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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/3/25,#,专题（九）,构词法,第二篇语法专题突破,专题（九）第二篇语法专题突破,1,考点一派生法,英语构词法中在词根前面或后面加词缀,从而构成一个新词的方法叫作派生法。加在词根前的词缀叫前缀,加在词根后的词缀叫后缀。,1.,前缀,(1),表否定意义的前缀,前缀,含义,例词,un-,不,happyunhappy(,不高兴的,),friendlyunfriendly(,不友好的,),usualunusual(,不寻常的,),ableunable(,不能的,),popularunpopular(,不流行的,),考点一派生法英语构词法中在词根前面或后面加词缀,从而构,2,前缀,含义,例词,in-,不,activeinactive(,不积极的,),correctincorrect(,不正确的,),expensiveinexpensive(,不贵的,),im-,不,politeimpolite(,不礼貌的,),patientimpatient(,没有耐心的,),possibleimpossible(,不可能的,),dis-,不,likedislike(,不喜欢,),appeardisappear(,消失,),agreedisagree(,不同意,),non-,不,;,非,smokernon-smoker(,非吸烟者,),humannon-human(,非人类的,),nativenon-native(,非母语的,;,非本地的,),前缀含义例词in-不 activeinactive(不积极,3,(2),其他,前缀,含义,例词,mis-,错误,;,失误,understandmisunderstand(,误解,),leadmislead(,误导,),behaviormisbehavior(,行为不端,),re-,又,;,再,;,重新,viewreview(,复习,),writerewrite(,重写,),inter-,相互,;,交互在一起,netInternet(,互联网,),nationalinternational(,国际的,),connectinterconnect(,相互关联,),(2)其他前缀含义例词mis-错误;understand,4,前缀,含义,例词,tele-,远,phonetelephone(,电话,),visiontelevision(,电视,),en-,使可能,richenrich(,使丰富,),ableenable(,使能够,),a-,使处于,情况,livealive(,活着的,),wakeawake(,醒着的,),sleepasleep(,睡着的,),前缀含义例词tele-远 phonetelephone(电,5,2.,后缀,形式,后缀,例词,形容词,副词,+-ly,widewidely,quietquietly,sadsadly,slowslowly,以“辅音字母,+y”,结尾的形容词,变,y,为,i,再加,-ly,happyhappily,angryangrily,以“辅音字母,+le”,结尾的形容词,去掉,e,再加,-y,simplesimply,terribleterribly,少数以,e,结尾的形容词,要去掉,e,再加,-ly,truetruly,2.后缀形式后缀例词形容词+-ly widewidel,6,形式,后缀,例词,名词,形容词,+-y,rainrainy,healthhealthy,wealthwealthy,lucklucky,+-ly,weekweekly,lovelovely,friendfriendly,+-ous,dangerdangerous,+-ful,carecareful,useuseful,helphelpful,+-less,useuseless,helphelpless,carecareless,形式后缀例词名词+-y rainrainy,7,形式,后缀,例词,名词,形容词,+-ern,westwestern,southsouthern,+-en,goldgolden,woodwooden,+-al,nationnational,其他,ChinaChinese,FranceFrench,AmericaAmerican,CanadaCanadian,AsiaAsian,centrecentral,形式后缀例词名词+-ern westwestern+-,8,形式,后缀,例词,动词,形容词,+-ed,disappointdisappointed,interestinterested,+-ing,followfollowing,interestinteresting,+-tive,actactive,createcreative,+-able,enjoyenjoyable,comfortcomfortable,suitsuitable,形式后缀例词动词+-ed disappointdisap,9,形式,后缀,例词,形容词,名词,+-ness,illillness,sadsadness,kindkindness,+-y,difficultdifficulty,+-ity,ableability,possiblepossibility,+-ce(,以,t,结尾的形容词去,t,再加,-ce),importantimportance,silentsilence,differentdifference,形式后缀例词形容词+-ness illillness,10,形式,后缀,例词,动词,名词,+-er,teachteacher,winwinner,workworker,+-or,actactor,visitvisitor,directdirector,+-ion,inviteinvitation,decidedecision,+-ment,developdevelopment,movemovement,+-ing,fishfishing,readreading,hearhearing,+-ist,artartist,pianopianist,tourtourist,sciencescientist,其他,serve(,v.,)service(,n.,),courage(,n.,)encourage(,v.,),hot(,adj.,)heat(,n.,),safe(,adj.,)safety(,n.,),high(,adj.,)height(,n.,)highly(,adv.,),形式后缀例词动词+-er teachteacher w,11,考点二合成法,英语中由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法叫作合成法。常见的合成法如下：,(1),合成名词,classroom(,名词,+,名词,),blackboard(,形容词,+,名词,),(2),合成形容词,worldwide(,名词,+,形容词,),good-looking(,形容词,+,现在分词,),(3),合成动词,overcome(,副词,+,动词,),考点二合成法英语中由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这,12,(4),合成数词,fifty-four(,数词,+,数词,),(5),合成代词,everybody,somebody,anything(,代词,+,名词,),(6),合成副词,downstairs(,副词,+,名词,),whole-heartedly(,形容词,+,副词,),(7),合成介词,inside(,介词,+,名词,),within(,介词,+,介词,),into(,介词,+,介词,),(4)合成数词fifty-four(数词+数词),13,考点三转化法,英语中把一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性,这种构词法叫作转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。常见的转化形式有：名词动词,形容词动词,动词名词。,(1),名词动词,show(,n.,展览,;,展示,),show(,v.,表演,;,展出,),water(,n.,水,),water(,v.,浇水,),speed(,n.,速度,),speed(,v.,加速,),(2),形容词动词,slow(,adj.,慢的,),slow(,v.,放慢,),考点三转化法英语中把一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性,14,(3),动词名词,walk(,v.,散步,;,走,),walk(,n.,散步,),look(,v.,看,),look(,n.,看,),talk(,v.,谈话,),talk(,n.,谈话,),rest(,v.,休息,),rest(,n.,休息,),break(,v.,打破,),break(,n.,休息,),(3)动词名词,15,考点过关训练,根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空。,1.,Emilys mother didnt allow her to watch her favourite programme,Running,Man,and it made her,(happy).,2.,Im glad to hear that my favourite,(sing)has come to our city.,3.,Are your parents in,(agree)that you can deal with it by yourself?,4.,This dress is,(expensive).It will not cost you much.,5.,Its,(possible)to separate Diaoyu Islands from China.,6.,I bought the computer,(simple)because it was cheap.,unhappy,singer,agreement,inexpensive,impossible,simply,考点过关训练根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空。unhappys,16,7.,The Bruce family had to give up camping in the Purple Mountain on such a,(fog)day.,8.,If you do,(care)in the test,you wont get high marks.,9.,We shall never make such an important,(decide)without much thought.,10.,Not all,(wealth)people have to wear expensive clothes and not all clever people have to wear glasses.,11.,For your,(safe),smoking is not allowed during the whole flight.,foggy,carelessly,decision,wealthy,safety,考点过关训练,7.The Bruce family had to giv,17,12.,Blue is a,(peace)colour.People often feel quiet in blue rooms.,13.,As a guide,I must pay attention to all the,(tour)safety during their trip.,14.,Easton LaChappelle,a 19-year-old,(invent),built an arm by developing most of the parts through a 3-D printer.,15.,Stephen Hawking is widely considered as one of the greatest,(science)in the world.,16.,I didnt
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