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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,中考语法专题十 初中英语构词法,第二部分 语法复习,中考语法专题十 初中英语构词法第二部分 语法复习,英语的构词法主要有,:,转化法,合成法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法,1.,形容词前加“,un-,”,、“,il-,”,、“,im-,”,、“,in,”,或“,ir,”,,表示相反的意思。如:,happy,(高兴),-,unhappy,(不高兴),,lucky,(幸运),-,unlucky,(不幸),,able,(能),-,unable,(不能),,countable,(可数的),uncountable,(不可数的),possible,(可能的),-,impossible,(不可能的);,(一)常用前缀,英语的构词法主要有:转化法,合成法,派生法,混成法,截短法和,(一)常用前缀,fair,(公平),-,unfair,(不公平),,like,(像),-,unlike,(不像),legal,(合法的),-,illegal,(不合法的),,logical,(合符逻辑的),-,illogical,(不合符逻辑的);,direct,(直接的),-,indirect,(间接的),moveable,(可移动的),-,immovable,(不可移动的),,complete,(完全的),-,incomplete,(不完全的),,dependent,(需要依靠的),-,independent,(独立的);,regular,(规则的),-,irregular,(不规则的),,removable,(可移动的),-,irremovable,(不可移动的)。,(一)常用前缀fair(公平)-unfair(不公平),l,(一)常用前缀,2.,动词前加“,dis-,”,表示相反的意思。,如:,like-dislike,,,cover-discover,,,agree-disagree,3.,动词前加“,mis-,”,表示“弄错”的意思。,如:,take-mistake,,,hear-mishear,4.,动词前加“,re-,”,表示“重做”的意思。,如:,write-rewrite,,,tell-retell,,,open-reopen,,,call-recall,,,build-rebuild,5.,名词前加“,tele-,”,表示“远距离”的意思。,如:,phone-telephone,,,vision-television,,,scope-telescope,(一)常用前缀2.动词前加“dis-”表示相反的意思。,常用前缀一览表,前缀,含义,例子,un-,表“不,无,没有”,happy,(高兴),-unhappy,(不高兴),il-,(放在同辅音词根前),表“不,无”,legal,(合法的),illegal,(不合法的),im-,表“不,无,非”,polite,(有礼貌的),impolite,(无礼貌的),in-,表“不,无,非”,effective,(有效的),ineffective,(无效的),ir-,表“不,无,非”,regular,(规则的),irregular,(不规则的),dis-,表“不,没有”,agree,(同意),disagree,(不同意),mis-,表“错误,坏”,behavior,(行为),misbehavior,(坏行为),re-,表“重做”,tell,(讲述),retell,(复述),tele-,表“远距离”,vision,(视野),television,(遥远的视野),non-,表示“不,非”,fiction,(小说),-nonfiction,(非小说文学作品),常用前缀一览表前缀含义例子un-表“不,无,没有”happy,(二)常用后缀,1.,动词后加“,-er,”,或“,-or,”,表示从事这种工作的人。,如:,work-worker,,,teach-teacher,,,read-reader,,,listen-listener,,,speak-speaker,,,clean-cleaner,,,help-helper,,,wait-waiter,,,play-player,,,sing-singer,,,dance-dancer,,,drive-driver,,,write-writer,,,run-runner,,,swim-swimmer,,,visit-visitor,,,act-actor,注:有些地名后也可加“,er,”,表示这个地方的人。,如:,London-Londoner,,,New York-New Yorker,2.,名词或动词后加“,-ful,”,变成形容词,表示“充满,的”的意思。,如:,forget-forgetful,,,care-careful,,,help-helpful,,,hope-hopeful,,,use-useful,,,fruit-fruitful,,,color-colorful,,,beauty-beautiful,。,mouth-mouthful,,,hand-handful,,,glass-glassful,,,cup-cupful,,,box-boxful,,,arm-armful,(二)常用后缀1.动词后加“-er”或“-or”表示从事这种,(二)常用后缀,3.,名词后加“,-less,”,变成形容词,表示“没,的”的意思。,如:,home-homeless,,,color-colorless,,,help-helpless,,,hope-hopeless,,,use-useless,4.,形容词后加“,-ness,”,变成名词,表示抽象状态。,如:,good-goodness,,,dark-darkness,,,hard-hardness,,,ill-illness,,,forgetful-forgetfulness,,,happy-happiness,,,busy-business,5.,名词后加“,-y,”,变成形容词,表示“充满,的”的意思。,如:,wind-windy,,,cloud-cloudy,,,sun-sunny,,,hair-hairy,,,ice-icy,,,noise-noisy,,,fog-foggy,,,dirt-dirty,(二)常用后缀3.名词后加“-less”变成形容词,表示“没,(二)常用后缀,6.,名词或形容词后加“,-en,”,变成动词,表示“使,怎么样”的意思。,如:,fat-fatten,,,black-blacken,,,thick-thicken,,,quick-quicken,,,hard-harden,,,soft-soften,,,weak-weaken,7.,形容词后加“,-ly,”,变成副词,意思相同。,如:,careful-carefully,,,slow-slowly,,,quick-quickly,,,kind-kindly,,,near-nearly,,,real-really,,,usual-usually,,,happy-happily,,,easy-easily,8.,名词后加“,-hood,”,表示“,关系”或“,状况”的意思。,如:,brother-brotherhood,,,sister-sisterhood,,,child-childhood,(二)常用后缀6.名词或形容词后加“-en”变成动词,表示“,(二)常用后缀,9.,动词后加“,-tion,”,,“,ion,”,或“,-ment,”,变成名词,意思相同。,如:,act-action,,,collect-collection,,,operate-operation,,,liberate-liberation,,,impress,(给某人留下深刻的印象),-impression,(印象),,move-movement,,,develop-development,,,govern,(治理),-government,(政府)。,10.,动词或形容词后加“,-th,”,变成名词,表示“某种状况或性质”。,如:,grow-growth,,,warm-warmth,,,true-truth,,,long-length,,,strong-strength,11.,动词后加“,-able,”,或“,ible,”,变成形容词,表示“可,的”的意思。,如:,eat-eatable,,,work-workable,,,move-movable,,,enjoy-enjoyable,,,reduce,(缩减),-reducible,(可缩减的),,reverse,(翻转),-reversible,(可翻转的)。,(二)常用后缀9.动词后加“-tion”,“ion”或“-m,(二)常用后缀,12.,在表示颜色的形容词后面加“,-ish,”,,表示“略带,色”的意思。,如:,black-blackish,,,green-greenish,,,brown-brownish,,,yellow-yellowish,,,red-reddish,,,white-whitish,,,blue-bluish,13.,在名词后面加“,-ish,”,,表示“有,属性”的意思,常含有贬义。,如:,book-bookish,(书呆子气的),,child-childish,(小孩子气的),,girl-girlish,(娇气的),,woman-womanish,(婆婆妈妈的)。,14.,在名词后面加“,-like,”,,表示“有,属性”的意思,常有褒义。,如:,child-childlike,(天真的),,mothermotherlike,(慈爱的),,man-manlike,(有大丈夫气慨的),,woman-womanlike,(温柔的)。,(二)常用后缀12.在表示颜色的形容词后面加“-ish”,表,常用后缀一览表,后缀,含义,例子,名词后缀,-er/or,意为:从事工作的人,waiter,doctor,visitor,-ness,;,-ity,(,ty,),意为:状态,品质,happiness,,,usefulness,,,selfishness,,,-ism,意为:道义,主义,idealism,,,impressionism,-ess,意为:女性,actress,waitress,-hood,意为:时期,boyhood,,,childhood,,,manhood,-ship,意为:才能,资格,状态,leadership,,,friendship,,,membership,-tion,,,-ion,意为:状态,行动,action,direction,attention,-ment,意为:状态,行动,improvement,argument,-al,意为:动作,arrival,-age,意为:程度,数量,breakage,,,hostage,常用后缀一览表后缀含义例子名词后缀-er/or意为:从事工作,后缀,含义,例子,动词后缀,-ify,意为:转换,转变,beautify,,,diversify,,,simplify,-ize,;,-en,意为:使,,变得,modernize,,,popularize,,,threaten,形容词后缀,-ful,意为:充满,有,useful,beautiful,hopeful,-less,意为:没有,无,hopeless,harmless,careless,-ly,意为:有,的品质,friendly,brotherly,-y/-ish,意为:像,一般,sandy,foolish,girlish,-like,意为:像,的,childlike,-some,意为:像,一样的,troublesome,tiresome,bothersome,-ed,意为:有,属性的,wooded,pointed,-al,意为:有,属性的,cultural,personal,musical
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