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,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,*,LOGO,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,*,汉英笔译根底教程,Basics of Chinese to English Translation,第十五章 风格不符,Contents,15.1,正式等级,I,15.2,风格翻译,II,15.1,正式等级,英语的正式等级大抵可以分为四种：旧式正式英语、现代正式英语、一般非正式英语和口语体非正式英语。,其中现代正式英语和一般非正式英语的使用范围较广。,旧式正式英语：,To some scholars,instruction emanates from lecture or laboratory;to others it radiates from within.No scholar is so well taught as he who can teach himself.,现代正式英语：,Although learning is judged to require from teachers(and sometimes indeed it does),the real instructions may be found not so much in school or in great laboratories as in the students own powers of insight.,一般非正式英语：,We think we learn from teachers,and we sometimes do.But the teachers are not always to be found in school or in great laboratories.Sometimes what we learn depends upon our own powers of insight.,口语题非正式英语：,You know,people are always saying they learn from teachers!OK,so they do,sometimes.But what I want to get across is this:you dont always find your teachers in schools or in labs,either.No sir!Sometimes you find the teacher right in your own eyes and ears and brains.Thats where its at!,从措辞来看，正式英语多项选择择庄重、抽象、多音节的French或Latin的词语，如：scholar,instruction,lecture,emanate,radiate,insight等；而非正式英语多项选择用短小、具体、常用的Anglo-Saxon 词语，如：think,learn,say,get across,eyes,ear,brains,be at等。,从句式来看，正式英语多用抽象概念作主语，被动句，附属结构，句子偏长；而非正式英语那么多采用人称主语，主动句，简单句或并列句，句子偏短。,汉语也有类似的风格：古朴的文言、端重严谨的现代汉语、通顺晓畅的现代汉语和通俗的汉语口语体，根本与英语的正式等级对应。,15.1.1,古朴文言,孙子曰：昔之善战者，先为不可胜，以待敌之可胜。不可胜在己，可胜在敌。故善战者，能为不可胜，不能使敌之可胜。故曰：胜可知而不可为。,SunTzu said:The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat,and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.To secure ourselves against defeat lies in our own hands,but the opportunity of defeating the enemy is provided by the enemy himself.Thus the good fighter is able to secure himself against defeat,but can not make certain of defeating the enemy.Hence the saying:One may know how to conquer without being able to do it.,15.1.1,古朴文言,孙子曰：昔之善战者，先为不可胜，以待敌之可胜。不可胜在己，可胜在敌。故善战者，能为不可胜，不能使敌之可胜。故曰：胜可知而不可为。,Sunzi said:The skilled commanders of the past first made themselves,invulnerable,then waited for the enemys moment of,vulnerability,.,Invulnerability,depends on ones own efforts,whereas,victory,over the enemy depends on the latters negligence.,It follows,that those skilled in warfare can make themselves,invincible,but they cannot be sure of victory over the enemy.,Therefore,it is said that victory can be anticipated but it can not be forced.,15.1.2,端重汉语,办事快捷：该区全面推行工程登记制，投资者只须提交完备的申办公司的材料，六天就可领到工商营业执照副本。该区实行办事限时制，对区内各部门办理有关事项严格实行限时办事制，做到“区内的事，特事特办，马上就办，办就办好。,High Speed Work.The zone carries items register system in all around way.Investors only need to present complete material of applying for setting up a company.It takes 6 days for them to get the copy of industrial and commercial business license.The zone carries out work limit time system in every department of administrative commission in free trade zone.They do“the business of free trade zone specially,at once and as well as possible.,15.1.2,端重汉语,办事快捷：该区全面推行工程登记制，投资者只须提交完备的申办公司的材料，六天就可领到工商营业执照副本。该区实行办事限时制，对区内各部门办理有关事项严格实行限时办事制，做到“区内的事，特事特办，马上就办，办就办好。,Efficiency.The zone has a project registration system at work.Investors only need to present required documents in applying for business startup.It takes 6 days for them to get the business licence from the Industrial and Commercial Administration.The zone works on a managed schedule in handling applications to all the administrative departments or commission in the free trade zone.The new guideline for zone department is“Every application shall be handled specially,punctually and satisfactorily.,15.1.3,通畅汉语,我靠近看那个小孩子的面貌，尚可约略分清。哪里是像五六岁时候的可爱的小顺呀！满脸上乌黑，不知是泥还是煤烟。穿了一件蓝布小衫，下边露了多半部的腿，身上发出一阵泥土与汗湿的气味。他见我叫出他的名字，便呆呆地看着我。,I drew nearer and peered at the childs face.I could barely recognize him.What had happened to the darling Little Shun of five or six!His face was blackened-either by mud or soot.He wore a short homespun blue robe that was well up above his knees,and he reeked of mud and sweat.When he heard me call his name,he stared at me in astonishment.,15.1.4,口语体,这可绝不是件容易的事。一年，两年，至少三四年；一滴汗，两滴汗，不知道多少万滴汗，才能挣出那辆车。从风里雨里的咬牙，从饭里茶里的自苦，才赚出那辆车。,Becoming independent was not a simple matter at all.It took one year,two years,at least three or four years,and one drop of sweat,two drops of sweat,who knows how many millions of drops of sweat,until the struggle produced a rickshaw.By gritting his teeth through wind and rain,depriving himself of good food and good tea,he finally saved enough for that rickshaw.,15.1.4,口语体,这可绝不是件容易的事。一年，两年，至少三四年；一滴汗，两滴汗，不知道多少万滴汗，才能挣出那辆车。从风里雨里的咬牙，从饭里茶里的自苦，才赚出那辆车。,But that certainly is,no easy point to reach,.A year,two years:three or four years at the very least;one drop of sweat,two drops of sweat:no one knows
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