资源描述
Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,*,Formal Amendment,Chapter 3,Section 2,Key Terms,Amendment,Ratification,Formal Amendment,Bill of Rights,Process of Constitutional change,By formal amendment and,By other informal means,Amendment-that is for change in its written words,Article IV set out two different methods of ratification of amendments,Four possible methods of formal amendment,First Method,May be proposed by a 2/3s vote in each house of Congress and,3/4s vote of the States legislatures(38),Of 27 amendments 26 were adopted in this manner.,Second Method,May be proposed by Congress,Ratified by conventions called for this purpose in 3/4s of the States,Only 21,st,Amendment was adopted this way,When Congress proposes and amendment it chooses the method of ratification,Conventions were used for 21,st,because delegates were popularly elected for convention,Third Method,May be proposed by national convention called by Congress,At the request of 2/3s of States legislatures(34),It must then be ratified by 3/4s of States legislature,Congress has not called this type of convention,Fourth Method,May be proposed by a national convention,The ratified by conventions in 3/4s of the States,This is the way the constitution was adopted.,Federalism and Popular Sovereignty,Proposals take place at a national level,Ratification State by State,Represents the peoples sovereign will,Some criticize amendments being sent to the state instead of a convention,Elected to office for different reasons,Were not chosen for the amendment,Proposed Amendments,One restriction on the subjects with which an amendment may deal,Article V declares that“No State without its Consent,shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate”,President does not sign an amendment,Their influence may affect the success,Proposed Amendments,State rejection-can late reconsider,Once approves that can not be undone,15,000 joint resolutions since 1789,33 have been sent to the States,27 have been fully ratified,One,unratified,was offered by Congress in 1789,Along with 10 proposals(Bill of Rights),7,th,amendment in 1992(Congressional pay raise),1789,unratified,dealt with distribution of seat in the House of Representative,Others have included:,1861 prohibit any amendment relating to slavery,1924 Regulate child labor,1972 Equal Rights amendment(ERA)fell three states short in 1982,1978 Give Washington D.C.congressional seats,Later Amendments,Congress proposed 18th amendment in 1917,Gave it a seven year deadline,Supreme court held Congress can place a reasonable time limit,Congress set similar time frame for each of the amendments except the 19th Amendment,Congress gave a three year extension to ERA Amendment,Bill of Rights,Were added less then three years after the Constitution took effect,Each arose from a controversy during ratification.,Thomas Jefferson would only support it if there was a Bill of Rights,The great Constitutional guarantees,Later Amendments,11,th,declares that no state may be sued in federal courts by a citizen of another State or a citizen of any foreign state.(1795),12,th,changes in Electoral Procedure,13,th,Abolished slavery as a direct result of civil War(1865),Later Amendments,18,th,Nationwide prohibition on alcohol,Called the Nobel Experiment,Lasted fewer than 14 years,18,th,was repealed by the 21,st,in 1933,22,nd,limit on Presidential terms,26,th,1971 gave 18 year olds the right to vote,“OLD ENOUGH TO FIGHT,OLD ENOUGH TO VOTE”,LATER AMENDMENTS,27,TH,TOOK 203 YEARS TO PASS,Was written by James Madison,Forbids members of congress from raising their own pay during that term,Proposed 1789 ratified 1992,Describe the four possible methods of formal amendment.,Method 1,2/3s Congress-3/4 State legislatures,Method 2,2/3s Congress by Conventions 3/4 of States,Method 3,National convention called by Congress by 2/3s of States legislatures-ratified by 3/4,Method 4,National convention by Congress request 2/3s States ratified by conventions in 3/4 of the States,Which method of formal amendment has been used only once?,Amendment proposed by 2/3s vote in Congress and ratified by conventions in 3/4 of States.,For which Amendment was it used?,21st,Explain how the ratification process is an example of popular sovereignty?,Popularly elected congressional representatives propose amendments which are ratified by elected representatives in State legislatures or elected delegates to State Conventions.,Why was the Bill of Rights adopted to the Constitution?,To gain support of Anti-Federalists who wanted a basic bill of rights.,What rights do these amendments protect?,Guarantees of freedom of belief and expression,of freedom and security of person,and of fair and equal treatment before the law.,How might news reports differ if freedom of speech and the press were not part of the Constitution?,The,government,could dictate content to news reporters,Some people have criticized the ratifica
展开阅读全文