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太平天国运动,2021-2022学年人教版八年级历史上册教学课件,第3课 太平天国运动2021-2022学年人教版八年级历史上,洪秀全(,1814-1864,),广东花县人。农民家庭出身,做过乡村教师。多次到广州参加科举考试,都没有考中。,人物扫描,洪秀全(1814-1864),广东花县人。农民家庭出,在科举的道路上屡屡失败的洪秀全,于,1843,年创立“,拜上帝会,”,并和同学冯云山前往广西传教。他们在山区贫苦农民中发展会众两千多人,其中包括杨秀清、萧朝贵、韦昌辉、石达开等骨干。,准备:,在科举的道路上屡屡失败的洪秀全,于1843年创立“拜,1851,年,1,月,11,日,,洪秀全在广西桂平县,金田村,发动武装起义,建号,太平天国,,起义军称“,太平军,”。,金田起义:,1851年1月11日,洪秀全在广西桂平县金田村发动武,不久,洪秀全称“天王”。攻克永安后,洪秀全封杨秀清为东王,萧朝贵为西王,冯云山为南王,韦昌辉为北王,石达开为翼王,所封诸王均受东王节制。,太平天国初步建立起政权组织。,永安封王:,不久,洪秀全称“天王”。攻克永安后,洪秀全封杨秀清为,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,运动过程,攻克永安,围困桂林、长沙,攻克武昌,定都天京,金田起义,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,二、定都天京,1852,年春,太平军从永安突围北上,先后围困桂林、长沙,攻克武昌。虽然冯云山、萧朝贵在进军途中牺牲,但队伍发展至,50,万人。次年春,太平军放弃武昌,分水陆两路,沿长江东下。,1853,年,3,月,攻占南京,将南京改名为天京,作为都城。,二、定都天京 1852年春,太平军从永安突围北上,先后,颁布,天朝田亩制度,时间:,太平天国定都天京后,内容:,不分男女,按人口和年龄平均分配土地,目标:,建立“有田同耕,有饭同食,有衣同穿,有钱同使,无处不均匀,无人不饱暖”的理想社会,颁布天朝田亩制度时间:太平天国定都天京后内容:不分男女,,凡分田,照人口,不论男妇,算其家口多寡,人多则分多,人寡则分寡,杂以九等,凡天下田,天下人同耕。此处不足,则迁彼处,彼处不足,则迁此处。凡天下田,丰荒相通。此处荒,则移彼丰处,以赈此荒处。彼处荒,则移此丰处,以赈彼荒处。,天朝田亩制度,凡分田,照人口,不论男妇,算其家口多寡,人多则分多,,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,如何评价,天朝田亩制度,?,天朝田亩制度,虽因带有很大的空想色彩而在实践中难以施行,但它反映了千百年来农民要求得到土地的强烈愿望,对于发动和鼓舞广大农民起来参加反封建斗争起了积极的作用。,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,北伐和西征,时间:,1853,年,目的:,推翻清朝统治和巩固政权,概况:,北伐军曾逼近天津,最后全军覆没。,西征战场则取得重大胜利。经过,3,年多的征战,太平天国控制了从湖北武昌到江苏镇江的长江沿岸城镇,掌握了安徽、江西、湖北东部和江苏部分地区,军事上进入全盛时期。,北伐和西征时间:1853年目的:推翻清朝统治和巩固政权概况:,三、天京陷落,天京事变,原因:,定都天京后,太平天国在军事征战和制度建设上取得了重大成就,但,领导人开始享乐腐化,争权夺利。,三、天京陷落天京事变原因:定都天京后,太平天国在军事,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,经过:,1856,年秋,杨秀清逼洪秀全封他为“万岁”,意图篡位。结果杨秀清被杀,韦昌辉被处死,石达开率部出走。,结果:,太平军损失惨重,人心士气受到严重影响。,太平天国由盛转衰。,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,为了改变不利局面,洪秀全采取了哪些措施?,洪秀全封从香港来到天京的洪仁玕为干王,总理朝政;提拔陈玉成、李秀成等一批青年将领。,为了改变不利局面,洪秀全采取了哪些措施?洪秀全封从香,洪仁玕写成,资政新篇,,提出向西方学习、改革内政等一系列政治、经济、文化、外交主张,得到洪秀全的赞赏。但由于受当时历史条件的限制,,资政新篇,未能付诸实践。,洪仁玕写成资政新篇,提出向西方学习、改革内政等一,陈玉成、李秀成等协同作战,先后取得浦口、三河大捷,但未能从根本上改变军事上的不利局面。,李秀成,后期斗争,陈玉成、李秀成等协同作战,先后取得浦口、三河大捷,但,1860,年,曾国藩的湘军包围安庆。陈玉成和李秀成率部救援失败,安庆陷落。后来,陈玉成被俘就义。李秀成率太平军攻克杭州,进逼上海,遭到华尔率领的洋枪队和李鸿章率领的淮军的抵抗和反扑。,1860年,曾国藩的湘军包围安庆。陈玉成和李秀成率部,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
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