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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,限制性定语从句,非,Non-restrictive Attributive Clause,限制性定语从句非Non-restrictive At,1,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句是,先行词在意义上不可缺少,的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或,失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，,写时不用逗号分开。,限制性定语从句中作宾语,的关系代词常可省略。,如,:,a)What is the name of the tall woman,who,is standing there?,站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字,?,b)Toronto is a city,(that)I ve always wanted,to visit,.,多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是先行词在意,2,2.,非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切,只是,对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句,的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用,逗号分开,一般,不用,that,引导。非限制性定语,从句中,关系词不可省略,。如：,Rome,which is the capital of Italy,has a,very long history.,意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。,2.非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切,3,She has two brothers who are working in the city.,She has two brothers,who are working in the city.,她有两个弟弟，他们在这个城市工作。,她有两个在这个城市工作的弟弟。,品味一“翻”,品味：两者翻译的不同,不只两个弟弟,只有两个弟弟,有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。,She has two brothers who are w,4,下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差,意义大相径庭。,He will wear no clothes,which will make him,different from others.,他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。,b)He will wear no clothes,which will make him,different from others.,他不穿衣服,这会使他显得与众不同。,下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差,意义大相径庭。,5,非限制性定语从句,构成：,+,+,关系词,先行词,She has,two brothers,(,who,are working in the city).,+,其他部分,非限制性定语从句构成：+,+关系词先行词She has tw,6,关系词,指人,指物,在定语从句中的作用,主语,宾语,主语宾语,主语 宾语,宾语,who,whom,which,as,非限制性定语从句的关系代词的指代关系,关系代词,定语,whose,指代整个主句,关系词 指人指物在定语从句中的作用主语宾语主语宾语主语,7,关系副词（,where,when,）的指代关系,指地点,指时间,在定语从句中的作用,时间状语,地点状语,that,，,why,不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。,tips,as,引导非限制性定语从句位置活跃，可以用在主句前，也可以用在主句后，指代整个主句的内容。常译为“正如，好像”,介词,+which,关系副词,where,when,关系副词（where,when）的指代关系指地点指时间在定语,8,1.He gave me,a pen,he bought yesterday,.,2.He gave me,a pen,which he bought yesterday.,关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可 以省略。,关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语不可以省略。,Look at the following sentences and tell the differences of the Attributive Clauses.,1.He gave me a pen he bought,9,3.,大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词,往往为某一个词或短语,而特殊场合非限制性,定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非,限制性定语从句常由,which,引导。,eg.A middle-aged woman killed her husband,which frightened me very much.,一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫,这事令我十分恐惧。,析,:,从语境可知,令我恐惧的内容应为中年,女子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事,因此,先行词为整个主句,此时应由,which,引导,定语从句。,3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词,10,eg.A five-year-old boy can speak two,foreign languages,which surprises all,the people present.,一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语,令所有在场,的人感到非常惊讶。,析,:,从语境可知,令所有在场的人感到惊讶,的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个,一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由,which,引导非限制性定语从句。,eg.A five-year-old boy can sp,11,Her brother who,is now a soldier,always encourages her to go to,college.,她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上,大学,.(,意含,:,她还有其他哥哥,),比较下列句子,:,Her brother who is now a sold,12,Her brother,who,is now a soldier,always encourages her,to go to college.,她哥哥是当兵的,他总是鼓励她,上大学。,(,意含,:,她只有一个哥哥,),Her brother,who is now a sold,13,当我们做非限制性定语从句的练习时，可以先找出定语从句和先行词，然后再分析先行词在从句中的作用，再对关系词加以选择。如果先行词在从句中作主语或宾语，就要考虑选用,_,如果先行词做,_,要考虑选用关系副词。,整理一,关系代词,状语,当我们做非限制性定语从句的练习时，可以先找出定语从句和先行词,14,which,as,在引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：,which,可以代指主句的部分内容，也可以代指整个主句的内容,as,代指整个主句，表达整个主句的内容,2.as,引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之前的位置，可以放在主句之后,which,引导的非限制性定于从句只能跟在主句后，不能放在句首,3.,当非限制性定语从句为否定句或者具有否定意义时用,which,不用,as,4.as,表达,”,正如,就像”之意,整理二,which,as在引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：整理二,15,品读规律,Tom found,the ancient book,which,was broken.,As,is said in the newspaper,two farmers saw the UFO in the field.,I like,the house,whose,windows face the sea.,先行词指物,在从句中做主或宾语,用关系词,which,不能用,that,As,引导的非限制性定语从句,常位于句首,which,不可以,先行词在从句做定语,用关系词,whose,品读规律Tom found the ancient book,16,介词,+,关系代词,介词的选用,要根据从句的谓语动词的构成。,People will remember,August 8th,2008,when,29th Olympic Games was held in Beijing.,先行词在从句中做时间状语,用,when,或介词,+which,。,Cindy is,a lovely girl,with,whom,many people like to,make friends.,介词+关系代词,介词的选用,要根据从句的谓语动词的构成。,17,经典例题,1.As,announced in todays papers,the Shanghai Export,Commodities,Fair is also open on Sundays.,A being B is C to be D are,只要引导非限定性定语从句,as,和,which,都可以指一句话内容，区别在于,which,只能放在它所指那句话的后面，而,as,可以在前面也可以在后面。,B,经典例题1.As announced in tod,18,2.,She is always speaking highly of her role in the play,_,of course,make,s,the others unhappy.A.what B.for that C.that D.which,Which,在此处引导非限定性定语从句，注意分析句法成分，不要受“,of course”,干扰,3.,Alice received an invitation from her boss,_came as a surprise.A.it,B.that,C.which,D.he,此句为非限定性从句,不能用,that,修饰,而用,which.it,和,he,都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选,he,句意不通。,C,2.She is always speaking high,19,尝试篇,non-restrictive attributive clause,尝试篇non-restrictive attributive,20,错漏“摆”出,1.People are excited to meet Zhai Zhigang,he,was the first Chinese to walk in space.,2.Many Chinese will never forget May 12th,2008,when a big earthquake happened in,Sichuan then.,3.Which is shown on TV,many children,suffered a lot from the polluted milk.,he,who,then,去掉,Which,As,错漏“摆”出1.People are excited to,21,错漏“摆”出,4.Lin Hao is a hero,who we should learn.,5.China got the most gold medals in the,Olympics,that makes people excited.,6.I dream of going to Beijing,which the 29th,Olympic Games was held.,who,from whom,that,which,which,where/in which,who we should learn from,错漏“摆”出4.Lin Hao is a hero,wh,22,小试牛刀篇,non-restrictive attributive clause,competition,小试牛刀篇non-restrictive attributi,23,Hangzhou is a beautiful city,_,people visit the famous West Lake.,2.Beijing,_ is the capital of China,has a very long histor
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