限制家畜生产的营养物质PowerPointPrese

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。,奶牛饲养导论,Introduction to Dairy Feeding,Feed makes up 5 class of nutrients,1)Water,2)Energy,3)Protein,4)Minerals,5)Vitamins,These nutrients essential for,Maintenance,Growth,Production,Reproduction,Immunity disease resistance,饲料是由,5,种营养物组成,1),水,2),能量,3),蛋白质,4),矿物质,5),维生素,这些营养物对家畜的作用,:,维持正常功能,生长发育,生产,繁殖,增强奶牛免疫和抗病能力,&FIBER,&,纤维,限制家畜生产的营养物质,First Limiting Nutrient,Nutrient Water Barrel,TDN,可消化营养总量,ZN,锌,Vit,A,维生素,A,CP,粗蛋白,P,磷,Se,硒,H O,水,2,Cu,铜,K,钾,Na,钠,牛奶营养成分桶,Nutrient Milk Barrel,限制家畜生产的营养物质,First Limiting Nutrient,Nutrient Water Barrel,TDN,可消化营养总量,ZN,锌,Vit A,维,生,素,A,CP,粗蛋白,P,磷,Se,硒,H O,水,2,Cu,铜,K,钾,Na,钠,牛奶营养成分桶,Nutrient Milk Barrel,饲料营养成分表,FEED COMPOSITION TABLE,On an as fed basis,干物质,Dry Matter,可消化营养总量,TDN,粗蛋白,CP,粗纤维,CF,钙,Ca,磷,P,%,%,%,%,%,%,粗料,Roughages,干草,Hay,苜蓿开花前期,Alfalfa,pre-bloom,90,56,17.9,24,2.2,.3,苜蓿开花中期,Alfalfa,mid-bloom,89,50,14.2,29,1.2,.2,禾本科干草,Grass hays,88,55,9.2,29,.3,.2,青绿饲料,Green feed,88,54,8.1,27,.3,.2,混合干草,(,苜蓿,乔麦,),Mixed Hay(Alfalfa brome)*,88,52,12.5,27,1.0,.1,秸秆,Straw,90,43,4.0,37,.2,.1,青储饲料,Silage,青储玉米,(,抽穗的,)Corn Silage,well eared,35,25,2.8,8.4,.1,.1,饲料营养成分表,FEED COMPOSITION TABLE,On an as fed basis,干物质,Dry Matter,可消化营养总量,TDN,粗蛋白,CP,粗纤维,CF,钙,Ca,磷,P,%,%,%,%,%,%,精料,Concentrates,谷物,Grain,玉米,Corn,89,80,8.9,1.8,.03,.3,燕麦,Oats,89,68,10.0,10.5,.03,.3,小麦,Wheat,89,78,12.7,2.7,.04,.4,蛋白质添加剂,Protein Supplements,菜籽饼,Canola Meal,89,64,37.0,11.1,.7,1.2,豆饼,44%Soybean Meal,44%,89,72,44.1,6.2,.3,.7,葵花饼,Sunflower Meal,93,79,41.0,13.3,.4,1.0,限制家畜生产的营养物质,First Limiting Nutrient,Nutrient Water Barrel,TDN,可消化营养总,量,ZN,锌,Vit A,维生素,A,CP,粗蛋白,P,磷,Se,硒,H O,水,2,Cu,铜,K,钾,Na,牛奶营养成分桶,Nutrient Water Barrel,限制家畜生产的营养物质,First Limiting Nutrient,Nutrient Water Barrel,TDN,可消化营养总量,ZN,锌,Vit A,维生素,A,CP,粗蛋白,P,磷,Se,硒,H O,水,2,Cu,铜,K,钾,Na,钠,牛奶营养成分桶,Nutrient Water Barrel,限制家畜生产的营养物质,First Limiting Nutrient,Nutrient Water Barrel,TDN,可消化营养总量,ZN,锌,Vit A,维生素,A,CP,粗蛋白,P,磷,Se,硒,H O,水,2,Cu,铜,K,钾,Na,钠,牛奶营养成分桶,Nutrient Water Barrel,限制家畜生产的营养物质,First Limiting Nutrient,Nutrient Water Barrel,TDN,可消化,营养总,量,ZN,锌,Vit A,维生素,A,CP,粗蛋白,P,磷,Se,硒,H O,水,2,Cu,铜,K,钾,Na,钠,牛奶营养成分桶,Nutrient Water Barrel,限制家畜生产的营养物质,First Limiting Nutrient,Nutrient Water Barrel,TDN,可消化,营养总,量,ZN,锌,Vit A,维生素,A,CP,粗蛋白,P,磷,Se,硒,H O,水分,2,Cu,铜,K,钾,Na,钠,牛奶营养成分桶,Nutrient Water Barrel,限制家畜生产的营养物质,First Limiting Nutrient,Nutrient Water Barrel,TDN,可消化营养总量,ZN,锌,Vit A,维生素,A,CP,粗蛋白,P,磷,Se,硒,H O,水分,2,Cu,铜,K,钾,Na,钠,营养成分桶,Nutrient Barrel,限制家畜生产的营养物质,First Limiting Nutrient,Nutrient Water Barrel,TDN,可消化,营养总量,ZN,锌,Vit A,维生素,A,CP,粗蛋白,P,磷,Se,硒,H O,水分,2,Cu,铜,K,钾,Na,钠,营养成分桶,Nutrient Barrel,奶牛群体免疫力,Cow Herd Immunity,动物,Animal,环境,Environment,生产力,Productivity,健康状况,Health,&,传染源,Infectious Agent,奶牛群体健康状况,Cow Herd Health,Animal,nutrition,immunity and resistance,vaccination,Environment,shelter,crowding,sanitation and bedding,Infectious Agents,virus,bacteria,fungus,parasites,家畜,营养,免疫力和疾病抵抗力,接种疫苗,环境,棚圈,拥挤现象,卫生及躺卧条件,疾病感染源,病毒,细菌,真菌,寄生虫,限制家畜生产的营养物质,First Limiting Nutrient,Function of nutrients,body Maintenance and repair(immunity),growth,reproduction,production(milk),营养物质的作用,影响家畜维持生命及自我修复功能（免疫力）,影响家畜的生长发育,影响家畜的繁殖能力,影响家畜生产力（产奶量）,限制家畜生产的营养物质,First Limiting Nutrient,Nutritional Components,Water,Protein,Energy,Minerals,Vitamins,营养成分,水分,蛋白质,能量,矿物质,维生素,限制家畜生产的营养物质,First Limiting Nutrient,Most IMPORTANT nutrient?,The one that is deficient!,Production is limited by the nutrient that is the first deficient!,最重要的营养物质是什么,?,家畜缺乏的营养成分是该家畜需求的最重要的营养物质,!,家畜生产力受最缺乏的营养物质限制,!,限制家畜生产的营养物质,First Limiting Nutrient,Functions of nutrients,Protein:,replace body tissue,build new body tissue,reproduction,production,strong immune system,underfeeding/low production,Energy:,makes up 70-80%of nutrient requirement,may be thought as fuel for production,major sources are grains and forages with forage key to how much grain needed,营养物的作用,蛋白质：,促进体内组织的更新,形成体内新组织,影响家畜的繁殖,影响家畜生产力,加强家畜免疫系统,缺乏蛋白质导致减产,能量：,占家畜营养需求量的,70-80%,为家畜补充体能，在家畜生产中起燃料的作用,谷类，谷类和草料的混合饲料是家畜能量主要来源,限制家畜生产的营养物质,First Limiting Nutrient,Water,cows need about 4 L:1 L milk or up to 170 L/day,poor quality water can result in low intake and interference with mineral absorption,水分,奶牛对水的需求量与产奶量的比例为,4,：,1(,升,),或一天的需求量为,170,升,劣质水减少家畜采食量并影响对矿物质的吸收,限制家畜生产的营养物质,First Limiting Nutrient,Minerals,body contains large amounts of mineral elements,at least 14 are considered essential,divided into minerals needed in large amounts and those needed in very small amounts,Calcium,needed for tissue growth,bone development and reproduction,shortage causes poor production and growth,stiffness,lameness,rickets and weak and stillborn calves,矿物质,家畜体内含有大量的矿质元素,至少有,14,种矿质元素是必要元素,矿质元素可分为大量元素和微量元素,钙,钙是组织生长，骨骼发育和繁