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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Digestive System,消化系统,Composition,消化系统组成,Digestive tract,消化管,Mouth,口腔,Pharynx,咽,Esophagus,食管,Stomach,胃,Small intestine,小肠,Large intestine,大肠,Duodenum,十二指肠,Jejunum,空肠,Ileum,回肠,Digestive gland,消化腺：大消化腺，小消化腺,Superior digestive tube,上消化道,Inferior digestive tube,下消化道,Major salivary glands,大唾液腺,Liver,肝,Pancreas,胰,Function,:ingestion,digestion,absorption,egesting,Mouth,Pharynx,Esophagus,Stomach,Duodenum,Jejunum,Ileum,Large intestine,Liver,Pancreas,Major salivary glands,The Esophagus,食管,General features 位置及形态,a muscular tuber about,25cm,long,connecting the pharynx at level of,C6,vertebra,at level of,T11,vertebra enters the stomach.,Division,:,Cervical part 颈部,Thoracic part胸部,Abdominal part腹部,Three constrictions食管3个狭窄,第一狭窄,：,起始部,At its beginning,15cm from incisors,lies at level of C6,is the narrowest part of the esophagus,第二狭窄：,与左主支气管交叉处,Where it is crossed by left main bronchus,25cm from incisors,lies at level of intervertebral disc between T4 and T5.,第三狭窄：,穿膈处,Where it passes through the esophageal hiatus of diaphragm,40cm from incisors,at level of T10,The Stomach,胃,Shape形态、分部,Two surface,两壁,:,anterior前壁 and posterior后壁.,Two curvatures,两缘,Lesser curvature,胃小弯,:short,concave and directed to the right and upward,Greater curvature,胃大弯,:long,convex and directed to the left and downward.,Two openings,两口,Cardia,贲门,Pylorus,幽门,Cardiac par,t,贲门部,Fundus of stomach,胃底,Body of stomach,胃体,Pyloric antrum,幽门窦,Pyloric canal,幽门管,Pyloric part,幽门部,Position 胃的位置,Mainly parts is situated in the left hypochondriac region,左季肋区,small in the epigastric region,腹上区,;,The Small Intestine,小肠,About,5-7m,long,Divided into,Duodenum,十二指肠,Jejunum,空肠,Ileum,回肠,Duodenum,Jejunum,Ileum,Duodenum十二指肠,Four parts,Superior part,上部,Duodenal cap,十二指肠球,Superior duodednal flexure,十二指肠上曲,Descending part,降部,Major duodenal papilla,十二指肠大乳头,Minor duodenal papilla,十二指肠小乳头,Inferior duodenal flexure,十二指肠下曲,Horizontal part,水平部,Ascending part,升部,duodenojejunal flexure,十二指肠空肠曲,Jejunum,空肠,and,ileum,回肠,Large Intestine 大 肠,Approximately,1.5m,long,Five parts:,Cecum,盲肠,Vermiform appendix,阑尾,Colon,结肠,Rectum,直肠,Canal,肛管,Cecum,盲肠,Blind sac,first part of large intestine,with largest diameter and thinnest wall,Lies in right iliac fossa,The ilium enters the cecum obliquely,and partially invaginates into it,forming the,ileocecal valve,consists of two folds,probably delays flow of ileal contents into large intestine,Vermiform appendix,阑尾,位于右髂窝，长约6-8cm。,阑尾根部体表投影 Mac Burney麦氏点),右髂前上棘与脐连线的中、外1/3交点处。,Surface marking of the base is at the so-called McBurneys point which is at junction of lateral and middle thirds of line joining right anterior superior iliac spine and umbilicus,Colon,结肠,Ascending colon,升结肠,right colic flexure,结肠右曲,Transverse colon 横结肠,left colic flexure,Descending colon 降结肠,descends almost vertically from left colic flexure to sigmoid colon at left iliac crest.,Sigmoid colon乙状结肠,extends from descending colon to rectum at level of S3.,Rectum,直肠,Position,:within pelvic cavity,extends from S3 to pelvic diaphragm.,Curves两个弯曲：,Sagittal plane,Sacral flexure,直肠骶曲,convex backward,Perineal flexure,直肠会阴曲,convex forward.,肝 Liver,概述 Introduction,肝的功能:,合成分泌胆汁；,参与物质代谢,蛋白质、脂肪和糖；,代谢解毒，药物、激素转化分解；,吞噬及免疫防御；,一、肝的形态,肝呈不规那么的楔形，分膈面、脏面和上下缘。,一膈面 Diaphragmatic Surface,Right Lobe of Liver,肝右叶,Left Lobe of Liver,肝左叶,镰状韧带,肝圆韧带,右叶,肝门,肝固有动脉,肝左、右管,肝门静脉,肝圆韧带裂,静脉韧带,胆囊,下腔静脉,左叶,方叶,尾状叶,下缘,三、肝的体表投影,肝的上界,与膈的穹窿一致，肝最高点。,在右侧,相当于右锁骨中线与第五肋的交点处。,在左侧,相当于左锁骨中线与第五肋间隙的交点处，,肝的下界,，,右侧,大致与右肋弓一致，在,腹上区,可达剑突下。,胆囊,gallbladder,形态,位置,分部,底、体,、,颈,、,管,胆囊底体表投影,胆囊三角(Calot三角),输胆管道,Bile Duct,包括肝左管、肝右管、肝总管、,胆囊,Gallbladder,与胆总管。,肝左管,肝右管,Common Hepatic Duct,肝总管,Gallbladder,胆囊,Cystic duct,胆囊管,Common Bile Duct,胆总管,Fundus of Gallbladder,胆囊底,Body of Gallbladder,胆囊体,Neck of Gallbladder,胆囊颈,Hepatopancreatic Ampulla,肝胰壶腹,胆汁排泄途径,平时,肝 肝左管、肝右管 肝总管 胆囊管 胆囊,进食,胆囊 胆囊管,胆总管 肝胰壶腹,肝 肝左管、肝右管肝总管,十二指肠大乳头,十二指肠,小结,肝的形态,肝的位置,肝的体表投影,肝外管道,Pouches陷凹,In male,rectovesical pouch,直肠膀胱陷窝,In female,Rectouterine pouch,直肠子宫陷窝,between rectum and uterus,Vesicouterine pouch,膀胱子宫陷窝,between bladder and uterus,
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