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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,翟仁友,*,腔静脉滤器的植入及适应症评价,(ppt),腔静脉滤器的植入及适应症评价(ppt),(优选)腔静脉滤器的植入及适应症评价,(优选)腔静脉滤器的植入及适应症评价,Acute PTE,management,急救措施,抗凝治疗、溶栓治疗,导管碎栓、抽吸、肺动脉血栓剥脱,滤器,Acute PTE management急救措施,高危人群,1 重大手术后。(搭桥),2 下肢和盆创伤或手术后。(骨折、),3 深静脉栓塞史或深静脉炎。(原发、置管),4 下肢静脉回流障碍(如严重静脉曲张)。,5 长期卧床不起。,6 妊娠和产后。,7 其它:60岁、肥胖、血液高凝状态,肿瘤、口服避孕药物等。,高危人群1 重大手术后。(搭桥),滤器植入的规范解读,(1)临床上没有看到很多PE,PE并不常见;,(2)过去没有用腔静脉滤器,DVT也得到了很好治疗;,(3)腔静脉滤器长期留置在体内合适吗?,(4)若单纯地为了预防而应用腔静脉滤器,那么与付出的费用相比值得吗?临床上确实需要腔静脉滤器吗?,滤器植入的规范解读(1)临床上没有看到很多PE,PE并不常见,静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thromboembolism,VTE),肢体DVT发生后约有45%的患者可以发生PE,3 Stages of VTE:Calf DVT,Proximal DVT PE,PE是可以预防的,主动预防,预防DVT的发生,被动预防,,腔静脉内有效拦截来自DVT脱落栓子,滤器植入的规范解读,静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thromboembolism,滤器植入适应症,心血管病学进展,2012,年,3,月第,33,卷第,2,期,Adv Cardiovasc Dis,,,March 2012,,,Vol,33,,,No,2,中华内科杂志,2010,年,1,月第,49,卷第,1,期,Clin J Intern Med,,,January 2010,,,Vol,49,,,No,1,滤器植入适应症心血管病学进展 2012 年 3 月第 33,滤器植入绝对适应症,(1)抗凝治疗禁忌,但已确诊的VTE患者;,(2)抗凝治疗出现并发症的VTE患者;,(3)抗凝治疗无效的VTE患者;,(4)尽管采用了足量的抗凝治疗仍发生PE的患者。,滤器植入绝对适应症(1)抗凝治疗禁忌,但已确诊的VTE患者;,Absolute Indications,(Proven VTE),Recurrent VTE(acute or chronic)despite adequate anticoagulation,Contraindication to anticoagulation,Complication of anticoagulation,Inability to achieve/maintain therapeutic anticoagulation,Kaufman et al.,Guidelines for the Use of Retrievable and Convertible Vena Cava Filters:Report from the SIR Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference.JVIR 2006:449-459.,Indications for Inferior Vena Cava Filters,Absolute Indications(Proven V,Relative Indications,(Proven VTE),Iliocaval DVT,Large,free-floating proximal DVT,Difficulty establishing therapeutic anticoagulation,Massive PE treated with thrombolysis/thrombectomy,Chronic PE treated with thromboendarterectomy,Thrombolysis for iliocaval DVT,VTE with limited cardiopulmonary reserve,Recurrent PE with filter in place,Poor compliance with anticoagulant medications,High risk of complication of anticoagulation(e.g.ataxia,frequent falls),Indications for Inferior Vena Cava Filters,Kaufman et al.,Guidelines for the Use of Retrievable and Convertible Vena Cava Filters:Report from the SIR Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference.JVIR 2006:449-459.,Relative Indications(Proven V,Prophylactic Indications,(No VTE,primary prophylaxis not feasible),Trauma patient with high risk of VTE,Surgical procedure in patient at high risk of VTE,Medical condition with high risk of VTE,Contraindications to Filter Placement,No access route to the vena cava,No location available in vena cava for placement of filter,Indications for Inferior Vena Cava Filters,Kaufman et al.,Guidelines for the Use of Retrievable and Convertible Vena Cava Filters:Report from the SIR Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference.JVIR 2006:449-459.,Prophylactic Indications(No,腔静脉滤器类型,腔静脉滤器类型,1全面体格检查,如为下肢深静脉血栓形成,需检查并记录双下肢皮温,足踝、小腿、膝及大腿周径。,2凝血功能测定,包括凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)。作肝、肾功能生化检测。,3腹部平片及CT。,4碘过敏试验。,5穿刺部位备皮。,6向患者和家属介绍滤器置入术的指征、操作过程、并发症及其处理,签手术知情同意书。,7术前30分钟肌注安定10mg。,1全面体格检查,如为下肢深静脉血栓形成,需检查并记录双下肢,腔静脉滤器释放步骤,腔静脉滤器释放步骤,腔静脉滤器释放步骤,经股静脉穿刺行下腔静脉造影,确定肾静脉的位置,作好标记,沿导丝送入输送鞘管达肾静脉下方,将含滤器的输送器插入鞘管内,释放滤器位于肾静脉开口下方,撤除输送装置后行下腔静脉造影,观察腔 静脉通常情况,腔静脉滤器释放步骤经股静脉穿刺行下腔静脉造影,Vena Cava Filter Procedure Overview,Locations of Filter Placement,Infrarenal:the textbook case(90%),Filter placed in IVC just below the lowest renal vein,Some physicians prefer to place filter element within the renal vein ostium for filter“wash-out”,Suprarenal(not indicated),Filter is placed in IVC above the renals,Placed if IVC thrombus or in women of child-bearing age,Must assess anatomy,SVC Filter Placement(not indicated),Controversial:upper extremity vein thrombosis,SVC anatomy is different from IVC:,SVC does not have protective,retroperitoneal lining,A breach of SVC enters pericardial sac(major event),Vena Cava Filter Procedure Ove,Antheor Temporal Filter(ATF)ATF由6根 Phynox合金条弓形对称排列制作而成,释放后呈橄榄形,俯视及仰视呈六角星形。长50mm,直径31mm。ATF外鞘管外径9F,推送杆外径7F。经肘前静脉置入的ATF外鞘管长815em,推送杆长845cm,经颈内静脉和股静脉置入的ATF外鞘管长650cm,推送杆长680cm。ATF一般于置人后1周内取出,最长不得超过2周。适用于急性下肢深静脉血栓,血栓长度不超过5cm,经介入溶栓治疗估计在l周左右可完全溶解的病例。为减少溶栓后的并发症,多选用股静脉为人路。置入滤器后作积极的介入溶栓治疗。取出滤器前复查下肢深静脉、下腔静脉造影。在明确血栓已被溶解时,方可取出滤器。取出滤器时在电视监视下先将滤器轻轻缩回外鞘管,助手同时以50ral注射器用力抽吸外鞘管旁路,术者将滤器和外鞘管一并拉出。,Antheor Temporal Filter(ATF),LGT Tempofilter(LGT-TF)LGTTF由医用不锈钢材料制成,有10天用和六周用两种类型,分别为六条不锈钢片和八条长短交叉排列的不锈钢片构成的锥形结构。适用于腔静脉直径28mm。导入鞘直径12F,并配有独特的留置导管及导入附件,留置导管内可以送入另一根3F导管,以便注药,从而溶解被滤过器所抓住的血栓。LGTTF仅能从右侧颈内静脉途径置入,操作步骤较复杂。,LGT Tempofilter(LGT-TF)LGT,Greenfield Filter(GF)新一代的GF有两种,一种为Titanium Greenfield Filter(TGF),由6条钛合金丝制作而成;一种为Stainlessteel Greenfield Filter(SGF),由6条不锈钢丝制作而成。两者的外观、形态相同,均为锥形,锥顶至锥底的高度 TGF为47mm,SGF为44mm,锥底支角间的最大跨距TGF为38mm,SGF为30mm。外鞘管外径为15F,输送装置口径12F,TGF无引导导丝孔,SGF则保留导引导丝孔。TGF和SGF均适用于下腔静脉直径28ram、下腔静脉无弯曲者。两者的置入方法相似,均可以经两侧股静脉、右侧颈内静脉为人路。经颈和经股置人的滤过器在外包装上有明确标示,不可混用。尽量牵直外鞘管,避免滤器输送装置推入时阻力过大。外鞘管和输送装置尽可能与下腔静脉保持平行,以减小滤器置入后的倾斜角。SGF由于能通过O035超硬导丝,释放滤器过程中外鞘管和输送装置的稳定性较好,释放后滤器倾斜角较小。一般认为,倾斜角应28mm,下腔静脉明显弯曲时,作为永久性滤器BNF是目前较佳的选择。在患者体形瘦小,肾静脉下缘以下下腔静脉较短时,则不宜选用 BNF,以避免滤器下V形支脚进入髂总静脉造成不良后果。,40mmBirds
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