非谓语动词高考陷阱易错题归纳总结

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,非谓语动词,（,non-finite verbs,）,高考陷阱易错题归纳总结,黄州区一中 张谦,2012.12.8,Tongue-twister:A good cookie could be cooked by a good cook if a good cook could cook a good cookie.,Here is a good cookie cooked by a good cook.,Here is a good cook cooking a good cookie.,He is looking for a good cook to cook a good cookie for the duke.,英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构,如果出现更多动词：,加连词（,and/but/so,）,放入从句,变为非谓语动词,主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语,过去分词（表被动，已经完成）,不定式,(,表将来，未发生,),-,ing,形式（其中现在分词表主动，正在进行）,非谓语动词,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,动名词,不定式,分词,非谓语动词的句法功能和形式：,非谓语动词的各种形式：（以动词,do,为例）,主动,被动,一般,完成,进行,一般,完成,不定式,分词,to do,to be done,to have done,to have been done,to be doing,doing,being done,having done,having been done,做非谓语动词题,可分四步分析,:,一、分析句子结构,1._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.2._many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.ToldC.He was told D.Though he was told,分析：句,1.,用连词,but,引导并列句子，因此，前面也是个独立句子，故选,C,。,句,2.,句中用逗号隔开，且无连词引导，因此，前面不是句子结构，只是句子的一个成分，故选,A,，,用非谓语动词作状语。,3.A 4.E 5.C,3._to the left,youll find the post office.4.If you _to the left,youll find the post office.5._to the left and youll find the post office.A.Turning B.To turn C.Turn D.Turned E.turn,二、分析逻辑主语,非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。,1._no buses,we have to walk home.2._Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home.A.There being B.It were C.There were D.It being,分析：句,1.,表示“没有公共汽车”，应用“,there be”,结构，即逻辑主语是“,the buses”,，,故选,A,。,句,2.,同理选,D,。,A,All the preparation for the project_,were ready to start.,All the preparation for the project_,and were ready to start.,A.completed,B.have,been completed,C.had,been completed,D.been,completed,B,三、分析语态,分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。,1._from space,the earth looks blue.2._from space,we can see the earth is blue.A.Seen B.Seeing C.To see D.See,这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加自己的逻辑主语,因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。,分析：句,1.“,地球被看”，表被动，故选,A,，,用过去分词表被动。句,2.,我们“主动看,”,即表主动，故选,B,。,3.The dirty clothes _,the girl hung them up outside.4._ the dirty clothes,the girl hung them up outside.A.was washed B.washed C.were washed D.having washed,分析：句,3.,前面应用非谓语动词作句子的状语，逻辑主语是“,the dirty clothes”,，,和动词搭配表示“衣服被洗”，故选,B,。,句,4.,逻辑主语为句子的主语“,the girl”,，,表示“女孩洗衣服”，为主动关系，故选,D,。,四、分析时态，,在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。,1.The building _now will be a restaurant.2.The building _next year will be a restaurant.3.The building _last year is a restaurant.A.having been built B.to be builtC.being built D.built,句,1,中,now,说明大楼正在被修，故用进行式，选,C,。,句,2,中,next year,说明大楼将在明年被修，故用表将来的不定式，选,B,。,句,3,中,last year,说明大楼已被修，但不能选,A,，,因为现在分词的完成式不能作定语，故用过去分词，选,D,。,1.He stood there_for his mother.2._for two hours,he went away.A.waiting B.to wait C.waited D.Having waited,句,1,表示“站在那等”，两个动词同时发生，故选,A,作伴随状语。句,2,表示已经等了两个小时，发生在谓语动词“,went away”,之前，故用完成式，选,D,。,注意,:,非谓语动词的否定都应将,not,放在前面。,What is the reason for _there?A.not your going B.not your goC.your not going D.you not to go,反面解读,（解题时出现的误区，盲区）,专题,7,反面解读,反面解读,1,【,误,】We dont allow to smoke in the lecture hall.,【,正,】We dont allow smoking in the lecture hall.,【,正,】We dont allow people to smoke in the lecture hall.,解析,考查固定结构。注意区分,allow doing,sth,.,和,allow sb.to do,sth,.,，以及相关词的用法。,2,【,误,】She was the first person thinking of the idea.,【,正,】She was the first person to think of the idea.,解析,当序数词或由序数词所修饰的名词带定语时，此定语通常由不定式来充当。,专题,7,反面解读,3,【,误,】The question being discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one.,【,正,】The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one.,解析,being discussed,表示动作正在进行，而根据,at tomorrows meeting,可判断动作发生在将来，故用,to be discussed,表示。,专题,7,反面解读,4,【,误,】This boy was seen come late this morning.,【,正,】This boy was seen to come late this morning.,解析,see,，,watch,等动词转换为被动结构时，其后不定式一般需要带,to,。,专题,7,反面解读,5,【,误,】Ive been looking forward to hear from you.,【,正,】Ive been looking forward to hearing from you.,解析,在,look forward to,中，,to,为介词，所以应用动名词作宾语。,专题,7,反面解读,6,【,误,】This is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.,【,正,】It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.,解析,作形式主语，代替动词的,ing,形式，只能用,it,。,专题,7,反面解读,7,【,误,】The flowers need being watered.,【,正,】The flowers need watering/to be watered.,解析,need,want,require,等动词的主语为物时，后面跟动名词主动形式或接不定式的被动结构，表示“,需要被,”,。,专题,7,反面解读,8,(1),【,误,】I could see the house having been beautifully decorated.,【,正,】I could see the house beautifully decorated.,(2),【,误,】The book having been written long ago is hard for us to understand today.,【,正,】The book written long ago is hard for us to understand today.,解析,现在分词的完成式通常不作定语或补足语,。,专题,7,反面解读,9,(1)【,误,】Having found the cause,the experiment continued.,【,正,】Having found the cause,they continued the,experiment.(Having,found,After/When they had found),(2)【,误,】Seeing from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful.,【,正,】Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks more,beautiful.(Seen,When the city is seen),解析,作状语的分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中的主语一致，现在分词与其逻辑主语有主动关系，而过去分词则与其逻辑主语有被动关系。,专题,7,反面解读,10,(1),【,误,】Having not finished his homework,he didnt want to go to bed.,【,正,】Not having finished his homework,he