初中英语动词1

,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,task1,动词,动词V.,考点1.动词的分类,实义动词,系动词（be,becom,look,seem,.）,及物动词vt.,不及物动词vi.,助动词(be,have,has,do,does.),情态动词(can,could,should,),一.实义动词,实义动词是能单独做谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词vt.和不及物动词vi.。,按其延续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动名词。,1.及物动词,及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。,动词+宾语,I like this book very much.,动词+宾语+宾补,I saw the children play in the park.,动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,Please pass me the salt.,常见的双宾语动词有：give,bring,buy,get,lend,make,offer,pass,see.等,2.不及物动词,不及物动词本身意思完整，无需接宾语。,Horses run fast.,They work in a factory.,有些动词即可做及物动词也可做不及物动词。,如：we study English.(及物),We study hard.（不及物）,Boys fly kites.（及物）,Birds can fly.（不及物）,二.系动词,(1)be.,(2)持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand.如：The door remained closed.门仍然关着.He stayed single.他仍然是单身.,(3)表像系动词：表示“看起来好像”,主要有seem,appear,look等.如：He looks tired.他看起来很累.He seems(to be)quite happy.他好像很快活.He appeared quite well.他显得身体相当好.,(4)感官系动词：表示“起来”,有feel(摸起来,感觉),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来,吃起来)等.如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布摸起来很软.It sounds good idea.听起来不错.This food tastes good.这菜好吃.,(5)变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样,主要有become,turn,grow,fall,get,go,come,run如：He became mad.他疯了.She had grown thinner and thinner.她越来越瘦了.The milk will soon turn sour.牛奶很快就会变酸.Several people fell ill.几个人生病了.We get wiser as we get old.随着年岁的增长,我们也变得聪明些了.She went pale at the news.听到这消息,她脸色变得苍白.,Look after,=take care of,照顾；,Look at,Look around,Look over,Look out,Look in,Look for,Look up,看；,到处看看；,浏览；,小心；,顺便来访=drop in,寻找；,仰视；找出；物价上涨,get,Get away(from/with),Get in,Get out,Get on,Get up,Get rid of,Get over,Get off,逃脱；避免,进入；抵达,出去；,上车/马；,起床；,摆脱；除去,克服；解决,下车；,(2011江苏徐州)I was so tired this morning that I couldt _early as usual.A.get up B.get on C.get off D.give up,A,(2011雅安)Mrs.Green is _her purse,but she cant _it.,A.Looking for;find B.looking at;find C.seeing;looking for,D.Finding;look for,B,Tips:look for 和find 意思都是寻找，而look for 强调是找的动作，find强调是找的结果。,take,O,ff 起飞，,Place 发生,care of 照顾,Away 带走，拿走,After 与相像,Out 取出拔出；,Up 拿起；开始着手做某事,In 吸收,It easy 放轻松,For 认为，以为,On 承担（责任）,Down 记下，写下；,(2011湖北荆州)Is he still raising money for charity?-Yes.He never _hope of helping poor children.A.takes off B.takes out C.give out D.gives up,D,花费,spend，cost，take，pay,Spend,主语必须是人，1.spend time/money on sth.,2.Spend time/money(in)doing sth.,3.Spend money for sth.,Cost,主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值得”。1.sth.cost(sb)+金钱,2.(doing)sth.cost sb.+时间，某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间,I spend 2 hours doing homework.,Doing homeword cost me 2hours.,It cost me 2hours doing my homework.,Take后面常跟双宾,1.It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.,2.Doing sth.takes sb.+时间,It takes me 2 hours to do my homework.,Pay,1.Pay(sb.)money for sth.付钱（给某人）买,2.Pay sb.,3.Pay for sth./sb.付的钱,4.Pay money back 还钱,5.Pay off ones money 还清钱,We paied$2 for each ticket.我们每张票付了2美金,（2011连云港）Whats your plan for this weekend?-Im going to_it with my grandparents.A.cost B.spend C.take D.pay,B,（2011呼和浩特）Do you take exercise everyday?,-yes.I always_thirty minutes after supper.,A.Spend B.cost C.take D.pay,A,(2011湖北荆州)This dress looks beautiful on you.How much is it?,It_me more than a thousand yuan.,A.took B.spent C.paid D.cost,D,动词的时态,1.一般现在时：,一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，则谓语动词也要变成相应的第三人称单数形式。,例.1.Tom often helps his parents do housework at home.,2.一般现在时的用法：,1.,表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,。,与often，always，usually，sometimes，once a week,everyday 等表示频率的副词或时间状语连用。,例.1.I often go to school by bus.,2.,表示客观事实或普遍真理。,The earth goes around the sun.,3.在某些以there,here 开头的句子中，用一般现在时来表示正在发生的动作,。,There goes the bell.,动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则：,形式,构成,例词,第三人称单数形式,在动词原形后加-s,Runs,likes,以ch，sh，ss，o,x结尾的动词，在词尾加-es,teach-teaches,wash-washes,pass-passes,go-goes,以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变 i 在家-es,study-studies,try-tries,以元音字母加y结尾的动词，在词尾加-s,stay-stays,play-plays,用一般现在时表示将来时的情况：,1.表示规定时间或时间表预计发生的动作。,例.we are going to Beijing.Our plane takes off at 8:00.,2.当主句是一般将来时态时，在if，as soom as,until,when 等引导的状语从句中一般现在时代替一般将来时。,If it doesnt rain this afternoom,well have a football match.,2,一般现在时的疑问句、否定句,Do you see the bird in the tree?,你看见树上的鸟了吗？,一般过去时,1,一般过去时的用法及标志词,一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。句中的谓语动词要变为过去式。常与yesterday,last week,two days ago,in 1988等过去的时间状语连用。,2,一般过去时的疑问句和否定句,Were most people too busy making a living in early times,？在早期，大部分人忙着谋生吗？Modern soccer didnt become official until 1863.直到1863年现代足球才成为官方运动。Did you have any problems on your journey?你在旅途中有一些困难吗？,注意,动词过去式的变化规则：,(1),一般情况下，在动词原形后加-ed。如：,watchwatched。,(2)以不发音字母e结尾的加-d。如：livelived。,(3)以“辅音字母y”结尾的，变y为i加-ed。如：,studystudied;carrycarried;crycried。,(4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed。如：,stopstopped;planplanned;preferpreferred。,(5)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。,考点三 一般将来时,1,一般将来时的构成及基本用法,(1),结构：“助动词shall/will动词原形”或“be going to动词原形”。,(2)用法：,表示将要发生的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有 later(on),soon,in a month(in时间段),next time,from now on,tomorrow等。,I shall be eighteen years old next year.明年我就18岁了。,表示某种必然的趋势。,Fish will die without water.没有水，鱼就会死,(3),注意：will引导的将来时，表示事情没有经过事先考虑而即将发生，be going to引导的将来时表示事情经过事先计划、考虑打算而即将发生。They will arrive here tomorrow morning.明天早晨他们将抵达这里。Im going to see a film this afternoon.今天下午我要去看电影。,1,现在进行时的构成及基本用法,(1),结构：am/is/are动词的ing形式(2)用法：表示目前正在发生(进行)的动作(不指状态