海运与贸易风险管理

按一下以編輯母片標題樣式,按一下以編輯母片,第二層,第三層,第四層,第五層,*,1,海運貿易,及,風險管理,Sea Trade&Risks Management,講師：楊智為,(Jason Yang),國立政治大學,98,年度課,程,2009,年,12,月,29,日,(,二,)14:10 16:00pm,2,國際物流,國際金流,押 託 轉 帳,國際銀行,融 資 借 貸,+,國際商業,價 金 收 付,+,金 融 匯 兌,金流,價 金,證券化,商 品,證券化,國際運輸,收交託運貨物,+,海 鐵 路 空 運 輸,運輸物流,航 空 郵 政,公 路 運 輸,鐵 道 運 輸,河 海 運 輸,多 式 聯 運,(,貨櫃化,=,標準化,),商品交易型,(,企業間,),物流,非商品交易型,(,企業內,),物流,國 際 展 覽 物 流,國 際 工 程 物 流,國 際 搬 家 物 流,非貿易型,貿 易 型,企業物流,回收型,(,逆向,),物流,從送出端到回收端,配銷型,(,流通,),物流,從製造端到消費端,採購型,(,生產,),物流,從原料端到製造端,(,由管控者,-,船方 主導,),(,由所有者,-,貨方 主導,),國際商業,商品買賣,+,市場行銷,儲配物流,通關 檢驗,倉 儲,配 送,進 口,轉 口,出 口,未 稅,保 稅,完 稅,(T1),報單,(,到外地,),(,到本地,),(T),報單,(T),報單,(,外地貨,),(,本地貨,),裝 卸,保 管,理 貨,流 通加 工,揀 貨,品 管檢 測,包 裝,存 貨控 制,碼頭專區,碼頭貨棧,聯鎖倉庫,保稅倉庫,貨櫃及航空貨物集 散站,物流中心,加工出口區，多功能產業加值園區，自由貿易港區,進口倉,轉口倉,出口倉,銀貨交易,中心機制,銀貨兩訖,(,公平原則,),童叟無欺,(,誠信原則,),法律 規則,公約 協定,運 輸,銀 行,保 險,電 商,商 貿,法律平台,商流,物流,預 告,即 時,彙 總,資訊聯網,運籌群體,物流,商流,以信息通透管理為中心,以倉庫營運管理為中心,以信息通透管理為中心,以實體流通管理為中心,以供應鏈管理為中心,國際商流,資訊流,資訊流,網 安,保險,貨物運輸保險、運送責任保險,輸出信用保險、產品責任保險,公證,(T1),報單,賣方的債權證券買方的物權證券,貨方與船方的 載貨證券,貸方與借方的 有價證券,國 際 商 品 買 賣 與 市 場 流 通 體 系,3,(,一,),信用狀,(,二,),託收,(,三,),期付,(,四,),其他方式,(,五,),特殊安排,(,六,),無需付款,1.Irrevocable Documentary Credits unconfirmed,period of time for payment unspecified,2.Irrevocable Documentary Credits unconfirmed,period of time for payment stated,3.Irrevocable Documentary Credits confirmed,period of time for payment unspecified,4.Irrevocable Documentary Credits confirmed,period of time for payment stated,5.Revocable Documentary Credits,period of time for payment unspecified,6.Revocable Documentary Credits,period of time for payment stated,7.Clean Collections,8.Documentary Collections,period of time for payment unspecified,9.Documentary Collections,period of time for payment stated,10.Collections of Documentary Payments with immediate payment and later acceptance,11.Collections of Documentary Payments with prior acceptance,12.Payment by,Installment,分期付款,13.Payment on a fixed dated agreed,14.Payment in advance upon placing of order(,C.W.O.Cash With Order,訂貨付現,),15.Payment on delivery of goods(,C.O.D.Cash On Delivery,交貨付現,),16.Payment to the carrier on delivery of goods(,C.O.D.Cash On Delivery,交貨付現,),17.Payment by end of month of delivery of goods,18.Payment at the end of a period following the end of the month of delivery of goods,19.Payment at the end of a period following delivery of goods,20.Payment on receipt of the invoice,21.Payment on the last day of the month of receipt of the invoice,22.Payment at the end of a period following the last day of the month of receipt of the invoice,23.Payment at the end of a period following receipt of the invoice,24.Payment by optional dates with discounts(%),25.Payment by optional dates with interest(%)for delayed payment,26.Compensatory payment,27.Payment on,Consignment,寄售付款,28.Payment by Agreement(including,O.A.Open Accounts,記帳交易,),29.Payment on Customary Terms(including,C.A.D.Cash Against Documents,見單付現,),30.Without Payment(Gifts,Samples,Replacement Goods,Consignments for Trial,Repairing,Goods for Processing,Returns,etc.),依國際商會,(ICC),制定信用狀統一慣例之明示，在信用狀作業上有關銀行所處理者為單據,(DOCUMENTS),而非與該等單據可能有關之貨物、勞務及,(,或,),其他履約行為。此等單據包括：,財務單據,(,如：匯票,(Bills of Exchange),、期票,(Promissory Notes),、支票,(Check),、支付憑據,(Payment Receipts),及其他類似之單據等,),，與,商務單據,(,如：商業發票,(Commercial Invoices),、貨運單據,(Shipping Documents),及其他,權狀,(Title),或類似之單據等,商務單據中有關,貨運單據為法律之文書,(,計有三大類二十種之多,),在銀貨交易中如何正確處理貨運單據以便和付款條件交相呼應確實做到公平交易原則下所預期達成之銀貨兩訖的目標實為國際商品買賣有關風險管控之首要！,1.,海運,/,海洋提單,(Marine/Ocean Bill of Lading)*,2.,海運運,(,貨,),單,(Sea Waybill),3.,傭船提單,(Charter Party Bill of Lading)*,4.,多式聯運,(,複合運送,),提單,(Multimodal Transport,Bill of Lading)*,5.,多式聯運,(,複合運送,),運,(,貨,),單,(Multimodal,Transport Sea Waybill),6.,海,/,空聯運運,(,貨,),單,(Sea/Air Combined Transport,Waybill),7.,航空運單,(Air Waybill or Air Consignment Note),8.,簡式航空運單,(Air Bill),9.,航空快遞運,(,貨,),單,(Air Courier Express Waybill),10.,公路運,(,貨,),單,(Road Transport Waybill CMR),11.,鐵路運,(,貨,),單,(Rail Transport Waybill CIM),12.,內河航運,(,貨,),單,(River/Barge Waybill),13.,快遞收貨憑證,(Courier Receipt),14.,郵政收貨憑證,(Post Receipt),15.FIATA Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading*,16.FIATA Multimodal Transport Waybill,17.FIATA Forwarders Certificate of Receipt(for,EXW application),18.FIATA Forwarders Certificate of Transport*(for,C.A.D.application),19.FIATA Warehouse Receipt,20.,貨運承攬代理業自製的貨運單據,註：,*,為貨運的權狀證書,(a title of instrument),FIATA,為國際貨代協會世界聯合會之縮寫,(The Federation of International Freight Forwarders Association),付款條件,/PAYTERMS(,時限、方式、數額、地點,),為商品買賣中買方,(,債務人,Debtor,借方,),明示其所擔負之債,(DEBT),將以何種方式清償,(extinguishing),給賣方,(,債權人,Creditor,貸方,),的重要約定。,動產交易有關物權之佔有,動產交易有關債權之佔有,動產交易有關載貨之交付,動產交易有價證券之質押,有關受貨人,(,亦即物權之佔,有、債權之佔有、載貨之交付、,證券之質押,),的表示法：,-TO(a named person),-TO ORDER(of the Shipper),-TO ORDER(of a named person,except a Bank),-TO(a statement/clause specified),-TO THE BEARER,-TO ORDER(of the Consignor),-TO ORDER(of L/C Applicant),-TO ORDER(of L/C Issuing Bank),-TO ORDER(of Shippers Bank),-TO ORDER(of Buyers Bank),-others,如何確保債權？,-,債權之移轉與委託書的作成,-,徵信、公證與律師見證的設定,-,司法管轄權之約定,等,國 際 商 品 買 賣 與 銀 貨 交 易 體 系,4,貨主,(Shipper),有關貨主之定義,當事人,關係人,有關權益之維護,1,、貨物的,