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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2019/11/26,#,第二十六章,It,的用法,1.,人称代词,it,2.,虚义主义,it,3.,先行,it,4.,强调句型中的,it,5.,惯用法中的,it,第二十六章 It的用法 1.人称代词it2.虚义主义it3.,1,1.,人称代词,it,作人称代词的,it,可以指代事物，也可以指代人，在句中通常作主语或宾语。,（,1,）指上文提到的事物、动物、植物等。例如：,That vase is valuable.Its more than 200 years old.,那只花瓶很宝贵，它有,200,多年的历史。,Water is very useful.We use it to generate electricity.,水非常有用。我们用它来发电。,The company was losing money and it had to make people redundant.,1.人称代词it作人称代词的it可以指代事物，也可以指代人，,2,公司正在亏损，不得不裁减冗员。,The man went up to the cat and started stroking it.,那人走到猫跟前，开始抚摸它。,（,2,）指前面的短语、从句或句子的内容。例如：,Id like to go on a trip to Europe,but I cannot afford it.,我想去欧洲旅游，但我却负担不起费用。,Railroad service was suspended.They told me it was because of a landslide.,铁路不通了。他们告诉我是因为山体滑坡。,公司正在亏损，不得不裁减冗员。,3,She was frightened,but tried not to show it.,她吓坏了，但她尽量不表现出来。,（,3,）在性别不计或不明时指人或婴孩。例如：,What a lovely baby!Is it a boy or a girl?,多可爱的宝宝！是男孩还是女孩？,Theres someone here to see you.,这儿有个人要见你。,Who is it?,谁呀？,She was frightened,but tried,4,2.,虚义主语,it,在由,it,引导的表示时间、距离、天气、温度、季节、环境、状况等句子中及在某些句型中，,it,的语法功能是明确的（作主语），但意义却是含糊的，故称“虚义主语,it”,。,（,1,）表示时间、距离、天气、温度、季节等。例如：,Its five years/It has been five years since we met last.,自从我们上次见面以来已有,5,年了。,It wont be long before plenty of tomatoes appear on the market,.,2.虚义主语it在由it引导的表示时间、距离、天气、温度、季,5,不要过多久大批西红柿就要上市了。,How far is it to your school?,到你们学校有多远？,It is three miles from here.,离这儿有,3,英里。,It gets hot and humid in summer here.,这里夏季热而潮湿。,Its 37 degrees centigrade/Celsius.,气温为,37,摄氏度。,（,2,）表示环境或一般泛指状况。例如：,It is very quiet here,good for me to study.,这儿很安静，是我学习的好地方。,Its my turn.,轮到我了。,Hows it going Bob?I havent seen you for ages.,鲍勃，近况如何？我好久未见你了。,If it hadnt been for you,I dont know what Iwould have done.,不要过多久大批西红柿就要上市了。,6,要不是你，我真不知道会干出什么事来呢。,（,3,）用在,It seems/appears/looks that,等句型中。例如：,It seems that he knows the secret.,他似乎知道这个秘密。,It appears that she will pass the exam.,她似乎能通过考试。,It looks as if its going to snow.,看来好像要下雪了。,It happened/chanced that he was out when I dropped in.,我顺道去拜访他时，他恰巧外出了。,It turned out that she was a friend of my sisters.,原来她是我姐姐的朋友。,要不是你，我真不知道会干出什么事来呢。,7,3.,先行,it,3.1 it,做形式主语,（,1,）代替语句。例如：,It is a nuisance,this delay.,很麻烦，这样拖延。,Its boring,this sort of play.,很没趣，这种剧目。,（,2,）代替不定式。例如：,It is illegal to drive without a licence.,无照驾驶是违法的。,It is important for young people not to waste time.,年轻人不浪费时间至关重要。,It is everyones duty to abide by the law.,3.先行it3.1 it做形式主语,8,遵守法律是每个人的责任。,It was against my principle to do that.,那样做有悖于我的原则。,It makes me sick to think about it.,想到此事我就感到恶心。,（,3,）代替动名词。例如：,It is no use crying over spilt milk.,谚,泼洒了牛奶，哭也无用。,It is not worthwhile spending a lot of time on such trifles.,在这种小事上花费许多时间不值得。,Its fun working here.,在这里工作很有趣。,遵守法律是每个人的责任。,9,（,4,）代替,that,从句。例如：,Its a shame that Jack isnt here.,杰克不在这儿，真遗憾。,It has been my philosophy of life that difficulties vanish when faced boldly.,我的生活态度一直是：只要勇敢面对困难，它们就会自动消失。,Is it true(that)you are going abroad for your holidays?,你要去国外度假是真的吗？,（4）代替that从句。例如：,10,（,5,）代替,that,从句以外的名词从句。例如：,It doesnt matter who you are or where you live.,你是谁、住在哪里都没有关系。,It is doubtful whether he is still alive.,他生死未卜。,It is a mystery to me how it all happened.,这件事到底是怎么发生的，对我来说还是个谜。,It doesnt matter to me which girl you like.,你喜欢哪个女孩，对我而言都无所谓。,（5）代替that从句以外的名词从句。例如：,11,3.2,i,t,作形式宾语,it,作形式宾语，多用,think,feel,consider,find,make,等动词。,（,1,）代替不定式。例如：,Youll find it difficult to persuade him.,你会发现说服他很难。,I consider it wise to say so.,我认为这样说是明智的。,She thought it her duty to support the chairperson.,她认为支持议长是她的职责。,3.2 it 作形式宾语it作形式宾语，多用think,f,12,（,2,）代替动名词。例如：,She finds it difficult working with Mike.,她发觉很难跟迈克一起工作。,I think it dangerous her going there alone at night.,我认为她晚上一个人去那里很危险。,They deemed it a sheer waste of time arguing about it.,他们觉得争论此事完全是浪费时间。,（,3,）代替,that,从句。例如：,Jane thinks it funny that Ive taken up yoga.,简认为我练瑜伽功是可笑的。,（2）代替动名词。例如：,13,We took it for granted that you would agree.,我们认为你当然会同意。,Scientists think it probable that there will be a big earthquake in that district.,科学家们认为那个地区可能发生大地震。,（,4,）代替,that,从句以外的名词从句。例如：,They havent made it known where the meeting is to be held.,他们没有宣布会议在哪里开。,We took it for granted that yo,14,4.,强调句型中的,it,4.1,强调句型,“,It+be+,被强调部分,+that”,这一句式又被称为“分裂句”，可用来强调除谓语以外的大部分句子成分。如果被强调的部分指人，,that,可用,who,替代；被强调的部分是物时，只能用,that,或,which,（,which,用得较少）；强调状语时，通常只用,that,不用,when,where,why,等。例如：,（,1,）强调主语。,It is diligence that makes up for deficiency.,勤能补拙。,It is he that is responsible.,是他负有责任。,4.强调句型中的it4.1 强调句型,15,It is Mr.Wilson that/who is the chairperson.,担任主席的是威尔逊先生。,（,2,）强调宾语。,It is a letter that Susan is writing.,苏珊正在写的是一封信。,It was those children that/who/whom I saw playing by the pond.,我看见在池塘边玩耍的就是那些孩子。,（,3,）强调状语（时间、地点、原因、方式、目的等）。,It was ten years ago that he lived in Beijing.,（时间）,It is Mr.Wilson that/who is t,16,It was when I was in the kitchen that I heard the explosion.,（时间）,我是在厨房的时候听到的爆炸声。,Its in the market that Julie buys her vegetables.,（地点）,朱莉是在菜市场买菜。,It was because I loved the picture that I frequented the museum.,（原因）,我是因为喜爱那幅画，才常去博物馆的。,It was in a
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