/remnant of,Haversian,or circumferential lamella,*perforating canal:,/transverse canal,/connect with,Haversian,canal,epiphyses,:composed of spongy bone,-,trabeculae,:,formed by,parallelly,-arranged lamella,form a spongy-liked network,-Bone marrow:,hemopoietic,tissue,periosteum,and,endosteum,:CT membrane,-,periosteum,:DCT,outer layer:more fiber bundles,form perforating fiber,inner layer:,rich in BV,N and,osteoprogenitor,cells,-,endosteum,:thin,a layer of,osteoprogenitor,cell and CT,-function:provide nutrition and,osteoblast,for bone growth and repairing,3),osteogenesis,Self study!,
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