外贸实务Chapter5

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chapter 5,Packing of,Commodity,1.Significance of Packing,2.Types of Packing,3.Marking of Export Consignments,4.Packing Clauses in Contract,Introduction,Packing,in business practice,is one of the most important issues that confront the merchants engaged in international trade.It needs more care in export trade than domestic trade.,The real art of packing is to get the contents into nice,compact shape that will stay in perfect condition with nothing missing during the roughest journey.,This chapter will discuss why and how to pack the commodity in international trade.,1.Significance of Packing,Definition,:,Packaging is the science,art,and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution,storage,sale,and use.,包装条件是国际货物买卖合同中的重要交易条件。按照一些国家的法律解释，如果一方违反了所约定的包装条件，另一方有权提出索赔，甚至可以拒收货物。,我国合同法第156条规定：“出卖人应当按照约定的包装方式交付标的物。对包装方式没有约定或者约定不明确的，-应当按照通用的方式包装，没有通用方式的，应当采取足以保护标的物的包装方式。”,In international trade,most goods were packing goods except cargo in bulk,(散装货),and nude cargo,(裸装货),.,Generally speaking,cargo packaging is needed for four main reasons:,(c.f.The functions of packing on p.82),Main Functions of Packaging,1)Protective function,The inward protective function is intended ensure full retention of the utility value of the packaged goods.The outward protection must prevent any environmental degradation by the goods.,2)Loading and transport function,Packaging should be designed to be easily handled and to permit space-saving storage and stowage.,3)Stowage function,The Packaging materials and packaging containers required for producing packages must be stored in many different locations both before packaging of the goods and after the package contents have been used.,4)Promotion function,Cargo packaging may also promote sales if promotion material placed on the packaging is intended to attract the potential purchasers attention and to have a positive impact upon the purchasing decision.,2.Types of Packing,The kinds of cargoes are various in international trade,from the view point of whether they need packing,they fall into four kinds:,2.1 Nude Cargo,Bulk Cargo/Cargo in Bulk and Packed Cargo,2.2.Transport Packing,2.3 Sales Packing,2.4 Neutral Packing,2.5 Factors Influencing Choice of Packing,2.1 Nude Cargo,Bulk Cargo/Cargo in Bulk and Packed Cargo,1)Nude Cargo,(裸装货),Nude cargoes or nude packed commodities refer to those kinds of cargoes whose qualities are more stable and to be shipped without any packages or in simple bundles.They are not easy to be influenced by outside circumstances and they become single pieces of their own.,They are difficult to be packed or do not need any packing,such as steel products,lead ingot,timber,rubber,automobile,etc.,2)Cargo in Bulk/Bulk Cargo,Cargo in bulk refer to those goods which are shipped,or even sold without packages on the conveyance in bulk,such as oil,ore,grain,coal,etc.,Bulk shipment is usually applicable for large quantity of commodities that are to be shipped by means of transport with special purposed shipping equipment.,Bulk shipment has the advantages of space saving,quick handling and lower freight.,3)Packed Cargo,Most of commodities in international trade need certain degree of packing during the shipping,storing and sales process.,Packed cargoes refer to those which need shipping packing,marketing packing or both.,2.2.Transport Packing,Transport packing is also called big packing,shipping packing or outer/outside packing.,It should satisfy the following requirements:,1)solid and durable,adaptable to the changing climates at the loading and unloading ports and transit areas.,2)uniform so as to facilitate storage,stowing,trimming,calculation,cargo inspection and identification.,3)generating the least weight,volume and cost increase.,2.2.1 Types of Transport Packing,Transport packing commonly utilizes the following types of packing container:,1)Bags:,May be made of strong paper,linen,亚麻,canvas,帆布,rubber,etc.,2),Sack:,Large bag usually made of jute,(黄麻).,3)Carton:,Made of light but strong cardboard,or fiberboard with double lids and bottoms,fixed by glue,adhesive tapes,胶带,metal bands or wire staples,骑马钉,.,4)Case:,Strong container made of wood.For extra strength it may have“battens”,板条,.,5)Box:,Small case made of wood,cardboard or metal,and may have a folding lid.,6)Crate/Skeleton case,:Case,but not fully enclosed.,7)Drum:,Cylinder-shaped container for carrying liquids,chemicals,paint,etc.,8)Bale:,Package of soft goods(e.g.cotton,wool)tightly pressed together and wrapped in a protective material.,9)Can/Tin,:Small metal container for small quantities of paint,oil or certain foodstuffs.,10)Carboy:,Large glass container protected in a metal or wicker cage with soft packing between glass and cage,usu.For chemicals.,11)Bundle,:It refers to miscellaneous goods packed without a container.,12)Container:,Very large metal box for transport of goods by road,rail,sea,or air.,13)Pallet:,Large tray or platform for moving loads(by