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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,专题十特殊句式,1,一、强调句结构,强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式，下面简单归纳它的几种结构：,1用助动词“do(does/did)动词原形来表示强调：,He does know the place well.他确实很熟悉这个地方。,Do write to me when you get there.你到那儿后务必给我来信。,2,2用形容词 very，only，single，such 等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气：,Thats the very textbook we used last term.这正是我们上学期用过的教材。,You are the only person here who can speak Chinese.你是这里唯一会讲汉语的人。,3,3用 ever，never，very，just 等副词和 badly，highly，really 等带有ly的副词来进行强调：,He never said a word the whole day.一整天，他一句话也没说。,I really dont know what to do next.我确实不知道下一步该做什么。,4,4用 in the world，on earth，at all 等介词短语可以表达更强的语气(常用于疑问句)：,Where in the world could he be？他到底会在哪儿？,What on earth is it?它究竟是什么？,5用感慨句来表达强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感：,How interesting a story it is!这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！,Oh，what a lie!啊，真是弥天大谎！,5,6用重复来表示强调：,Why！why！The cage is empty!啊！啊！笼子是空的！,They walked for miles and miles.他们走了好多英里。,7用倒装句(也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的局部置于句首)来加强语气：,On the table were some flowers.桌上摆着一些花。(强调地点),Only in this way can we solve this problem.只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。,6,8用强调句型：“It is(was)被强调的局部that(who)原句其他局部来强调说话人的意愿：,Its me that he blamed.他责怪的是我。,7,9用If来表示强调：,(1)If从句I dont know who/what，etc.does/is/has，etc.；主语局部也可以用 nobody does/is/has，etc.或 everybody does/is/has，etc.来代替(这里的 if 从句往往是正话反说，反话正说)：,If he cant do it，I dont know who can.要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。(强调只有他能做),If Jim is a coward，everybody is.要是吉姆是个胆小鬼，那么人人都是胆小鬼。(强调吉姆不是胆小鬼),8,(2)if 从句it be 主句(此用法可看成是第8条中强调句型的变形，即把所要强调的内容放在 it be 的后面，把其他内容放在由 if 引导的从句中)：,If anyone knew the truth，it was Tom.如果说谁了解事实的真相，那便是汤姆。,If there is one thing he loves，it is money.如果说世界上还有他爱的东西，那便是金钱。,9,10用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气：Its because of hard workten years of hard work.那是因为艰苦的工作10年艰苦的工作！,He began the work in late May.他是在5月底开始的这项工作。(强调时间),10,二、倒装,1主谓全倒装(谓语动词全部放在主语前面),(1)由引导词 there 引导的句子。例如：,Theres an outdoor concert tonight in our school.,(2)句首是表语且主语较长时。例如：,Nearby were two canoes，in which they came to the island.,(3)句首状语为介词短语且谓语为不及物动词时。例如：,From the window of the house flew an Italian flag.,11,(4)方向副词位于句首时，假设主语是名词，主谓须倒装；假设主语是代词，主谓不倒装。例如：,Down came the old man.,Away they went.,12,5地点副词 here，there 和时间副词 now，then 位于句首时，假设主语是名词，主谓须倒装；假设主语是代词，主谓不倒装。例如：,Look,here comes the bus.,Oh，here it comes.(用一般现在时替代现在进行时),Then came the day we had been looking forward to.,13,(6)as 和 though 引导让步状语从句时，通常将表语、状语、动词原形等提前。,Child as he was，he knew a great deal.(child 前不可加不定冠词),Much as I like the film，I dont want to see it a second time.,Try as you might，you will fail to persuade him out of the idea.,Strange though it may seem，the fattest man is the youngest.,14,2主谓局部倒装(助动词或情态动词等放在主语前面),(1)only修饰副词/介词短语/状语从句时。例如：,Only when nations stop quarrelling and work together to feed the poor will human rights be possible.,Only in this way can you learn English well.,Only then did I know I was wrong.,15,(2)某些表示否认意义的词和短语，如 barely，hardly,scarcely，little，few，seldom，not，never，nowhere，not until，by no means(决不)，in no way(决不)，at no time(决不)等位于句首时。例如：,Hardly could she walk at the age of four.,Nowhere else in the world can one see more bicycles than in China.,Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.,16,(3)not only.but also，no sooner.than，hardly/scarcely.when 中的否认词位于句首时。例如：,Not only was everything he had taken away from him，but also his German citizenship.,Hardly had we got to the cinema when the film began.,17,特别提醒：在 not only.but also 引导的两个分句中，第二个分句不倒装；在 hardly.when，no sooner.than 引导的主从句中，主句用过去完成时态并且倒装。,(4)为强调状语而将 often，so(副词)提至句首时。例如：,Often did he go to school late.,So loudly is he speaking，everybody can hear him.,(5)so/such.that从句中的 so/such位于句首时。例如：,So much did she worry about her daughter that she couldnt go to sleep.,18,(6)so 作“也讲，引导一个分句时。例如：,He can swim，so can I.,I wonder if your wife will go to the ball.,If your wife does，so will mine.,假设 so 只是重复它前面的内容，作“确实如此讲时，主谓不倒装。例如：,I often make mistakes.,So you do but so does everybody.,19,(7)neither，nor 作“也不讲，引导一个分句时。例如：,He didnt speak at the meeting;nor did I.,(8)在表示祝愿的句中。例如：,May you be happy!,(9)虚拟条件状语从句中省略连词 if 时。例如：,Were I you，I would not give in to him.,Had I known you didnt have the key，I wouldnt have locked the door.,20,特别提醒：如果从句中的谓语动词是过去式，那么 if 不能省略，主谓局部也不倒装。,21,三、省略句,1简单句中的省略,简单句中的省略包括对话，祈使句，感慨句，独立主格结构中以及不定式中的省略。不定式的省略有如下几种：,(1)用于 expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish 等后。,I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to.,我让他去看电影，但他不想去。,22,(2)have，need，ought，be going，used 等后。,I didnt want to go there，but I had to.我不想去那里，但又不得不去。,(3)在某些形容词 glad，happy，pleased，delighted 等后。,Will you join in the game？乐意参加我们的比赛吗？,Id be glad to.乐意。,23,(4)否认形式的省略用 not to。,Shall I go instead of him？我替他去好吗？,I prefer not to.我看还是别吧。,(5)如果不定式中含有 be，have，have been，通常保存 be，have 和 have been。,He hasnt finished yet.他还没结束呢。,Well，he ought to have.哟，他该结束了。,24,2复合句中的省略,(1)主句中的省略,主句中的省略多见于句首，多用于日常用语中。,(It is/was a)Pity you couldnt come.你不能来真可惜。,在对话中答句省去整个主句，只用从句。,Shall I go to play？我可以去玩吗？,If you like(you can go to play)如果你喜欢去。,25,(2)宾语从句中的省略,由which，when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句中与主句重复的主语及谓语，可全部或局部省去，只保存引导
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