资源描述
单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,-,*,The Past Particple,-,The Past Particple-,1,一、形 式,主动形式,被动形式,一般式,完成式,过去分词只有一种形式。,现在分词：,being done,having done,doing,having been done,-,一、形 式主动形式被动形式一般式完成式 过,2,二、功 能,1作表语,2作定语,3作状语,4作宾语补足语,-,二、功 能1作表语-,3,I.Past participle used as attributes,（定语）,1.位置,:,单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后,被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑,主语,。,The stolen car,was found by the police last week.,The speaker answered all the questions,raised by the audience,.,-,I.Past participle used as att,4,2.作用,-,相当于一个定语从句,（,2,）,The book,written in1957,tells the struggle of the miners.,=Is there anything,that has been planned for tonight,?,（,1,）,Is there anything,planned for tonight,？,=The book,which was written in 1957,tells the struggle of the miners.,注：,The problem,（,discussed yesterday,）,has something to do with daily life.,The problem,（,being discussed now,）,has nothing to do with daily life.,（表示完成）,（表示正在进行）,-,2.作用-相当于一个定语从句（2）The book,w,5,II.Past participles used as predictive,（,表语）,1.,过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态，,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,。,The window is,broken,.,The inner gate was,locked,.,She was greatly,excited,.,2.,与现在分词作表语的区别。,现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人,”,，有主动意思。,e.g.How,disappointing,the election is!,过去分词：主语的感受，“感到,”,，有被动意思。,e.g.They feel,disappointed,at the election.,-,II.Past participles used,6,常见的这类此有：,interest,ing,interest,ed,encourag,ing,encourag,ed,delight,ing,delight,ed,disappoint,ing,disappoint,ed,pleas,ing,pleas,ed,puzzl,ing,puzzl,ed,satisfy,ing,satisfi,ed,surpris,ing,surpris,ed,worry,ing,-worri,ed,-,常见的这类此有：-,7,This river,is polluted,.,译：这条河被污染了,This river was,polluted,by the chemical plant,.,译：这条河是被那家化工厂给污染的。,过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别：,The windows are closed,.,译：窗户是关着的。,The windows were closed by Jack.,译：窗户是被杰克关起来的,过去分词作表语，表状态，相当于一个形容词；在被动语态中，过去分词表动作，常由,by,引出动作的发出者。,（过去分词作表语，表状态）,（过去分词构成被动语态，表动作）,-,This river is polluted.过去分词作表,8,III.Past participle used as the Object Complement (,宾语补足语,),1.,表“希望，要求”的动词：,want,wish,expect,wish,like,order,+(to be)done,表示“希望,/,要求某人或某事被,”,e.g.I want the work,(to be)finished,by Sunday.,Jim ordered the room,(to be)cleaned,.,-,III.Past participle used as t,9,2.,表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：,see,hear,find,feel,think,watch,notice,+object(,宾语,)+p.p.,e.g.We saw the thief,caught by the police,.,People found the water,polluted,.,Have you heard a pop song,sung in Japanese,?,-,2.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：see,hear,f,10,过去分词,不定式,现在分词作宾补的,区别,:,三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，,但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，,不带,to,的不定式强调动作发生的全过程，,doing,强调他们之间的主动关系，正在,进行。,I saw her,come,into the classroom.,I saw her,coming,into the classroom.,I saw her,taken out of,the classroom.,-,过去分词,不定式,现在分词作宾补的I saw her c,11,3.,使役动词,:,make,get,have,keep,leave,etc.,e.g.We must,get,the table cloth,washed,.,=We must ask somebody to wash the table cloth.,He,had,his watch,repaired,.,4.,在“,with/without,宾语宾补,(,过去分词,)”,这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。,e.g.Do you know the man with his hair,tied,back?,-,3.使役动词:make,get,have,keep,12,IV.Past participle used as the Adverbial(,状语,),过去分词作状语相当于状语从句。,e.g.1.Asked why he didnt do it,he began to cry.,过去分词作,时间状语,相当于时间状语从句,(When he was)asked why he didnt do it,he began to cry.,-,IV.Past participle used as th,13,e.g.2.Given more time,Ill catch up with you.,过去分词作,条件状语,相当于条件状语从句,(If I am)given more time,Ill catch up with you.,e.g.3.Born and brought up in the village,he knows a lot of people there.,过去分词作,原因状语,相当于原因状语从句,(Because he was)born and brought up in the village,he knows a lot of people there.,-,e.g.2.Given more time,Ill,14,e.g.4.Defeated many times,they continue to fight.,过去分词作,让步状语,相当于让步状语从句,(Although they had been)defeated many times,they continued to fight.,e.g.5.The teacher entered the classroom,followed by a group of students.,表示方式和伴随情况,时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。,The teacher entered the classroom,(,and he was followed)by a group of student.,-,e.g.4.Defeated many times,t,15,过去分词作状语时,为了使意义更加明确,也可以在,pp.,前加上对应的连词,when,as,if,等等,.,4.,Although defeated,many times,they continue to fight.,3.,As/Because born and brought up,in the village,he knows a lot of people there.,2.,If given,more time,Ill catch up with you.,1.,When asked,why he didnt do it,he began to cry.,注意：带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语,+be,的相应变化形式,.,-,过去分词作状语时,为了使意义更加明确,也可以在pp.前加上,16,注意：,1,）现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别,_London(,夜里参观伦敦,),at night,you are a bit like in a dream.,_(,当有人夜里来访,)at night,you must make sure the visitor really your friend.,When visiting,When visited,选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词和主句的主语是主动关系，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。,-,注意：_London(夜里参观,17,_(,写完了所有,的信之后,),，,I had a drink and went out.,Having finished all my letters,_(,信写完之后,),，,the letter should,be read to the one who asks you to write it.,Finished,从山顶看，我们能看到一个美丽的公园。,从山顶看，公园很美丽。,Seeing from,the top of the hill,we can see a,beautiful park.,Seen from,the top of the hill,the park is beautiful.,-,_,18,_ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.(lose),_ in white,she looks more beautiful.(dress),be lost in,；,be dressed in,；,be interested in,；,be devoted to,；,be supposed to,；,be caught in the rain,；,be seated in,；,be prepared for,；,be determined to,Lost,2.,系表结构表示主语所处的状态,Dressed,类似的还有：,-,_ in thought,h
展开阅读全文