资源描述
单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,英语写作指导,之,从句子成分开始,Instructor:,Whitney,英语写作指导 从句子成分开始,讲解篇,讲解篇,你知道所有句子的基本成分吗？,它们是？,你知道所有句子的基本成分吗？它们是？,各司其职的,8,大句子成分,句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做,句子成分,。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语和同位语等。,各司其职的8大句子成分 句子由各个组成部分构成，,一、主语,句子的主体,主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。更确切地说，主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。主语通常由名词,(,短语,),、代词、数词、动词不定式,(,短语,),、动名词,(,短语,),或从句等充当。,一、主语句子的主体,The girl,is pretty.,Reading,is useful.,To see,is to believe.,They,are good friends.,(,名词作主语）,(,动名词作主语）,(,动词不定式作主语）,(,代词作主语）,The girl is pretty.Reading i,二、谓语,主语的行为,谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征。实义动词,(,短语,),可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称和数的变化；系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓语；助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语，,“,助动词,/,情态动词实义动词,”,可以作谓语。,二、谓语主语的行为,They,are teachers,.,She,looks well,.,He,studies,hard.,He,can speak,English.,(,系动词,+,表语）,（系动词,+,表语）,（实义动词）,（情态动词,+,动词）,They are teachers.(系动词+表语）（系动词,三、宾语,动作的对象,宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等。,三、宾语动作的对象,She plays,the piano,.,He often helps,me,.,I like,watching TV,.,She likes,to go to shop,this afternoon.,I think,that he is a good guy.,（名词）,（代词）,(,动名词）,（动词不定式）,（从句）,She plays the piano.（名词）（代词）(,四、表语,主语的特征,表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语,(,系表结构,),，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。可以用作表语的有：名词,(,短语,),、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式,(,短语,),、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。,四、表语主语的特征,I am,a teacher,.,She is,happy,.,Everybody is,here,.,They are,at home,now.,My job is,to teach English,.,Seeing is,believing.,（名词）,（形容词）,（副词）,（介词短语）,（动词不定式）,（动名词）,I am a teacher.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（介,五、定语,名词的修饰语,定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。,五、定语名词的修饰语,The,black,bike is mine.,Whats,your,name?,A,broken,vase.,A,sleeping,boy.,They made,paper,flowers.,The boy,in the room,is Jack.,I have something,to do,.,Its a,swimming,pool.,（形容词）,（形物代词）,（过去分词）,（现在分词）,（名词）,（介词短语）,（动词不定）,（动名词）,The black bike is mine.（形容词）（形,六、状语,动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语,状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格结构和从句等。,六、状语动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语,He did it,carefully,.,In order to,catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.,I was born,on July 9,th,1982 in Guangxi,.,He is writing,with a pen,.,（副词）,（不定式）,（介词短语）,（介词短语）,He did it carefully.（副词）（不定式）（,七、补足语,宾语或主语的补充说明,补足语是用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补足语；补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补足语。可以用作补足语的有：形容词、名词、不定式、分词和介词短语等。,七、补足语宾语或主语的补充说明,If you let me go,Ill make you,king,.,Leave the door,open,.,We found John,out,when we arrived.,Make yourself,at home,.,I heard my name,called,.,The boss keeps them,working,all day.,(,名词）,（形容词）,（副词）,（介词短语）,（过去分词）,（现在分词）,If you let me go,Ill make yo,八、同位语,同等重要的修饰语,对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。,八、同位语同等重要的修饰语,1.We are going to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival,a holiday,for us to show our respect for the elderly.,2.He told me the news,that he would come back from aboard soon.,(,名词作同位语,),（从句作同位语）,1.We are going to the local nu,习题篇,习题篇,一：划分句子成分,1.,This,is an English-chinese dictionary.,2.,The dinner,smells good,.,3.,The trouble,is that they are short of money,.,主语,谓语,主语,谓语,主语,谓语,一：划分句子成分主语 谓语主语谓语主语谓语,4.,The news,was surprising,.,5.,We,all breathe,eat and drink,.,主语,谓语,6.,The pen,writes,smoothly,.,主语,谓语,状语,主语,谓语,4.The news was surprising.主,二：翻译下面句子,她昨天回家很晚。,2.,会议将持续两个小时。,3.,昨晚我写了一封信。,She went home very late yesterday.,The meeting will last two hours.,I wrote a letter last night.,二：翻译下面句子She went home very lat,4.,他们成功地完成了计划。,They carried out the plan successful.,5.,奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。,Grandma told me an interesting story last night.,6.,请把那本字典递给我，好吗？,Would you please pass me the dictionary.,4.他们成功地完成了计划。,一,.,划分句子成分,1.,She,ordered,herself,a new dress,.,2.,He,showed,me,how to run the machine,.,3.,The sun,keeps,us,warm,.,4.,Who,knows,the answer,?,5.,He,has refused,to help them,.,6.,He,admits,that he was mistaken,.,7.,I,often,find,him,at work,.,8.,The war,made,him,a soldier,.,一.划分句子成分1.She ordered herself,二,.,翻译下列句子,1.,我们叫她爱丽丝。,2.,每天早上我们听见他大声读英语。,3.,我们应当努力学习。,4.,那天早上我们谈了很多。,5.,在故去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了很大的变化。,二.翻译下列句子1.我们叫她爱丽丝。,Thank You!,Thank You!,
展开阅读全文