现在分词与过去分词用法之异同

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高三英语总复习语法专项训练,现在分词和过去分词,用法之异同,1,现在分词和过去分词的用法异同历来是学习中的难点和高考测试的重点。众所周知，两种分词的区别很多，但它们之间的根本区别是：,过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成，在语态上侧重于被动；,而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态上侧重于主动。,这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分别充当的各种句子成份中。细述如下：,2,一、分词作定语,共同点：,分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词就位于其所修饰的名词之前；如果是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。,不同点：,分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。,3,1.,There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.,A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed,简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，句子后半部分是一个作定语、修饰,noise,的分词短语；再根据句意“一阵闪电之后，接着就是一声巨响。”可知，巨响应是主动，紧接在闪电之后的。因此，该题应,选,B,。,2.,The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.,didnt include women until 1912.,A.first playing B.to be first played,C.first played D.to be playing,简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰,The Olympic Games,的后置分词短语；再根据,The Olympic Games,对于动词,play,来说只能是被动承受，且已完成(,in 776 B.C.)。,因此，该题应,选,C,。,3.,Whats the language _ in Germany?,A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak,简析：该题应,选,B,。,测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句,which is spoken,4,4.,Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.,A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting,简析：该题应,选,A,。,测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句,who were invited,5.,Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.,A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited,简析：该题应,选,A,。,测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句,who were invited,6.,The computer centre,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.,A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened,简析：该题应,选,D,。,测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后，可以用非限制性定语从句“,which was opened last year”,代替,7.,The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.,A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written,简析：该题应,选,D,。,测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句,which were written,5,二、分词作表语,共同点：,分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。,不同点：,分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。,6,1.,This news sounds _.,A.encouraging B.encouraged C.encourage D.to encourage,简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在句中应作表语，因为,sounds,在此句中用作连系动词；再根据,The news,对于动词,encourage,来说应是主动关系，即这个消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此，该题应,选,A,。,2.-,How did Bob do in the exams this time?,-Well,his father seems _ with his results.,A.pleasing B.please C.pleased D.to please,简析：首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作表语。因为,seems,在此句中用作连系动词;再根据,his father,对于动词,please,来说应是被动关系,即这个结果使他的父亲高兴;换言之,他的父亲因为受到这个结果的刺激而感到高兴。因此,该题应,选,C,。,3.-,How did the audience receive the new play?,-They got very _.,A.excite B.excited C.excitedly D.exciting,简析：该题应,选,B,。,测试他们被那出新戏所打动。,7,三、分词作宾语补足语,共同点：,分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。,不同点：,分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。,8,1.,The next morning she found the man _ in bed,dead.,A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying,简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作宾补,补充说明宾语,the man;,再根据宾语,the man,对于动词,lie,来说应是主动关系,而且,lie,这个动作与谓语动词,found,同时进行。因此,该题应,选,A,。,2.-,Good morning.Can I help you?,-Id like to have the package _,madam.,A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.to weigh D.weighed,简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作宾补,补充说明宾语,the package;,再根据,the package,对于动词,weigh,来说,只能是被动关系。因此，该题应,选,D,。,9,3.,I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.,A.sail B.sailing C.to sail D.to have sailed,简析:该题应,选,B,。,测试动词,imagine,后要求跟动名词,Peter,是动名词的逻辑主语。,4.,If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air _ against your face.,A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move,简析:该题应,选,B,。,测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正发出的动作。,10,四、分词作状语,共同点：,分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。,不同点：,分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生谓语动词之前或同时发生。,11,1.,European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.,A.making B.makes C.made D.to make,简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在整个句中应作状语；再根据,European football,对于,make,来说应是主动关系，即欧洲足球使之本身成为一项最受世人欢迎的运动。因此，该题应,选,A,。,2._,a reply,he decided to write again.,A.Not receiving B.Receiving not,C.Not having received D.Having not received,简析：该题应,选,C,。,测试非谓语动词的否定式是在其前直接加,not。,若动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式。,3.,The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,_ that he had enjoyed his stay here.,A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added,简析：该题应,选,C,。,测试现在分词可以作补充说明的状语。,12,4.“,Cant you read?”Mary said _ to the notice.,A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily,C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing,简析：该题应,选,A,。,测试现在分词作伴随状语，通过副词,angrily,进行干扰。若,B,答案为,and pointed angrily,时也对。,另外，分词作状语时，如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时，需要独立主格结构或,with,复合结构来替代。(此时，也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。),例:,The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.,A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied,简析：很显然，待选部分的逻辑主语是,his hands，,而不是句子的主语,The murderer,而,his hands,对于动词,tie,来说，只能是被动承受。因此，该题应,选,D,。,13,经典回放,领略高考神韵,1.,A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen_(2003,全国）,A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked,2._time,hell make a first class tennis player（2003,北京）,A.Having given B.To give C.Given D.Giving,3.It is believed that if a book is _ it will surely _ the reader（2003,上海）,A.interested;interest B.in