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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,3.1不等关系与不等式,3.1不等关系与不等式,1.,能用不等式,(,组,),表示实际问题的不等关系,.,2.,初步学会作差法比较两实数的大小,.,3.,掌握不等式的基本性质,并能运用这些性质解决有关问题,.,学习目标,1.能用不等式(组)表示实际问题的不等关系.学习目标,题型探究,问题导学,内容索引,当堂训练,题型探究问题导学内容索引当堂训练,问题导学,问题导学,思考,知识点一不等关系,v,40.,限速,40 km,/h,的路标,指示司机在前方路段行驶时,应使汽车的速度,v,不超过,40 km/,h,,用不等式如何表示?,答案,思考知识点一不等关系v40.限速40 km/h的路标,,梳理,试用不等式表示下列关系:,(1),a,大于,b,a,b,(2),a,小于,b,a,b,(3),a,不超过,b,a,b,(4),a,不小于,b,a,b,梳理试用不等式表示下列关系:,b,a,b,0,;,a,b,a,b,0,;,a,b,a,b,bab0;abab,知识点三不等式的基本性质,思考,a,b,,,b,c,a,b,0,,,b,c,0,a,b,b,c,0,a,c,0,a,c,.,试用作差法证明,a,b,,,b,c,a,c,.,答案,知识点三不等式的基本性质思考ab,bcab0,,梳理,不等式性质:,(1),a,b,b,a,(,对称性,),;,(2),a,b,,,b,c,a,c,(,传递性,),;,(3),a,b,a,c,b,c,(,可加性,),;,(4),a,b,,,c,0,ac,bc,;,a,b,,,c,b,,,c,d,a,c,b,d,;,梳理不等式性质:,(6),a,b,0,,,c,d,0,ac,bd,;,(7),a,b,0,,,n,N,,,n,1,a,n,b,n,;,(8),a,b,0,,,n,N,,,n,2,.,(6)ab0,cd0ac bd;,题型探究,题型探究,类型一用不等式,(,组,),表示不等关系,例,1,某种杂志原以每本,2.5,元的价格销售,可以售出,8,万本,.,据市场调查,若单价每提高,0.1,元,销售量就可能相应减少,2 000,本,.,若把提价后杂志的定价设为,x,元,怎样用不等式表示销售的总收入仍不低于,20,万元呢?,提价后销售的总收入为,x,万元,,那么不等关系,“,销售的总收入仍不低于,20,万元,”,可以表示为不等式,x,20.,解答,类型一用不等式(组)表示不等关系例1某种杂志原以每本2.,反思与感悟,数学中的能力之一就是抽象概括能力,即能用数学语言表示出实际问题中的数量关系,.,用不等式,(,组,),表示实际问题中的不等关系时:,(1),要先读懂题,设出未知量;,(2),抓关键词,找到不等关系;,(3),用不等式表示不等关系,.,思维要严密、规范,.,反思与感悟数学中的能力之一就是抽象概括能力,即能用数学语言表,跟踪训练,1,某钢铁厂要把长度为,4 000 mm,的钢管截成,500 mm,和,600 mm,两种,.,按照生产的要求,,600 mm,的钢管数量不能超过,500 mm,钢管的,3,倍,.,怎样写出满足上述所有不等关系的不等式呢?,解答,跟踪训练1某钢铁厂要把长度为4 000 mm的钢管截成50,设截得,500 mm,的钢管,x,根,截得,600 mm,的钢管,y,根,.,根据题意,应有如下的不等关系:,(1),截得两种钢管的总长度不能超过,4 000 mm,;,(2),截得,600 mm,钢管的数量不能超过,500 mm,钢管数量的,3,倍;,(3),截得两种钢管的数量都不能为负,.,要同时满足上述的三个不等关系,可以用不等式组表示为,设截得500 mm的钢管x根,截得600 mm的钢管y根.根,类型二比较大小,命题角度,1,作差法比较大小,例,2,已知,a,,,b,均为正实数,.,试利用作差法比较,a,3,b,3,与,a,2,b,ab,2,的大小,.,解答,a,3,b,3,(,a,2,b,ab,2,),(,a,3,a,2,b,),(,b,3,ab,2,),a,2,(,a,b,),b,2,(,b,a,),(,a,b,)(,a,2,b,2,),(,a,b,),2,(,a,b,).,当,a,b,时,,a,b,0,,,a,3,b,3,a,2,b,ab,2,;,当,a,b,时,,(,a,b,),2,0,,,a,b,0,,,a,3,b,3,a,2,b,ab,2,.,综上所述,,a,3,b,3,a,2,b,ab,2,.,类型二比较大小命题角度1作差法比较大小解答a3b3,反思与感悟,比较两个实数的大小,只要考察它们的差就可以了,.,作差法比较实数的大小的一般步骤是作差,恒等变形,判断差的符号,下结论,.,作差后变形是比较大小的关键一步,变形的方向是化成几个完全平方数和的形式或一些易判断符号的因式积的形式,.,反思与感悟比较两个实数的大小,只要考察它们的差就可以了.作差,跟踪训练,2,已知,x,1,,试比较,x,3,1,与,2,x,2,2,x,的大小,.,解答,(,x,3,1),(2,x,2,2,x,),x,3,2,x,2,2,x,1,(,x,3,x,2,),(,x,2,2,x,1),x,2,(,x,1),(,x,1),2,跟踪训练2已知x1,试比较x31与2x22x的大小.,命题角度,2,作商法比较大小,例,3,若,0,x,1,,,a,0,且,a,1,,试比较,|log,a,(1,x,)|,与,|log,a,(1,x,)|,的大小关系,.,解答,命题角度2作商法比较大小解答,0,x,1,,,1,x,2,(1,x,)(1,x,),1,,且,1,x,0,,,|log,a,(1,x,)|,|log,a,(1,x,)|.,0 x1,1x2(1x)(1x)1,且1x,反思与感悟,作商法的依据:若,b,0,,则,1,a,b,.,反思与感悟作商法的依据:若b0,则 1ab.,跟踪训练,3,若,a,b,0,,比较,a,a,b,b,与,a,b,b,a,的大小,.,解答,又,a,b,0,,,a,a,b,b,a,b,b,a,.,跟踪训练3若ab0,比较aabb与abba的大小.解答,类型三不等式的基本性质,例,4,已知,a,b,0,,,c,b0,c,b,0,,,c,d,0,,证明:,ac,bd,.,证明,跟踪训练4如果ab0,cd0,证明:acbd.证,当堂训练,当堂训练,“,不低于,”,即,“”,,,“,高于,”,即,“,”,,,“,超过,”,即,“,”,,,x,95,,,y,380,,,z,45.,1.,某校对高一美术生划定录取分数线,专业成绩,x,不低于,95,分,文化课总分,y,高于,380,分,体育成绩,z,超过,45,分,用不等式表示就是,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,“不低于”即“”,“高于”即“”,“超过”即“”,x,2.,已知,a,b,0,,,b,b,b,a,B.,a,b,a,b,C.,a,b,b,a,D.,a,b,a,b,1,2,3,4,由,a,b,0,,知,a,b,,,a,b,0.,又,b,0,,,a,b,b,a,.,答案,解析,2.已知ab0,b0,那么a,b,a,b的大小关系,(,a,3)(,a,5),(,a,2)(,a,4),(,a,2,2,a,15),(,a,2,2,a,8),70,,,(,a,3)(,a,5)0,a,b,;,a,b,0,a,b,;,a,b,0,a,b,.,2.,作差法比较的一般步骤,第一步:作差;,第二步:变形,常采用配方、因式分解等恒等变形手段,将,“,差,”,化成,“,和,”,或,“,积,”,;,第三步:定号,就是确定是大于,0,,等于,0,,还是小于,0(,不确定的要分情况讨论,),;,规律与方法1.比较两个实数的大小,只要考察它们的差就可以了.,最后得结论,.,概括为,“,三步一结论,”,,这里的,“,定号,”,是目的,,“,变形,”,是关键,.,3.,不等式的性质是不等式变形的依据,每一步变形都要严格依照性质进行,并注意不等式推导所需条件是否具备,.,最后得结论.,本课结束,本课结束,团Tiffany,a 16yearold girl,was very shy.Last September,her best frien“I was really sad the moment I heard the bad news and I didnt know what to do,”Tiffany recalled.“I shut myself in my room for a whole week.It was then that my aunt took me to a sports club one Saturday and I saw so many young people playing different kinds of sports there.I signed up for a beginners course in volleyball and since then I have been playing this sport.Now I practice twice a week there.It is wonderful playing sports in this club and I have made lots of friends as well.2 ”,The most basic aim of playing sports is that you can improve your health even if you are not very good at sports.Besides,you can get to know a circle of people at your age while playing sports.3 Since she joined the sports club,s,I got used to the life here.And now I know lots of(5)_ here.For example,when I meet my friend on the street,I usually(6)_ him like this,“Hey,where are you going?”In our country if someone asks this,people may get(7)_ but in this country people wont.Of course,there are some other interesting things here.Ill tell you about them next time.,he has opened up herself and now she has become very active and enjoys meeting and talking with others.,1Its polite for girls to kiss each other on the side of the face.s also become more confident.团圆圆一家在台湾可受欢迎了。每天,小朋友们排着长队,等着跟它们合影留念。从“排着长队”体现出每天喜欢它们的人不计其数,特别受选D.A.根据同类项合并法则,与不是同类项,不能合并,故本选项错误;B.根据算术平方根的定义,=3,故本选项错误;C.根据同底数幂的乘法aa2=a3,故本选项错误;D.根据积的乘方,(2a3)2=4a6,故本选项正确.欢
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