英语的词性和句子成分课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,词性与句子成分,词性与句子成分,一、词性的分类,一、词性的分类,词性又叫词类（,part of speech,），英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分十个大类。,一、词性的分类 词性又叫词类（part of speec,十大词类,名词,-,表示人或事物的名称,形容词,-,表示人或事物的特征,副词,-,修饰动词、形容词、或其他副词,动词,-,表示动作或状态,代词,-,代替名词、数词,数词,-,表示数量或顺序,冠词,-,限制名词的意义,介词,-,表示名词、代词和其他词的关系,连词,-,连接词与词或句与句,十大词类,1,名词,noun,n.,2,代词,pronoun,pron.,3,形容词,adjective,adj.,4,副词,adverb,adv.,5,动词,verb,v.,6,数词,numeral,num.,7,冠词,article,art.,8,介词,preposition,prep.,9,连词,conjunction,conj.,10,感叹词,interjection,interj.,1 名词 noun n.,补充：其他词性缩写,c=,可数名词，,countable noun,的缩写,u=,不可数名词，,uncountable noun,的缩写,pl=,复数，,plural,的缩写,vi=,不及物动词，,intransitive verb,的缩写,vt=,及物动词，,transitive verb,的缩写,补充：其他词性缩写,you,happy,three,quickly,student,cut,a,at and,oh,哦,pron.,adj.,num.,adv.n.,v.,art.,prep.conj.,interj.(,感叹词,),Ex.Write down the part of speech of the following words:,Ex.Write down the part of s,二、英语句子成分,句子成分,:,八大金刚,主语,subject,谓语,predicate,宾语,object,宾补,complement,定语,attribute,状语,adverbial,（时间，地点，原因,）,同位语,appositive,表语,predicative,句子成分:八大金刚主语 subject,I,met,my best,friend,Tom,at the station yesterday,.,主语,谓,语,定语,宾,语,同位语,状,语,I met my best friend Tom at,（一）主语：,一个句子所叙述的主体，表示句子所说的是：“什么人”或“什么事物”,1.主语一般由什么充当？,（一）主语：一个句子所叙述的主体，表示句子所说的是：“什么人,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（动名词）,（从句）,1.,One-third,is produced,.,2.,Running,does good to the health.,3.,When we are going to have an English test,has not been decided.,4.During the 1990s,American,country music,has become more and more popular.,5.,To swim,in the river is a great pleasure.,6.,The rich,should help the poor.,7.,It,is necessary,to master a foreign language,.,8.,We,often speak English in class.,（不定式）,（名词化的形容词）,（,it,作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）,（名词）（代词）（数词）（动名词）（从句）1.One-th,1.,We,often speak English in class.,2.,Smoking,does harm to the health.,3.,The rich,should help the poor.,4.,It,is necessary to master a foreign language.,2.主语的位置？,1.,一般位于句首或谓语之前。,1.We often speak English in c,Is your father a lawyer or a doctor?,Has she got a big flat?,Shall we have a swim with your friends?,2.,疑问句中主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后,Sit down,please.,Come in,please.,3.,祈使句中主语常省略,Is your father a lawyer or a d,Gone,are the days when farmers live in the poor houses.,No sooner,had she given him a welcome,than,she went in to prepare him a meal.,Only,in this way can we solve the problem.,There is a clock on the wall.,Once there lived a king called Lear.,There goes the bell!,倒装句中主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后,There be,结构中主语在,be,动词之后,Gone are the days when fa,挑出句中的主语。,挑出句中的主语。,（二）谓语：,1,、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。,He,practices,running every morning.,She,takes good care of,her sick mother.,2,、复合谓语：,（,1,）情态动词、助动词,+,动词原形。,He,can speak,French very fluently.,She,doesn,t seem,to like dancing.,（,2,）系动词,+,表语。,The film,is interesting,.,He,looked a bit excited,.,（二）谓语：,挑出句中的谓语。,挑出句中的谓语。,（三）宾语：,宾语表示,动作的对象或承受者,，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。,1.They went to see,an exhibition,yesterday.,2.Please take,them,to the waiting room.,3.I have,three,.,4.They helped,the old,with their housework yesterday.,5.He pretended,not to see me,.,6.Mary enjoys,playing the piano,.,7.I think,（,that,）,he is fit for his office.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（名词化形容词）,（不定式短语）,（动名词短语）,（从句）,（三）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介,（,1,）,双宾语（间接宾语,+,直接宾语）,Lend,me,your dictionary,please.,（,2,）,复合宾语（宾语,+,宾补）,They elected,him,their monitor,.,We consider,the answer,wrong,.,英语的词性和句子成分课件,挑出下列句中的宾语,My brother hasnt done his homework.,People all over the world speak English.,How many new words did you learn last class?,Some of the students in the school want,to go swimming,how about you?,The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,挑出下列句中的宾语,（四）表语：,表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于,系动词,之后。,1.Yang Liwei is an astronaut.,2.Thats all I want to tell you.,3.Three times four is twelve.,4.The weather has turned warm.,5.The speech is exciting and the students are excited.,6.His hobby is playing football.,7.My job is to teach English.,8.Our teacher isnt in.He is out.,9.He is in good health.,10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.,（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系,系动词归纳,：,描述稳定状态：,be,描述变化或结果：,get,become,turn,grow,go,prove,fall,描述表象或感官效果：,look,appear,seem,smell,taste,sound,feel,描述持续状态,：,keep,stay,remain,系动词归纳：,挑出下列句中的表语,-The old man was feeling very tired.,-The leaves have turned yellow.,-Soon they all became interested in the subject.,挑出下列句中的表语,（五）定语：,在句中修饰名词的成分,1.He is a,clever,boy.,2.,Your,hair needs cutting.,3.Theres,only one,way to do it.,4.There is a,baby,girl.,5.We can not use,sleeping,pills at random.,6.The,retired,worker found life boring.,7.Thats the way,to do it,.,8.This is a map,of China,.,9.Can you help me to clean the room,above,.,10.The car,thats parked outside,is mine.,（五）定语：在句中修饰名词的成分,挑出下列句中的定语,1.What is your name?,2.I am afraid too many people forgot to sweep the floor.,3.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.,4.I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!,挑出下列句中的定语,状语,(,副词,),的位置：,1.She speaks French,fluently,.,2.I,usually,eat breakfast at home.,3.You neednt,always,help me.,4.He is,always,complaining.,5.The local people are,very,kind to the visitors.,6.The room is big,enough,to hold